Evolution of German

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These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands.

Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic

The first sound shift

Verner's Law

Stress Shift

Germanic to NW Germanic

  • z → r

NW Germanic to West Germanic

  • ð → d

Gemination

West Germanic to OHG

Second Sound Shift

(a.k.a. Affricatisation)


  • d → t
  • ɣ → ɡ