Difference between revisions of "Kazakh Syntax Topics"
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== 3rd Person in unquoted quoted speech == | == 3rd Person in unquoted quoted speech == | ||
| + | In these examples, a separate sentence is subordinated with a quotative, but it only half-way behaves like a quoted line—the pronoun used in the subordinated sentence acts like in a relative clause, but the verb agreement with it acts like it's being quoted. The question is "how can a pronoun ''disagree'' with its verb ''agreement'' morphology?" | ||
| + | |||
* Кім екенін '''мен''' білмей'''ді''' деп ойлай ма? | * Кім екенін '''мен''' білмей'''ді''' деп ойлай ма? | ||
* who ~being-ACC '''I''' know-NEG-PresPART-'''3rd''' ~as think-PresPART Q? | * who ~being-ACC '''I''' know-NEG-PresPART-'''3rd''' ~as think-PresPART Q? | ||
* Does she think '''I''' '''do'''n't know who it is? | * Does she think '''I''' '''do'''n't know who it is? | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Мүмкін '''сен''' біле'''ді''' деп ойладым. | ||
| + | * maybe '''you''' know-'''3rd''' QUOT think-PAST-1SG | ||
| + | * I thought "maybe (s)he'll know". / I thought you'd know. | ||
== Possession not mandatory for inalienable(?) things == | == Possession not mandatory for inalienable(?) things == | ||
Revision as of 05:33, 8 December 2007
These are things that I was surprised to find attested (and common!) in Kazakh, or things that are linguistically odd in some way.
Contents
3rd Person in unquoted quoted speech
In these examples, a separate sentence is subordinated with a quotative, but it only half-way behaves like a quoted line—the pronoun used in the subordinated sentence acts like in a relative clause, but the verb agreement with it acts like it's being quoted. The question is "how can a pronoun disagree with its verb agreement morphology?"
- Кім екенін мен білмейді деп ойлай ма?
- who ~being-ACC I know-NEG-PresPART-3rd ~as think-PresPART Q?
- Does she think I don't know who it is?
- Мүмкін сен біледі деп ойладым.
- maybe you know-3rd QUOT think-PAST-1SG
- I thought "maybe (s)he'll know". / I thought you'd know.
Possession not mandatory for inalienable(?) things
- "біздің қораның" instead of "біздің қорамыздың" ("our barn")
Possessed things as adjectives
- "шашы ұзын қыз" - "long haired girl"
- compare:
- қызыл түсті зат - red coloured thing
- түсі қызыл зат - its-colour red thing
бар possession problem
- ит бар адам
- dog COP man
- the man who has a/the dog
Nom/Gen variation with certain verb forms
- "Мен(ің) тамақ ішкім келеді" - I want to eat.
- "Ол мен(ің) нені көргенімді білмейді" - S/he doesn't know what I saw.
Movement in yes/no questions
- Сен көрдің бе? / Көрдің бе сен?
- (Сен) не көрдің? / *Не көрдің *(*бе) сен?
- Телефон соқтың ба сен маған кеше?
Kyrgyz's many problems
- "Мени келет деп ойлойт" - "S/he thinks that I will come"
- "Сага берем деген кыз" - "The girl you said you would give me"
