Difference between revisions of "Turkic phonemic transcription"
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| − | I use a version of the Turkish alphabet (more similar to the Latin alphabet used for Tatar) to represent Turkic languages phonemically. This tries to summarise the system. | + | I use a version of the Turkish alphabet (more similar to the Latin alphabet used for Tatar) to represent Turkic languages phonemically. This tries to summarise the system (but is not complete yet). |
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ä | ! ä | ||
| − | | ә /æ/ || — /a~æ/ || ә /æ/ || | + | | ә /æ/ || — /a~æ/ || ә /æ/ || (e /æ/) || a /æ/ |
|- | |- | ||
! aa, ā | ! aa, ā | ||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! b | ! b | ||
| − | | б /b/ || б /b~w/ || б /b/ || b /b/ | + | | б /b/ || б /b~w/ || б /b/ || b /b/ || b /b/ |
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! c | ||
| + | |colspan="2" align="center"| (ц /ts/) || җ /ʤ/ʓ/ || c /ʤ/ || ts /ts/ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! ç | ||
| + | | — || ч /ʧ/ || ч /ʧ~ʃ/ || ç /ʧ/ || ch /ʧ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! e | ! e | ||
| − | | е /i̯ɘ/ || e, э /e/ || e /ɘ/ || e /ɛ/ | + | | е /i̯ɘ/ || e, э /e/ || e /ɘ/ || e /ɛ/ || e /e/ |
|- | |- | ||
! ee, ē | ! ee, ē | ||
| − | | — || ээ /eː/ || — || — | + | | — || ээ /eː/ || — || — || — |
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! g | ||
| + | | г /g/ || г /g/ || г /g/ || g /g/ || g /g/ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! ğ | ||
| + | | ғ /ʀ/ || г /ʀ/ || г /ʀ/ || ğ /y/ː/(ʀ/) || g' /ʀ/ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! h | ||
| + | | һ /h/ || — || һ /h/ || h /h/ || h /h/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! i | ! i | ||
| і /ɘ/ || и /i/ || и /i/ || i /ɪ/ || i /ɨ/ | | і /ɘ/ || и /i/ || и /i/ || i /ɪ/ || i /ɨ/ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! ı | ||
| + | | ы /ə/ || ы /ɯ/ || ы /ə/ || ı /ɯ/ || — | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! j | ||
| + | | ж /ʒ/ || ж /ʤ/ || ж /ʐ/ || j /ʒ/ || j /ʤ/ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! k | ||
| + | | к /k/ || к /k/ || к /k/ || k /k/ || k /k/ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! ŋ | ||
| + | | ң /ŋ/ || ң /ŋ/ || ң /ŋ/ || — /ŋ/ || (ng /ŋ(g)/) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! ń/ñ | ||
| + | | — || — || — || — || — | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! o | ||
| + | | о /u̯ʊ/ || о /o/ || о /o/(?) || o /o/ || o' /o/ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! ö | ||
| + | | ө /y̯ʉ/ || ө /œ/ || ө /œ/(?) || ö /œ/ || (o' /œ/) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! q | ||
| + | | қ /q/ || к /q/ || к /q/ || (k /q/) || q /q/ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! ş | ||
| + | | ш /ʃ/ || ш /ʃ/ || ш /ʃ/ || ş /ʃ/ || sh /ʃ/ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! u | ||
| + | | ұ /ʊ/ || у /u/ || у /ʊ/ || u /u/ || u /u/ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! ü | ||
| + | | ү /ʉ/ || ү /y/ || ү /ʉ/ || ü /y/ || (u /ʉ/) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! v | ||
| + | |colspan="2" align="center"| (в /v/) ||| в (/v/) | v /v/ || v /v/ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! w | ||
| + | | у /w/ || (уб /w/) || в /w/ || — || (v /v/) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! x | ||
| + | | х /χ/ || х /χ/ || х /χ/ || (h /x/) || x /χ/ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! y | ||
| + | | й /j/ || й /j/ || й /j/ || y /j/ || y /j/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | [[Category:Turkic | + | == Notes == |
| + | * There are digraphs which aren't in the table: | ||
| + | ** Kazakh ‹у› represents w, ıw, iw, uw, and üw. | ||
| + | ** Various languages have ‹я›, ‹е›, ‹ё›, and ‹ю› which have y onglide and then a vowel. E.g. Tatar ‹я› represents ya and yä. | ||
| + | * various languages' dialectal forms have been included (in parentheses), though orthography usually assumed based on standard dialect. | ||
| + | * Turkish is transcribed as-is usually, which is problematic, because spelling isn't always in-line with this system, at least not in terms of correspondence to other languages (e.g. ‹c›). | ||
| + | * Parentheses can mean a non-native phoneme, like with "(в /v/)", or a non-native phoneme represented by a grapheme used also for a native phoneme, like with "в (/v/)". The can also mean a phoneme not normally recognised as being represented by a single orthographic convention, like "(уб /w/)", or a phoneme found only in certain dialects, and hence not distinguished orthographically in those dialects, like with "(k /q/)". | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Turkic Languages]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:17, 22 September 2010
I use a version of the Turkish alphabet (more similar to the Latin alphabet used for Tatar) to represent Turkic languages phonemically. This tries to summarise the system (but is not complete yet).
