Difference between revisions of "Kyrgyz nominal morphology"
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{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
− | ! form !! name !! involved demotion/promotion !! adverbial use !! attributive use !! substantival use | + | ! form !! name !! involved demotion/promotion !! adverbial use !! attributive use !! substantival use (new base) !! morphology |
|- | |- | ||
! !! nom | ! !! nom | ||
+ | | yes || yes || yes || (yes) || ((pl)(px)) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! -NI !! acc | ! -NI !! acc | ||
+ | | yes || no(?) || no || no || ((pl)(px.)) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! -NIн !! gen | ||
+ | | yes || no || ~yes || no || ((pl)(px)) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! -GA !! dat | ||
+ | | yes || yes || no || no || ((pl)(px.n)) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="7"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! -DA !! loc | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || ((pl)(px.n)) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! -DAн !! abl | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || ((pl)(px.N)) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="7"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! -DAGI !! loc.attr | ||
+ | | no || no || yes || yes || ((pl)(px.n)) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! -NIKI !! gen.subst | ||
+ | | no || no || no || yes || ((pl)(px)) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="7"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! -DAй !! equ | ||
+ | | no || yes || yes || yes || ((pl)(px.n)) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! -LUU !! orn | ||
+ | | no || yes? || yes || yes || — | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! -сIз !! priv/abe | ||
+ | | no || yes || yes || yes || ((pl)(px)) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! -чA !! sim | ||
+ | | no || yes || yes? || yes? || ((pl)(px?)) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="7"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! менен !! inst/com | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || nom(/acc) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! үчүн !! "for" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no? || no || nom(/acc) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! аркылуу !! "through", "via" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no? || no || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! мурун !! "ago" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! мурунку !! "ago" | ||
+ | | no || no || yes || yes || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! тууралуу !! "about" | ||
+ | | no || yes || yes? || no? || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! жөнүндө !! "about" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! жөнүндөгү !! "about" | ||
+ | | no || no || yes || yes || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! боюнча || "according to", "around" | ||
+ | | no || yes || yes || yes? || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! сайын !! "every" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! катары || "as" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! ирентинде !! "as" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! ирентиндеги !! ~"as" | ||
+ | | no || no || yes || yes? || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! болгон үчүн !! "due to" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! болсо || "as for" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! жак || "by" | ||
+ | | no || no || no || yes || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! сыяктуу || "similar to" | ||
+ | | no || yes || yes || yes || nom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="7"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! көздөй || "towards" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || acc | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! карай || "towards" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || acc | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="7"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! чейин || "before" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || dat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! чейинки || "before" | ||
+ | | no || no || yes || yes || dat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! каршы || "against" | ||
+ | | no || yes || yes? || yes || dat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! карата || "towards", "according to", "depending on" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || dat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! жараша || "per/according to", "in accordance w̄", "related to" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || dat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! ылайык || "per/according to", "in accordance w̄" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || dat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! караганда || "compared to" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || dat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! тийишелүү || "regarding/in regards to, concerning/as concerns" | ||
