Difference between revisions of "Unami verbs"

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(→‎Intransitive Animate)
(→‎consonant-final)
 
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=== a/e-alternating ===
 
=== a/e-alternating ===
 +
kshihëla, wikwihëla, pa, alëmska
 
{|class="wikitable"
 
{|class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
Line 56: Line 57:
  
 
=== i/u-alternating ===
 
=== i/u-alternating ===
 +
palsi, ahpi, amwi, akohchi, kësi, manunksi, alënixsi
 
{|class="wikitable"
 
{|class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
Line 76: Line 78:
 
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="root">pals</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">wàk</span>
 
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="root">pals</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">wàk</span>
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
 
  
 
=== vowel-final ===
 
=== vowel-final ===
Line 101: Line 101:
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
machi, kwëtki, alai
 
{|class="wikitable"
 
{|class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
Line 122: Line 123:
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
ahponhe, ame, shilënche, mëne
 
{|class="wikitable"
 
{|class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
Line 144: Line 146:
  
 
=== consonant-final ===
 
=== consonant-final ===
 +
 +
shielìntàm, mikëntàm, ànkël
 +
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="2"| !! singular !! plural
 +
|-
 +
!rowspan="2"| 1st person
 +
! exclusive
 +
|rowspan="2"| &nbsp;<span class="affix">n</span><span class="root">shielìntàm</span>
 +
| &nbsp;<span class="affix">n</span><span class="root">shielìntàm</span><span class="affix">uhëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! inclusive
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">shielìntàm</span><span class="affix">uhëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="2"| 2nd person
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">shielìntàm</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">shielìntàm</span><span class="affix">uhëmo</span>
 +
|-
 +
!colspan="2"| 3nd person
 +
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="root">shielìntàm</span>
 +
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="root">shielìntàm</span><span class="affix">uwàk</span>
 +
|}
  
 
== Transitive Inanimate ==
 
== Transitive Inanimate ==
 +
 +
(1a) pën<span class="rootaffix">àm</span>, katat<span class="rootaffix">àm</span>, mahël<span class="rootaffix">àm</span>, këlësët<span class="rootaffix">àm</span>, màxk<span class="rootaffix">àm</span>
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
! !! singular object !! plural object
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person sg
 +
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ën</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 2nd person sg
 +
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ën</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 3nd person sg
 +
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ën</span>
 +
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person pl exclusive
 +
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ënën</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person pl inclusive
 +
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ënën</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 2nd person pl
 +
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 3nd person pl
 +
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span>
 +
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span>
 +
|}
 +
 +
(1b) mëshën<span class="rootaffix">ëm</span>, nat<span class="rootaffix">ëm</span>, këlën<span class="rootaffix">ëm</span>, wetën<span class="rootaffix">ëm</span>
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
! !! singular object !! plural object
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person sg
 +
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 2nd person sg
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 3nd person sg
 +
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span>
 +
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person pl exclusive
 +
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënën</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person pl inclusive
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënën</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 2nd person pl
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 3nd person pl
 +
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span>
 +
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span>
 +
|}
 +
 +
 +
(2) pet<span class="rootaffix">aw</span>, këshixët<span class="rootaffix">aw</span>
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
! !! singular object !! plural object
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person sg
 +
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 2nd person sg
 +
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 3nd person sg
 +
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span>
 +
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person pl exclusive
 +
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nën</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person pl inclusive
 +
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nën</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 2nd person pl
 +
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 3nd person pl
 +
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span>
 +
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span>
 +
|}
 +
 +
 +
(3) nem, michi
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
! !! singular object !! plural object
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person sg
 +
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span>
 +
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 2nd person sg
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 3nd person sg
 +
| <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person pl exclusive
 +
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënën</span>
 +
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person pl inclusive
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënën</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 2nd person pl
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 3nd person pl
 +
| <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span>
 +
| <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span>
 +
|}
  
 
== Transitive Animate ==
 
== Transitive Animate ==
 +
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
! !! 1st person sg !! 2nd person sg !!colspan="2"| 3rd person sg !! 1st person pl excl !! 1st person pl incl !! 2nd person pl !!colspan="2"| 3rd person pl
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person sg
 +
| —
 +
|class="unm-local"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">el</span>
 +
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">a</span>
 +
|colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| —
 +
|class="unm-local"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">elhumo</span>
 +
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">aok</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 2nd person sg
 +
|class="unm-local"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">i</span>
 +
| —
 +
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">a</span>
 +
|class="unm-local" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">ihëna</span>¹
 +
| —
 +
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">aok</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 3nd person sg
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">ukw</span>
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">ukw</span>
 +
|class="unm-direct"| <span class="root">m</span><span class="affix">w</span><span class="root">il</span><span class="affix">ao</span>²
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="root">m</span><span class="affix">w</span><span class="root">il</span><span class="affix">ku</span>
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kuna</span>
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kuna</span>
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kuwa</span>
 +
|class="unm-direct"| <span class="root">m</span><span class="affix">w</span><span class="root">il</span><span class="affix">ao</span>²
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="root">m</span><span class="affix">w</span><span class="root">il</span><span class="affix">kuwoo</span>³
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person pl exclusive
 +
|rowspan="2"| —
 +
|class="unm-local" rowspan="2"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">eluhëna</span>
 +
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">awëna</span>
 +
|rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| —
 +
|class="unm-local" rowspan="2"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">elhumëna</span>
 +
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">awënanàk</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 1st person pl inclusive
 +
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">awëna</span>
 +
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">awënanàk</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 2nd person pl
 +
|class="unm-local"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">ihëmo</span>
 +
| —
 +
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">awa</span>
 +
|class="unm-local" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">ihëna</span>¹
 +
| —
 +
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">awook</span>
 +
|-
 +
! 3nd person pl
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kuk</span>
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kuk</span>
 +
|class="unm-direct"| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>il</span><span class="affix">awoo</span>³
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>il</span><span class="affix">kuk</span>
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kunanàk</span>
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kunanàk</span>
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kuwanàk</span>
 +
|class="unm-direct"| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>il</span><span class="affix">awoo</span>³
 +
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>il</span><span class="affix">kuwoo</span>⁴
 +
|}

