Difference between revisions of "Evolution of German"
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== West Germanic to OHG == | == West Germanic to OHG == | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Voiceless Stops Fricativise === | ||
| + | * ship → shif | ||
=== Second Sound Shift === | === Second Sound Shift === | ||
| + | Voiceless Aspirated Stops Fricativise | ||
(a.k.a. Affricatisation) | (a.k.a. Affricatisation) | ||
| + | |||
{|border="1" | {|border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 120: | Line 125: | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | === | + | === Voiced stops devoice === |
| − | * d → t (except after a nasal) | + | * d → t (except after a nasal?) |
| + | * g,b → k,p | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Other stuff === | ||
| + | * θ → d | ||
* β → b | * β → b | ||
* ɣ → ɡ | * ɣ → ɡ | ||
Revision as of 11:38, 6 February 2006
These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands.
Contents
Evolution
Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic
Verner's Law
Continuant options if after a vowel.
- / V[-stressed] C0[+sonorant] _ {#,C[+sonorant]}
| p | t | k | kʷ |
|
→ | |||
| β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
The first sound shift
Continuant options if after a vowel
- voiceless stops → fricatives
| p | t | k | kʷ | s |
|
→ | ||||
| f | θ | x/h | xʷ/hʷ | s |
- voiced stops → unvoiced stops
| b | d | ɡ | ɡʷ |
|
→ | |||
| p | t | k | kʷ |
- voiced aspirated stops → voiced stops
| bʰ | dʰ | ɡʰ | ɡʷʰ |
|
→ | |||
| β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
Stress Shift
Germanic to NW Germanic
- z → r
NW Germanic to West Germanic
- ð → d
Gemination
- C → CC / _ C[+son]
- (i.e.: n, m, l, (r,) w, j }
- skalj → shell
- → latter, ladder
- → button
- → happen
- → bubble
- → bottle
- sitj(an) → sit(ting)
West Germanic to OHG
Voiceless Stops Fricativise
- ship → shif
Second Sound Shift
Voiceless Aspirated Stops Fricativise (a.k.a. Affricatisation)
| pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | → |
| pf | ts | kx | / {#,C} _ |
| ff | ss | xx | / {V} _ |
Voiced stops devoice
- d → t (except after a nasal?)
- g,b → k,p
Other stuff
- θ → d
- β → b
- ɣ → ɡ
