Difference between revisions of "Evolution of German"
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These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands. | These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Evolution == | ||
| + | [[Image:tree.png]] | ||
== Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic == | == Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic == | ||
| + | === Verner's Law === | ||
| + | {|border="1" | ||
| + | |+voiceless | ||
| + | | p | ||
| + | | t | ||
| + | | k | ||
| + | | kʷ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | colspan="4" align="center" | | ||
| + | → | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | β/b | ||
| + | | d/ð | ||
| + | | ɣ/ɡ | ||
| + | | ɣʷ/ɡʷ | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
=== The first sound shift === | === The first sound shift === | ||
| + | {|border="1" | ||
| + | |+voiceless | ||
| + | | p | ||
| + | | t | ||
| + | | k | ||
| + | | kʷ | ||
| + | | s | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | colspan="5" align="center" | | ||
| + | → | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | f | ||
| + | | θ | ||
| + | | x/h | ||
| + | | xʷ/hʷ | ||
| + | | s | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {|border="1" | ||
| + | |+aspirated | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | bʰ | ||
| + | | dʰ | ||
| + | | ɡʰ | ||
| + | | ɡʷʰ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | colspan="4" align="center" | | ||
| + | → | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | β/b | ||
| + | | d/ð | ||
| + | | ɣ/ɡ | ||
| + | | ɣʷ/ɡʷ | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | === | + | {|border="1" |
| + | |+voiced | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | b | ||
| + | | d | ||
| + | | ɡ | ||
| + | | ɡʷ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | colspan="4" align="center" | | ||
| + | → | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | p | ||
| + | | t | ||
| + | | k | ||
| + | | kʷ | ||
| + | |} | ||
=== Stress Shift === | === Stress Shift === | ||
| Line 20: | Line 89: | ||
=== Second Sound Shift === | === Second Sound Shift === | ||
(a.k.a. Affricatisation) | (a.k.a. Affricatisation) | ||
| − | |||
* d → t | * d → t | ||
| + | * β → b | ||
* ɣ → ɡ | * ɣ → ɡ | ||
Revision as of 10:31, 6 February 2006
These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands.
Contents
Evolution
Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic
Verner's Law
| p | t | k | kʷ |
|
→ | |||
| β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
The first sound shift
| p | t | k | kʷ | s |
|
→ | ||||
| f | θ | x/h | xʷ/hʷ | s |
| bʰ | dʰ | ɡʰ | ɡʷʰ |
|
→ | |||
| β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
| b | d | ɡ | ɡʷ |
|
→ | |||
| p | t | k | kʷ |
Stress Shift
Germanic to NW Germanic
- z → r
NW Germanic to West Germanic
- ð → d
Gemination
West Germanic to OHG
Second Sound Shift
(a.k.a. Affricatisation)
- d → t
- β → b
- ɣ → ɡ
