Evolution of German: Difference between revisions
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These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands. | These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands. | ||
== Evolution == | |||
[[Image:tree.png]] | |||
== Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic == | == Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic == | ||
=== Verner's Law === | |||
{|border="1" | |||
|+voiceless | |||
| p | |||
| t | |||
| k | |||
| kʷ | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | | |||
→ | |||
|- | |||
| β/b | |||
| d/ð | |||
| ɣ/ɡ | |||
| ɣʷ/ɡʷ | |||
|} | |||
=== The first sound shift === | === The first sound shift === | ||
{|border="1" | |||
|+voiceless | |||
| p | |||
| t | |||
| k | |||
| kʷ | |||
| s | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" align="center" | | |||
→ | |||
|- | |||
| f | |||
| θ | |||
| x/h | |||
| xʷ/hʷ | |||
| s | |||
|} | |||
{|border="1" | |||
|+aspirated | |||
|- | |||
| bʰ | |||
| dʰ | |||
| ɡʰ | |||
| ɡʷʰ | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | | |||
→ | |||
|- | |||
| β/b | |||
| d/ð | |||
| ɣ/ɡ | |||
| ɣʷ/ɡʷ | |||
|} | |||
=== | {|border="1" | ||
|+voiced | |||
|- | |||
| b | |||
| d | |||
| ɡ | |||
| ɡʷ | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | | |||
→ | |||
|- | |||
| p | |||
| t | |||
| k | |||
| kʷ | |||
|} | |||
=== Stress Shift === | === Stress Shift === | ||
| Line 20: | Line 89: | ||
=== Second Sound Shift === | === Second Sound Shift === | ||
(a.k.a. Affricatisation) | (a.k.a. Affricatisation) | ||
* d → t | * d → t | ||
* β → b | |||
* ɣ → ɡ | * ɣ → ɡ | ||
Revision as of 14:31, 6 February 2006
These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands.
Evolution
Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic
Verner's Law
| p | t | k | kʷ |
|
→ | |||
| β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
The first sound shift
| p | t | k | kʷ | s |
|
→ | ||||
| f | θ | x/h | xʷ/hʷ | s |
| bʰ | dʰ | ɡʰ | ɡʷʰ |
|
→ | |||
| β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
| b | d | ɡ | ɡʷ |
|
→ | |||
| p | t | k | kʷ |
Stress Shift
Germanic to NW Germanic
- z → r
NW Germanic to West Germanic
- ð → d
Gemination
West Germanic to OHG
Second Sound Shift
(a.k.a. Affricatisation)
- d → t
- β → b
- ɣ → ɡ
