Difference between revisions of "Turkic typological features"

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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center";
 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center";
 
|+  
 
|+  
−
! language !! code !! Desonorisation? !! SCL !! *Onset/X !! Nasal harmony !! word-initial */j/
+
! language !! code !! Desonorisation? !! SCL !! *Onset/X !! Nasal harmony !!colspan="3"| word-initial */j/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Old Turkic
 
! Old Turkic
 
! atk
 
! atk
−
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no || unknown
+
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||colspan="3"| unknown
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Khalaj
 
! Khalaj
 
! klj
 
! klj
−
| || || || ||class="fem"| /j/
+
| || || || ||class="fem"  colspan="3"| /j/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Turfan Uyghur
 
! Turfan Uyghur
 
! uig-t
 
! uig-t
−
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
+
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Uyghur
 
! Uyghur
 
! uig
 
! uig
−
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
+
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Uzbek
 
! Uzbek
 
! uzb
 
! uzb
−
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
+
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Salar
 
! Salar
 
! slr
 
! slr
−
| || || || ||class="fem"| /j/
+
| || || || ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Sonkor
 
! Sonkor
 
!  
 
!  
−
| || || || ||class="no"| /∅/~/j/
+
| || || || ||class="no" colspan="3"| /∅/~/j/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Turkmen
 
! Turkmen
 
! tuk
 
! tuk
−
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
+
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Azeri
 
! Azeri
 
! aze
 
! aze
−
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"| /∅/, /j/
+
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no" colspan="3"| /∅/, /j/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Turkish
 
! Turkish
 
! tur
 
! tur
−
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
+
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Gagauz
 
! Gagauz
 
! gag
 
! gag
−
| || || || ||class="no"| /j/, /∅/
+
| || || || ||class="no" colspan="3"| /j/, /∅/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Crimean Tatar
 
! Crimean Tatar
 
! crh
 
! crh
−
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||style="background: violet;"| /ʤ/ (north), /j/~/ʤ/ (central), /j/ (south)
+
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="masc"| /ʤ/ (north) ||style="background: violet;"| /j/~/ʤ/ (central), ||class="fem"| /j/ (south)
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Karaim
 
! Karaim
 
! kdr
 
! kdr
−
| || || || ||class="no"| /j/, /∅/ (/_V<sub>[+hi]</sub>)
+
| || || || ||class="no" colspan="3"| /j/, /∅/ (/_V<sub>[+hi]</sub>)
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Kumyk
 
! Kumyk
 
! kum
 
! kum
−
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||style="background: violet;"| /j/, /ʤ/ (/_V<sub>[+hi]</sub>?)
+
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||style="background: violet;" colspan="3"| /j/, /ʤ/ (/_V<sub>[+hi]</sub>?)
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Karachay-Balkar
 
! Karachay-Balkar
 
! krc
 
! krc
−
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /ʤ/ (B,C), /ʤ/~/ʒ/ (XB), /z/~/ʤ/~/ʒ/ (M); /∅/ (?)
+
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /ʤ/ (B,C); /∅/ (?)||class="masc"| /ʤ/~/ʒ/ (XB) ||class="masc"| /z/~/ʤ/~/ʒ/ (M)
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Tatar
 
! Tatar
 
! tat
 
! tat
−
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||style="background: violet;"| /j/, /ʒ/ (/_V<sub>[+hi]</sub>)
+
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||style="background: violet;" colspan="3"| /j/, /ʒ/ (/_V<sub>[+hi]</sub>)
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Bashqort
 
! Bashqort
 
! bak
 
! bak
−
|class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
+
|class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Nogay
 
! Nogay
 
! nog
 
! nog
−
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||style="background: violet;"| /j/ ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=dagestan,+russia&sll=34.780818,47.580414&sspn=0.151426,0.336456&ie=UTF8&t=h&z=6&iwloc=A Q]), /ʒ/ ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=kuban+river&sll=45.020156,38.800964&sspn=0.502834,1.345825&ie=UTF8&ll=45.092914,38.781738&spn=2.008779,5.383301&t=h&z=8&iwloc=A A]), /ʤ/ ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=stavropol,+russia&sll=45.092914,38.781738&sspn=2.008779,5.383301&ie=UTF8&ll=45.042478,41.989746&spn=8.33606,21.533203&t=h&z=6&iwloc=A C])
+
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="fem"| /j/ ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=dagestan,+russia&sll=34.780818,47.580414&sspn=0.151426,0.336456&ie=UTF8&t=h&z=6&iwloc=A Q]) ||class="masc"| /ʒ/ ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=kuban+river&sll=45.020156,38.800964&sspn=0.502834,1.345825&ie=UTF8&ll=45.092914,38.781738&spn=2.008779,5.383301&t=h&z=8&iwloc=A A]) ||class="masc"| /ʤ/ ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=stavropol,+russia&sll=45.092914,38.781738&sspn=2.008779,5.383301&ie=UTF8&ll=45.042478,41.989746&spn=8.33606,21.533203&t=h&z=6&iwloc=A C])
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Alabugat
 
! Alabugat
 
! (nog-a)
 
