Difference between revisions of "Evolution of German"
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| xʷ/hʷ | | xʷ/hʷ | ||
| s | | s | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | * voiced stops → unvoiced stops | ||
+ | {|border="1" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | b | ||
+ | | d | ||
+ | | ɡ | ||
+ | | ɡʷ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="4" align="center"| | ||
+ | → | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | p | ||
+ | | t | ||
+ | | k | ||
+ | | kʷ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| ɣ/ɡ | | ɣ/ɡ | ||
| ɣʷ/ɡʷ | | ɣʷ/ɡʷ | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 11:03, 6 February 2006
These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands.
Contents
Evolution
Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic
Verner's Law
Continuant options if after a vowel.
- / V[-stressed] C0[+sonorant] _ {#,C[+sonorant]}
p | t | k | kʷ |
→ | |||
β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
The first sound shift
Continuant options if after a vowel
- voiceless stops → fricatives
p | t | k | kʷ | s |
→ | ||||
f | θ | x/h | xʷ/hʷ | s |
- voiced stops → unvoiced stops
b | d | ɡ | ɡʷ |
→ | |||
p | t | k | kʷ |
- voiced aspirated stops → voiced stops
bʰ | dʰ | ɡʰ | ɡʷʰ |
→ | |||
β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
Stress Shift
Germanic to NW Germanic
- z → r
NW Germanic to West Germanic
- ð → d
Gemination
West Germanic to OHG
Second Sound Shift
(a.k.a. Affricatisation)
- d → t
- β → b
- ɣ → ɡ