Evolution of German: Difference between revisions
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=== Second Sound Shift === | === Second Sound Shift === | ||
(a.k.a. Affricatisation) | (a.k.a. Affricatisation) | ||
{|border="1" | |||
|- | |||
| p | |||
| t | |||
| k | |||
| → | |||
|- | |||
| pf | |||
| ts | |||
| kx | |||
| / {#,C} _ | |||
|- | |||
| ff | |||
| ss | |||
| xx | |||
| / {V} _ | |||
|} | |||
* d → t | And some other stuff: | ||
* d → t (except after a nasal) | |||
* β → b | * β → b | ||
* ɣ → ɡ | * ɣ → ɡ | ||
Revision as of 15:20, 6 February 2006
These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands.
Evolution
Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic
Verner's Law
Continuant options if after a vowel.
- / V[-stressed] C0[+sonorant] _ {#,C[+sonorant]}
| p | t | k | kʷ |
|
→ | |||
| β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
The first sound shift
Continuant options if after a vowel
- voiceless stops → fricatives
| p | t | k | kʷ | s |
|
→ | ||||
| f | θ | x/h | xʷ/hʷ | s |
- voiced stops → unvoiced stops
| b | d | ɡ | ɡʷ |
|
→ | |||
| p | t | k | kʷ |
- voiced aspirated stops → voiced stops
| bʰ | dʰ | ɡʰ | ɡʷʰ |
|
→ | |||
| β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
Stress Shift
Germanic to NW Germanic
- z → r
NW Germanic to West Germanic
- ð → d
Gemination
West Germanic to OHG
Second Sound Shift
(a.k.a. Affricatisation)
| p | t | k | → |
| pf | ts | kx | / {#,C} _ |
| ff | ss | xx | / {V} _ |
And some other stuff:
- d → t (except after a nasal)
- β → b
- ɣ → ɡ
