Difference between revisions of "Evolution of German"

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* ɣ → ɡ
 
* ɣ → ɡ
  
[[Categories:Linguistics]]
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[[Category:Linguistics]]
[[Categories:Historical Linguistics]]
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[[Category:Historical Linguistics]]

Revision as of 23:26, 26 February 2006

These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands.

Evolution

Tree.png

Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic

Verner's Law

Continuant options if after a vowel.

  • / V[-stressed] C0[+sonorant] _ {#,C[+sonorant]}
p t k

β/b d/ð ɣ/ɡ ɣʷ/ɡʷ

The first sound shift

Continuant options if after a vowel

  • voiceless stops → fricatives
p t k s

f θ x/h xʷ/hʷ s
  • voiced stops → unvoiced stops
b d ɡ ɡʷ

p t k
  • voiced aspirated stops → voiced stops
ɡʰ ɡʷʰ

β/b d/ð ɣ/ɡ ɣʷ/ɡʷ

Stress Shift

Germanic to NW Germanic

  • z → r

NW Germanic to West Germanic

  • ð → d

Gemination

  • C → CC / _ C[+son]
    • (i.e.: n, m, l, (r,) w, j }
    • skalj → shell
    • → latter, ladder
    • → button
    • → happen
    • → bubble
    • → bottle
    • sitj(an) → sit(ting)

West Germanic to OHG

Voiceless Stops Fricativise

  • ship → shif

Second Sound Shift

Voiceless Aspirated Stops Fricativise (a.k.a. Affricatisation)

pf ts kx / {#,C} _
ff ss xx / {V} _

Voiced stops devoice

  • d → t (except after a nasal?)
  • g,b → k,p

Other stuff

  • θ → d
  • β → b
  • ɣ → ɡ