+ | | no || yes || yes || yes? || dat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! тийиштүү || "regarding/in regards to, concerning/as concerns" | ||
+ | | no || yes || yes || yes? || dat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! окшоп || "similar to" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || dat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! окшогон || "similar to" | ||
+ | | no || no || yes || yes || dat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="7"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! соң || "after, since" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || abl(/nom) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! соңку || "after, since" | ||
+ | | no || no || yes || yes || abl(/nom) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! кийин || "after, since" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || abl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! кийинки || "after, since" | ||
+ | | no || no || yes || yes || abl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! бери || "since" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || abl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! берки || "since" | ||
+ | | no || no || yes || yes || abl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! ары || "beyond" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || abl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! аркы || "beyond" | ||
+ | | no || no || yes || yes || abl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! тышкары || "except for, excluding, besides" | ||
+ | | no || yes || ? || ? || abl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! башка || "other than" | ||
+ | | no || yes || yes || yes || abl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! көрө || "instead of" | ||
+ | | no || yes || no || no || abl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="7"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! байланыштуу || "related to" / "in connection with" | ||
+ | | no || yes || yes || yes || dat/менен | ||
|} | |} |
Latest revision as of 00:04, 14 February 2023
form | name | involved demotion/promotion | adverbial use | attributive use | substantival use (new base) | morphology |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nom | yes | yes | yes | (yes) | ((pl)(px)) | |
-NI | acc | yes | no(?) | no | no | ((pl)(px.)) |
-NIн | gen | yes | no | ~yes | no | ((pl)(px)) |
-GA | dat | yes | yes | no | no | ((pl)(px.n)) |
-DA | loc | no | yes | no | no | ((pl)(px.n)) |
-DAн | abl | no | yes | no | no | ((pl)(px.N)) |
-DAGI | loc.attr | no | no | yes | yes | ((pl)(px.n)) |
-NIKI | gen.subst | no | no | no | yes | ((pl)(px)) |
-DAй | equ | no | yes | yes | yes | ((pl)(px.n)) |
-LUU | orn | no | yes? | yes | yes | — |
-сIз | priv/abe | no | yes | yes | yes | ((pl)(px)) |
-чA | sim | no | yes | yes? | yes? | ((pl)(px?)) |
менен | inst/com | no | yes | no | no | nom(/acc) |
үчүн | "for" | no | yes | no? | no | nom(/acc) |
аркылуу | "through", "via" | no | yes | no? | no | nom |
мурун | "ago" | no | yes | no | no | nom |
мурунку | "ago" | no | no | yes | yes | nom |
тууралуу | "about" | no | yes | yes? | no? | nom |
жөнүндө | "about" | no | yes | no | no | nom |
жөнүндөгү | "about" | no | no | yes | yes | nom |
боюнча | "according to", "around" | no | yes | yes | yes? | nom |
сайын | "every" | no | yes | no | no | nom |
катары | "as" | no | yes | no | no | nom |
ирентинде | "as" | no | yes | no | no | nom |
ирентиндеги | ~"as" | no | no | yes | yes? | nom |
болгон үчүн | "due to" | no | yes | no | no | nom |
болсо | "as for" | no | yes | no | no | nom |
жак | "by" | no | no | no | yes | nom |
сыяктуу | "similar to" | no | yes | yes | yes | nom |
көздөй | "towards" | no | yes | no | no | acc |
карай | "towards" | no | yes | no | no | acc |
чейин | "before" | no | yes | no | no | dat |
чейинки | "before" | no | no | yes | yes | dat |
каршы | "against" | no | yes | yes? | yes | dat |
карата | "towards", "according to", "depending on" | no | yes | no | no | dat |
жараша | "per/according to", "in accordance w̄", "related to" | no | yes | no | no | dat |
ылайык | "per/according to", "in accordance w̄" | no | yes | no | no | dat |
караганда | "compared to" | no | yes | no | no | dat |
тийишелүү | "regarding/in regards to, concerning/as concerns" | no | yes | yes | yes? | dat |
тийиштүү | "regarding/in regards to, concerning/as concerns" | no | yes | yes | yes? | dat |
окшоп | "similar to" | no | yes | no | no | dat |
окшогон | "similar to" | no | no | yes | yes | dat |
соң | "after, since" | no | yes | no | no | abl(/nom) |
соңку | "after, since" | no | no | yes | yes | abl(/nom) |
кийин | "after, since" | no | yes | no | no | abl |
кийинки | "after, since" | no | no | yes | yes | abl |
бери | "since" | no | yes | no | no | abl |
берки | "since" | no | no | yes | yes | abl |
ары | "beyond" | no | yes | no | no | abl |
аркы | "beyond" | no | no | yes | yes | abl |
тышкары | "except for, excluding, besides" | no | yes | ? | ? | abl |
башка | "other than" | no | yes | yes | yes | abl |
көрө | "instead of" | no | yes | no | no | abl |
байланыштуу | "related to" / "in connection with" | no | yes | yes | yes | dat/менен |