Difference between revisions of "Turkic phonemic transcription"
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|- | |- | ||
! c | ! c | ||
− | |colspan="2" align="center"| ц /ts/ || җ /ʤ/ʓ/ || c /ʤ/ || | + | |colspan="2" align="center"| (ц /ts/) || җ /ʤ/ʓ/ || c /ʤ/ || ts /ts/ |
|- | |- | ||
! ç | ! ç | ||
Line 60: | Line 60: | ||
! ŋ | ! ŋ | ||
| ң /ŋ/ || ң /ŋ/ || ң /ŋ/ || — /ŋ/ || (ng /ŋ(g)/) | | ң /ŋ/ || ң /ŋ/ || ң /ŋ/ || — /ŋ/ || (ng /ŋ(g)/) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! ń/ñ | ||
+ | | — || — || — || — || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
! o | ! o | ||
Line 69: | Line 72: | ||
! q | ! q | ||
| қ /q/ || к /q/ || к /q/ || (k /q/) || q /q/ | | қ /q/ || к /q/ || к /q/ || (k /q/) || q /q/ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! ş | ||
+ | | ш /ʃ/ || ш /ʃ/ || ш /ʃ/ || ş /ʃ/ || sh /ʃ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! u | ! u | ||
Line 77: | Line 83: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! v | ! v | ||
− | | (в /v/) || | + | |colspan="2" align="center"| (в /v/) ||| в (/v/) | v /v/ || v /v/ |
|- | |- | ||
! w | ! w | ||
Line 95: | Line 101: | ||
* various languages' dialectal forms have been included (in parentheses), though orthography usually assumed based on standard dialect. | * various languages' dialectal forms have been included (in parentheses), though orthography usually assumed based on standard dialect. | ||
* Turkish is transcribed as-is usually, which is problematic, because spelling isn't always in-line with this system, at least not in terms of correspondence to other languages (e.g. ‹c›). | * Turkish is transcribed as-is usually, which is problematic, because spelling isn't always in-line with this system, at least not in terms of correspondence to other languages (e.g. ‹c›). | ||
+ | * Parentheses can mean a non-native phoneme, like with "(в /v/)", or a non-native phoneme represented by a grapheme used also for a native phoneme, like with "в (/v/)". The can also mean a phoneme not normally recognised as being represented by a single orthographic convention, like "(уб /w/)", or a phoneme found only in certain dialects, and hence not distinguished orthographically in those dialects, like with "(k /q/)". | ||
− | [[Category:Turkic | + | [[Category:Turkic Languages]] |
Latest revision as of 22:17, 22 September 2010
I use a version of the Turkish alphabet (more similar to the Latin alphabet used for Tatar) to represent Turkic languages phonemically. This tries to summarise the system (but is not complete yet).
orthography | Kazakh | Kyrgyz | Tatar | Turkish | Uzbek |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | а /a/ | а /ɑ/ | а /ɒ/ | а /ɑ/ | a /a/ |
ä | ә /æ/ | — /a~æ/ | ә /æ/ | (e /æ/) | a /æ/ |
aa, ā | — | аа /ɑː/ | — | ağ(a) /ɑː/ | — |
â, å | — | — /ɔ/ | а /ɒ/ | — | o /ɒ~ɔ/ |
b | б /b/ | б /b~w/ | б /b/ | b /b/ | b /b/ |
c | (ц /ts/) | җ /ʤ/ʓ/ | c /ʤ/ | ts /ts/ | |
ç | — | ч /ʧ/ | ч /ʧ~ʃ/ | ç /ʧ/ | ch /ʧ/ |
e | е /i̯ɘ/ | e, э /e/ | e /ɘ/ | e /ɛ/ | e /e/ |
ee, ē | — | ээ /eː/ | — | — | — |
g | г /g/ | г /g/ | г /g/ | g /g/ | g /g/ |
ğ | ғ /ʀ/ | г /ʀ/ | г /ʀ/ | ğ /y/ː/(ʀ/) | g' /ʀ/ |
h | һ /h/ | — | һ /h/ | h /h/ | h /h/ |
i | і /ɘ/ | и /i/ | и /i/ | i /ɪ/ | i /ɨ/ |
ı | ы /ə/ | ы /ɯ/ | ы /ə/ | ı /ɯ/ | — |
j | ж /ʒ/ | ж /ʤ/ | ж /ʐ/ | j /ʒ/ | j /ʤ/ |
k | к /k/ | к /k/ | к /k/ | k /k/ | k /k/ |
ŋ | ң /ŋ/ | ң /ŋ/ | ң /ŋ/ | — /ŋ/ | (ng /ŋ(g)/) |
ń/ñ | — | — | — | — | — |
o | о /u̯ʊ/ | о /o/ | о /o/(?) | o /o/ | o' /o/ |
ö | ө /y̯ʉ/ | ө /œ/ | ө /œ/(?) | ö /œ/ | (o' /œ/) |
q | қ /q/ | к /q/ | к /q/ | (k /q/) | q /q/ |
ş | ш /ʃ/ | ш /ʃ/ | ш /ʃ/ | ş /ʃ/ | sh /ʃ/ |
u | ұ /ʊ/ | у /u/ | у /ʊ/ | u /u/ | u /u/ |
ü | ү /ʉ/ | ү /y/ | ү /ʉ/ | ü /y/ | (u /ʉ/) |
v | (в /v/) | в (/v/) | v /v/ | v /v/ | ||
w | у /w/ | (уб /w/) | в /w/ | — | (v /v/) |
x | х /χ/ | х /χ/ | х /χ/ | (h /x/) | x /χ/ |
y | й /j/ | й /j/ | й /j/ | y /j/ | y /j/ |
Notes
- There are digraphs which aren't in the table:
- Kazakh ‹у› represents w, ıw, iw, uw, and üw.
- Various languages have ‹я›, ‹е›, ‹ё›, and ‹ю› which have y onglide and then a vowel. E.g. Tatar ‹я› represents ya and yä.
- various languages' dialectal forms have been included (in parentheses), though orthography usually assumed based on standard dialect.
- Turkish is transcribed as-is usually, which is problematic, because spelling isn't always in-line with this system, at least not in terms of correspondence to other languages (e.g. ‹c›).
- Parentheses can mean a non-native phoneme, like with "(в /v/)", or a non-native phoneme represented by a grapheme used also for a native phoneme, like with "в (/v/)". The can also mean a phoneme not normally recognised as being represented by a single orthographic convention, like "(уб /w/)", or a phoneme found only in certain dialects, and hence not distinguished orthographically in those dialects, like with "(k /q/)".