Comparison between Uzbek and Qaraqalpaq: Difference between revisions

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== Differences in vocabulary ==
== Differences in vocabulary ==


Some everyday vocabulary in Uzbek and Qaraqalpaq is different:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! gloss !! Uzbek !! Qaraqalpaq
|-
| ‘but’ || ammo, biroq || biraq
|-
| ‘because’ || chunki || sebebi
|-
| ‘what’ || nima || ne
|-
| ‘and’ || va, ham || jáne, hám
|-
| ‘or’ || yoki || yamasa
|-
| ‘speak’ || gapir- || sóyle-
|-
| ‘this’ || shu, ushbu || usı
|-
| ‘this’ || bu || bul
|-
| ‘that’ || osha || sol
|-
| ‘that’ || u || ol
|}


=== Helpful sound correspondences ===
=== Helpful sound correspondences ===


The main vowel correspondences are summarised in this table:
The main vowel correspondences are summarised in this table:
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|-
|-
| e ||
| e ||
|}
Some of the main consonant correspondences are summarised in this table:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Uzbek sound !! Qaraqalpaq sound !! examples
|-
|rowspan="2"| ʼ || ğ ||
|-
| ­-- ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| y || j || yaqin ≈ jaqın
|-
| y || (less common)
|}
|}

Revision as of 20:10, 13 September 2026

Overview

Phonological correspondences

Where most suffixes in literary Uzbek don't change at all, suffixes in Qaraqalpaq change based on phonological factors—i.e., depending on nearby sounds.

The place where this might be most evident is Qaraqalpaq vowel harmony.

Compare the following suffix:

meaning Uzbek form Qaraqalpaq form
Plural -lar -lAr

The Uzbek form is always -lar, but in Qaraqalpaq the A character is used to represent the fact that the sound in this position can be realised in more than one way. Compare:

meaning Uzbek form Qaraqalpaq form
‘apple-pl’ olma-lar alma-lar
‘camel-pl’ tuya-lar túye-ler

Note that the A is sometimes ‘a’ and sometimes ‘e’, based on the last vowel of the preceding word. This isn't simply because the last vowel of the preceding word is an ‘a’ and ‘e’, respectively, but because they are back and front vowels, respectively. And it also mostly doesn't matter what intervening consonants there are. Here's the full list of Qaraqalpaq vowels and how they behave with respect to this "vowel harmony":

vowel front or back example
i front tiller ‘language-pl’
e front
ú front kúnler ‘day-pl’
ó front kóller ‘lake-pl’
á usually front tánlár ‘body-pl’
a back
ı back
o back
u back

The main exception to á being front is nouns that end in á, where it acts back: gúnálar ‘sin-pl’.

[discussion of I]

[consonants: D]

[combination: G]


Differences in vocabulary

Some everyday vocabulary in Uzbek and Qaraqalpaq is different:

gloss Uzbek Qaraqalpaq
‘but’ ammo, biroq biraq
‘because’ chunki sebebi
‘what’ nima ne
‘and’ va, ham jáne, hám
‘or’ yoki yamasa
‘speak’ gapir- sóyle-
‘this’ shu, ushbu usı
‘this’ bu bul
‘that’ osha sol
‘that’ u ol

Helpful sound correspondences

The main vowel correspondences are summarised in this table:

Uzbek sound Qaraqalpaq sound examples
i i
ı
u u qul ≈ qul
ú kul ≈ kúl
oʼ o boʼl- ≈ bol- ‘be’
ó oʼmir ≈ ómir
koʼz ≈ kóz
boʼl- ≈ ból- ‘divide’
o a
á
a
a
e
e

Some of the main consonant correspondences are summarised in this table:

Uzbek sound Qaraqalpaq sound examples
ʼ ğ
­--
y j yaqin ≈ jaqın
y (less common)
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