Difference between revisions of "Evolution of German"

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(The first sound shift)
(The first sound shift)
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=== The first sound shift ===
 
=== The first sound shift ===
 
Continuant options if after a vowel
 
Continuant options if after a vowel
*{|border="1"
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* {|border="1"
 
|+voiceless
 
|+voiceless
 
| p
 
| p
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|}
 
|}
  
*{|border="1"
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* {|border="1"
 
|+aspirated
 
|+aspirated
 
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|}
  
*{|border="1"
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|+voiced
 
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Revision as of 10:50, 6 February 2006

These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands.

Evolution

Tree.png

Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic

Verner's Law

voiceless
p t k

β/b d/ð ɣ/ɡ ɣʷ/ɡʷ

The first sound shift

Continuant options if after a vowel

  • {|border="1"

|+voiceless | p | t | k | kʷ | s |- | colspan="5" align="center" | → |- | f | θ | x/h | xʷ/hʷ | s |}

  • {|border="1"

|+aspirated |- | bʰ | dʰ | ɡʰ | ɡʷʰ |- | colspan="4" align="center" | → |- | β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |}

  • {|border="1"

|+voiced |- | b | d | ɡ | ɡʷ |- | colspan="4" align="center" | → |- | p | t | k | kʷ |}

Stress Shift

Germanic to NW Germanic

  • z → r

NW Germanic to West Germanic

  • ð → d

Gemination

West Germanic to OHG

Second Sound Shift

(a.k.a. Affricatisation)

  • d → t
  • β → b
  • ɣ → ɡ