Latest revision as of 19:16, 9 May 2024


Intransitive Descriptive

Predicative

singular plural
3rd inan aone aoneyo
3rd anim aonsu aonsuwàk

Attributive

singular plural
3rd inan aone aoneyo
3rd anim aonsit aonsitchik

Intransitive Animate

There are four main types of these verbs:

a/e-alternating

kshihëla, wikwihëla, pa, alëmska

singular plural
1st person exclusive nkshihëla nkshihëla
inclusive  kshihëlahëna
2nd person  kshihëla  kshihëlahëmo
3nd person  kshihële  kshihëleyòk

i/u-alternating

palsi, ahpi, amwi, akohchi, kësi, manunksi, alënixsi

singular plural
1st person exclusive  mpalsi  mpalsihëna
inclusive këpalsihëna
2nd person këpalsi këpalsihëmo
3nd person   palsu   palsuwàk

vowel-final

singular plural
1st person exclusive  mpuhënëma  mpuhënëmahëna
inclusive këpuhënëmahëna
2nd person këpuhënëma këpuhënëmahëmo
3nd person   puhënëma   puhënëmaòk

machi, kwëtki, alai

singular plural
1st person exclusive nëmachi nëmachihëna
inclusive këmachihëna
2nd person këmachi këmachihëmo
3nd person   mòchi   mòchiyòk

ahponhe, ame, shilënche, mëne

singular plural
1st person exclusive ntahponhe ntahponhehëna
inclusive ktahponhehëna
2nd person ktahponhe ktahponhehëmo
3nd person   ahponhe   ahponheyòk

consonant-final

shielìntàm, mikëntàm, ànkël

singular plural
1st person exclusive  nshielìntàm  nshielìntàmuhëna
inclusive këshielìntàmuhëna
2nd person këshielìntàm këshielìntàmuhëmo
3nd person   shielìntàm   shielìntàmuwàk

Transitive Inanimate

(1a) pënàm, katatàm, mahëlàm, këlësëtàm, màxkàm

singular object plural object
1st person sg mpënamën mpënamëna
2nd person sg kpënamën kpënamëna
3nd person sg pwënamën pwënamëna
1st person pl exclusive mpënamënën mpënamënëna
1st person pl inclusive kpënamënën kpënamënëna
2nd person pl kpënamëneyo kpënamëneyo
3nd person pl pwënamëneyo pwënamëneyo

(1b) mëshënëm, natëm, këlënëm, wetënëm

singular object plural object
1st person sg nëmëshënëmën nëmëshënëmëna
2nd person sg këmëshënëmën këmëshënëmëna
3nd person sg   mëshënëmën   mëshënëmëna
1st person pl exclusive nëmëshënëmënën nëmëshënëmënëna
1st person pl inclusive këmëshënëmënën këmëshënëmënëna
2nd person pl këmëshënëmëneyo këmëshënëmëneyo
3nd person pl   mëshënëmëneyo   mëshënëmëneyo


(2) petaw, këshixëtaw

singular object plural object
1st person sg mpetun mpetuna
2nd person sg kpetun kpetuna
3nd person sg pwetun pwetuna
1st person pl exclusive mpetunën mpetunëna
1st person pl inclusive kpetunën kpetunëna
2nd person pl kpetuneyo kpetuneyo
3nd person pl pwetuneyo pwetuneyo


(3) nem, michi

singular object plural object
1st person sg   nemën   nemëna
2nd person sg kënemën kënemëna
3nd person sg wënemën wënemëna
1st person pl exclusive   nemënën   nemënëna
1st person pl inclusive kënemënën kënemënëna
2nd person pl kënemëneyo kënemëneyo
3nd person pl wënemëneyo wënemëneyo

Transitive Animate

1st person sg 2nd person sg 3rd person sg 1st person pl excl 1st person pl incl 2nd person pl 3rd person pl
1st person sg — këmilel nëmila — këmilelhumo nëmilaok
2nd person sg këmili — këmila këmilihëna¹ — këmilaok
3nd person sg nëmilukw këmilukw mwilao² mwilku nëmilkuna këmilkuna këmilkuwa mwilao² mwilkuwoo³
1st person pl exclusive — këmileluhëna nëmilawëna — këmilelhumëna nëmilawënanàk
1st person pl inclusive këmilawëna këmilawënanàk
2nd person pl këmilihëmo — këmilawa këmilihëna¹ — këmilawook
3nd person pl nëmilkuk këmilkuk mwilawoo³ mwilkuk nëmilkunanàk këmilkunanàk këmilkuwanàk mwilawoo³ mwilkuwoo⁴
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