Difference between revisions of "Evolution of German"
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=== Gemination === | === Gemination === | ||
| + | * C → CC / _ C<sub>[+son]</sub> | ||
| + | ** (i.e.: n, m, l, (r,) w, j } | ||
| + | ** skalj → shell | ||
| + | ** → latter, ladder | ||
| + | ** → button | ||
| + | ** → happen | ||
| + | ** → bubble | ||
| + | ** → bottle | ||
| + | ** sitj(an) → sit(ting) | ||
== West Germanic to OHG == | == West Germanic to OHG == | ||
Revision as of 11:23, 6 February 2006
These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands.
Contents
Evolution
Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic
Verner's Law
Continuant options if after a vowel.
- / V[-stressed] C0[+sonorant] _ {#,C[+sonorant]}
| p | t | k | kʷ |
|
→ | |||
| β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
The first sound shift
Continuant options if after a vowel
- voiceless stops → fricatives
| p | t | k | kʷ | s |
|
→ | ||||
| f | θ | x/h | xʷ/hʷ | s |
- voiced stops → unvoiced stops
| b | d | ɡ | ɡʷ |
|
→ | |||
| p | t | k | kʷ |
- voiced aspirated stops → voiced stops
| bʰ | dʰ | ɡʰ | ɡʷʰ |
|
→ | |||
| β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
Stress Shift
Germanic to NW Germanic
- z → r
NW Germanic to West Germanic
- ð → d
Gemination
- C → CC / _ C[+son]
- (i.e.: n, m, l, (r,) w, j }
- skalj → shell
- → latter, ladder
- → button
- → happen
- → bubble
- → bottle
- sitj(an) → sit(ting)
West Germanic to OHG
Second Sound Shift
(a.k.a. Affricatisation)
| p | t | k | → |
| pf | ts | kx | / {#,C} _ |
| ff | ss | xx | / {V} _ |
And some other stuff:
- d → t (except after a nasal)
- β → b
- ɣ → ɡ