| orthography | Kazakh | Kyrgyz | Tatar | Turkish | Uzbek |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | а /a/ | а /ɑ/ | а /ɒ/ | а /ɑ/ | a /a/ |
| ä | ә /æ/ | — /a~æ/ | ә /æ/ | (e /æ/) | a /æ/ |
| aa, ā | — | аа /ɑː/ | — | ağ(a) /ɑː/ | — |
| â, å | — | — /ɔ/ | а /ɒ/ | — | o /ɒ~ɔ/ |
| b | б /b/ | б /b~w/ | б /b/ | b /b/ | b /b/ |
| c | (ц /ts/) | җ /ʤ/ʓ/ | c /ʤ/ | ts /ts/ | |
| ç | — | ч /ʧ/ | ч /ʧ~ʃ/ | ç /ʧ/ | ch /ʧ/ |
| e | е /i̯ɘ/ | e, э /e/ | e /ɘ/ | e /ɛ/ | e /e/ |
| ee, ē | — | ээ /eː/ | — | — | — |
| g | г /g/ | г /g/ | г /g/ | g /g/ | g /g/ |
| ğ | ғ /ʀ/ | г /ʀ/ | г /ʀ/ | ğ /y/ː/(ʀ/) | g' /ʀ/ |
| h | һ /h/ | — | һ /h/ | h /h/ | h /h/ |
| i | і /ɘ/ | и /i/ | и /i/ | i /ɪ/ | i /ɨ/ |
| ı | ы /ə/ | ы /ɯ/ | ы /ə/ | ı /ɯ/ | — |
| j | ж /ʒ/ | ж /ʤ/ | ж /ʐ/ | j /ʒ/ | j /ʤ/ |
| k | к /k/ | к /k/ | к /k/ | k /k/ | k /k/ |
| ŋ | ң /ŋ/ | ң /ŋ/ | ң /ŋ/ | — /ŋ/ | (ng /ŋ(g)/) |
| ń/ñ | — | — | — | — | — |
| o | о /u̯ʊ/ | о /o/ | о /o/(?) | o /o/ | o' /o/ |
| ö | ө /y̯ʉ/ | ө /œ/ | ө /œ/(?) | ö /œ/ | (o' /œ/) |
| q | қ /q/ | к /q/ | к /q/ | (k /q/) | q /q/ |
| ş | ш /ʃ/ | ш /ʃ/ | ш /ʃ/ | ş /ʃ/ | sh /ʃ/ |
| u | ұ /ʊ/ | у /u/ | у /ʊ/ | u /u/ | u /u/ |
| ü | ү /ʉ/ | ү /y/ | ү /ʉ/ | ü /y/ | (u /ʉ/) |
| v | (в /v/) | в (/v/) | v /v/ | v /v/ | ||
| w | у /w/ | (уб /w/) | в /w/ | — | (v /v/) |
| x | х /χ/ | х /χ/ | х /χ/ | (h /x/) | x /χ/ |
| y | й /j/ | й /j/ | й /j/ | y /j/ | y /j/ |
Notes
- There are digraphs which aren't in the table:
- Kazakh ‹у› represents w, ıw, iw, uw, and üw.
- Various languages have ‹я›, ‹е›, ‹ё›, and ‹ю› which have y onglide and then a vowel. E.g. Tatar ‹я› represents ya and yä.
- various languages' dialectal forms have been included (in parentheses), though orthography usually assumed based on standard dialect.
- Turkish is transcribed as-is usually, which is problematic, because spelling isn't always in-line with this system, at least not in terms of correspondence to other languages (e.g. ‹c›).
- Parentheses can mean a non-native phoneme, like with "(в /v/)", or a non-native phoneme represented by a grapheme used also for a native phoneme, like with "в (/v/)". The can also mean a phoneme not normally recognised as being represented by a single orthographic convention, like "(уб /w/)", or a phoneme found only in certain dialects, and hence not distinguished orthographically in those dialects, like with "(k /q/)".