! (nog-a)
−
|class="yes"|yes? ||class="no"|no? ||class="yes"|yes? ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
+
|class="yes"|yes? ||class="no"|no? ||class="yes"|yes? ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Karagash
 
! Karagash
 
! (nog-k)
 
! (nog-k)
−
|class="yes"|yes? ||class="yes"|yes? ||class="yes"|yes? ||class="yes"|yes? ||style="background: lightgreen;"| /ʧ/~/ʤ/
+
|class="yes"|yes? ||class="yes"|yes? ||class="yes"|yes? ||class="yes"|yes? ||style="background: lightgreen;" colspan="3"| /ʧ/~/ʤ/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Kazakh
 
! Kazakh
 
! kaz
 
! kaz
−
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /ʒ/
+
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc" colspan="3"| /ʒ/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Karakalpak
 
! Karakalpak
 
! kaa
 
! kaa
−
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /ʒ/
+
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc" colspan="3"| /ʒ/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Kyrgyz
 
! Kyrgyz
 
! kir
 
! kir
−
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="check"|kind of ||class="masc"| /ʤ/
+
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="check"|kind of ||class="masc" colspan="3"| /ʤ/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Altay
 
! Altay
 
! alt
 
! alt
−
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /dʲ/
+
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc" colspan="3"| /dʲ/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Khakas
 
! Khakas
 
! kjh
 
! kjh
−
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="neut"| /ʧ/
+
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="neut" colspan="3"| /ʧ/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Shor
 
! Shor
 
! cjs
 
! cjs
−
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="neut"| /ʧ/
+
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="neut" colspan="3"| /ʧ/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Chulym
 
! Chulym
 
! <s>osc</s>→clw
 
! <s>osc</s>→clw
−
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/?
+
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/?
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Tuvan
 
! Tuvan
 
! tyv
 
! tyv
−
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="neut"| /ʧ/ (/s/)
+
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="neut" colspan="3"| /ʧ/ (/s/)
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Tofalar
 
! Tofalar
 
! kim
 
! kim
−
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="neut"| /ʧ/ (/s/)
+
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="neut" colspan="3"| /ʧ/ (/s/)
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Fu-yü Gyrgys
 
! Fu-yü Gyrgys
 
! fyg
 
! fyg
−
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes || unknown ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /ʤ/
+
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes || unknown ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc" colspan="3"| /ʤ/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Sary-Yugur
 
! Sary-Yugur
 
! ybe
 
! ybe
−
| || || || ||class="fem"| /j/
+
| || || || ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Sakha
 
! Sakha
 
! sah
 
! sah
−
|class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="neut"| /s/
+
|class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="neut" colspan="3"| /s/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Dolgan
 
! Dolgan
 
! dol
 
! dol
−
| || || || ||class="neut"| /h/
+
| || || || ||class="neut" colspan="3"| /h/
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Chuvash
 
! Chuvash
 
! chv
 
! chv
−
| || || || ||style="background: lightgreen;"| */ʝ/ → /ɕ/ → /ʃ/
+
| || || || ||style="background: lightgreen;" colspan="3"| */ʝ/ → /ɕ/ → /ʃ/
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 17:55, 2 May 2009

language code Desonorisation? SCL *Onset/X Nasal harmony word-initial */j/
Old Turkic atk no no no no unknown
Khalaj klj /j/
Turfan Uyghur uig-t no no no no /j/
Uyghur uig no no no no /j/
Uzbek uzb no no no no /j/
Salar slr /j/
Sonkor /∅/~/j/
Turkmen tuk no no yes no /j/
Azeri aze no no yes no /∅/, /j/
Turkish tur no no yes no /j/
Gagauz gag /j/, /∅/
Crimean Tatar crh no no no no /ʤ/ (north) /j/~/ʤ/ (central), /j/ (south)
Karaim kdr /j/, /∅/ (/_V[+hi])
Kumyk kum no no no yes /j/, /ʤ/ (/_V[+hi]?)
Karachay-Balkar krc no no no yes /ʤ/ (B,C); /∅/ (?) /ʤ/~/ʒ/ (XB) /z/~/ʤ/~/ʒ/ (M)
Tatar tat no no no yes /j/, /ʒ/ (/_V[+hi])
Bashqort bak yes no yes no /j/
Nogay nog yes yes no yes /j/ (Q) /ʒ/ (A) /ʤ/ (C)
Alabugat (nog-a) yes? no? yes? no /j/
Karagash (nog-k) yes? yes? yes? yes? /ʧ/~/ʤ/
Kazakh kaz yes yes yes yes /ʒ/
Karakalpak kaa yes yes yes yes /ʒ/
Kyrgyz kir yes yes yes kind of /ʤ/
Altay alt yes yes yes yes /dʲ/
Khakas kjh yes yes no yes /ʧ/
Shor cjs yes yes yes yes /ʧ/
Chulym osc→clw yes yes no no /j/?
Tuvan tyv yes yes no no /ʧ/ (/s/)
Tofalar kim yes yes no no /ʧ/ (/s/)
Fu-yü Gyrgys fyg yes yes unknown yes /ʤ/
Sary-Yugur ybe /j/
Sakha sah yes no yes no /s/
Dolgan dol /h/
Chuvash chv */ʝ/ → /ɕ/ → /ʃ/
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