Evolution of German: Difference between revisions

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=== The first sound shift ===
=== The first sound shift ===
Continuant options if after a vowel
Continuant options if after a vowel
* {|border="1"
* voiceless stops → fricatives
{|border="1"
|+voiceless
|+voiceless
| p
| p
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|}
|}


* {|border="1"
* voiced aspirated stops → voiced stops
{|border="1"
|+aspirated
|+aspirated
|-
|-
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|}
|}


* {|border="1"
* voiced stops → unvoiced stops
{|border="1"
|+voiced
|+voiced
|-
|-

Revision as of 14:52, 6 February 2006

These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands.

Evolution

Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic

Verner's Law

voiceless
p t k

β/b d/ð ɣ/ɡ ɣʷ/ɡʷ

The first sound shift

Continuant options if after a vowel

  • voiceless stops → fricatives
voiceless
p t k s

f θ x/h xʷ/hʷ s
  • voiced aspirated stops → voiced stops
aspirated
ɡʰ ɡʷʰ

β/b d/ð ɣ/ɡ ɣʷ/ɡʷ
  • voiced stops → unvoiced stops
voiced
b d ɡ ɡʷ

p t k

Stress Shift

Germanic to NW Germanic

  • z → r

NW Germanic to West Germanic

  • ð → d

Gemination

West Germanic to OHG

Second Sound Shift

(a.k.a. Affricatisation)

  • d → t
  • β → b
  • ɣ → ɡ