Evolution of German: Difference between revisions

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== Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic ==
== Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic ==
=== Verner's Law ===
=== Verner's Law ===
Continuant options if after a vowel.
* / V<sub>[-stressed]</sub> C<sub>0[+sonorant]</sub> _ {#,C<sub>[+sonorant]</sub>}
{|border="1"
{|border="1"
|+voiceless
|-
| p
| p
| t
| t

Revision as of 14:58, 6 February 2006

These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands.

Evolution

Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic

Verner's Law

Continuant options if after a vowel.

  • / V[-stressed] C0[+sonorant] _ {#,C[+sonorant]}
p t k

β/b d/ð ɣ/ɡ ɣʷ/ɡʷ

The first sound shift

Continuant options if after a vowel

  • voiceless stops → fricatives
p t k s

f θ x/h xʷ/hʷ s
  • voiced aspirated stops → voiced stops
ɡʰ ɡʷʰ

β/b d/ð ɣ/ɡ ɣʷ/ɡʷ
  • voiced stops → unvoiced stops
b d ɡ ɡʷ

p t k

Stress Shift

Germanic to NW Germanic

  • z → r

NW Germanic to West Germanic

  • ð → d

Gemination

West Germanic to OHG

Second Sound Shift

(a.k.a. Affricatisation)

  • d → t
  • β → b
  • ɣ → ɡ