Turkic typological features: Difference between revisions
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Firespeaker (talk | contribs) nasal harmony |
Firespeaker (talk | contribs) word-initial */j/ |
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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"; | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"; | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
! language !! code !! Desonorisation? !! SCL !! *Onset/X !! Nasal harmony | ! language !! code !! Desonorisation? !! SCL !! *Onset/X !! Nasal harmony !! word-initial */j/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Old Turkic | ! Old Turkic | ||
! atk | ! atk | ||
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no | |class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no || unknown | ||
|- | |||
! Khalaj | |||
! klj | |||
| || || || ||class="fem"| /j/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Turfan Uyghur | ! Turfan Uyghur | ||
! uig-t | ! uig-t | ||
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no | |class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Uyghur | ! Uyghur | ||
! uig | ! uig | ||
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no | |class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Uzbek | ! Uzbek | ||
! uzb | ! uzb | ||
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no | |class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/ | ||
|- | |||
! Salar | |||
! slr | |||
| || || || ||class="fem"| /j/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Turkmen | ! Turkmen | ||
! tuk | ! tuk | ||
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no | |class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Azeri | ! Azeri | ||
! aze | ! aze | ||
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no | |class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"| /∅/, /j/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Turkish | ! Turkish | ||
! tur | ! tur | ||
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no | |class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/ | ||
|- | |||
! Gagauz | |||
! gag | |||
| || || || ||class="no"| /j/, /∅/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Crimean Tatar | ! Crimean Tatar | ||
! crh | ! crh | ||
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no | |class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no || | ||
|- | |||
! Karaim | |||
! | |||
| || || || ||class="no"| /j/, /ø/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Kumyk | ! Kumyk | ||
! kum | ! kum | ||
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes | |class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="fem"| /j/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Karachay-Balkar | ! Karachay-Balkar | ||
! krc | ! krc | ||
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes | |class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /ʒ/ (/ʤ/z/) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Tatar | ! Tatar | ||
! tat | ! tat | ||
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes | |class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||style="background: violet;"| /j/, /ʒ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Bashqort | ! Bashqort | ||
! bak | ! bak | ||
|class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no | |class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nogay | ! Nogay | ||
! nog | ! nog | ||
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes | |class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||style="background: violet;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Kazakh | ! Kazakh | ||
! kaz | ! kaz | ||
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes | |class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /ʒ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Karakalpak | ! Karakalpak | ||
! kaa | ! kaa | ||
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes | |class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /ʒ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Kyrgyz | ! Kyrgyz | ||
! kir | ! kir | ||
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="check"|kind of | |class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="check"|kind of ||class="masc"| /ʤ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Altay | ! Altay | ||
! alt | ! alt | ||
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes | |class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /dʲ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Khakas | ! Khakas | ||
! kjh | ! kjh | ||
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes | |class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="neut"| /ʧ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Shor | ! Shor | ||
! cjs | ! cjs | ||
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes | |class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="neut"| /ʧ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Chulym | ! Chulym | ||
! osc | ! osc | ||
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no | |class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Tuvan | ! Tuvan | ||
! tyv | ! tyv | ||
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no | |class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="neut"| /ʧ/ (/s/) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Tofalar | ! Tofalar | ||
! kim | ! kim | ||
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no | |class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="neut"| /ʧ/ (/s/) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Fu-yü Gyrgys | ! Fu-yü Gyrgys | ||
! fyg | ! fyg | ||
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes || unknown ||class="yes"|yes | |class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes || unknown ||class="yes"|yes || | ||
|- | |||
! Sary-Yugur | |||
! ybe | |||
| || || || ||class="fem"| /j/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Sakha | ! Sakha | ||
! sah | ! sah | ||
|class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no | |class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="neut"| /s/ | ||
|- | |||
! Dolgan | |||
! dol | |||
| || || || ||class="neut"| /h/ | |||
|- | |||
! Chuvash | |||
! chv | |||
| || || || ||style="background: lightgreen;"| /ɕ/ → /ʃ/ | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 06:50, 1 May 2009
| language | code | Desonorisation? | SCL | *Onset/X | Nasal harmony | word-initial */j/ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Turkic | atk | no | no | no | no | unknown |
| Khalaj | klj | /j/ | ||||
| Turfan Uyghur | uig-t | no | no | no | no | /j/ |
| Uyghur | uig | no | no | no | no | /j/ |
| Uzbek | uzb | no | no | no | no | /j/ |
| Salar | slr | /j/ | ||||
| Turkmen | tuk | no | no | yes | no | /j/ |
| Azeri | aze | no | no | yes | no | /∅/, /j/ |
| Turkish | tur | no | no | yes | no | /j/ |
| Gagauz | gag | /j/, /∅/ | ||||
| Crimean Tatar | crh | no | no | no | no | |
| Karaim | /j/, /ø/ | |||||
| Kumyk | kum | no | no | no | yes | /j/ |
| Karachay-Balkar | krc | no | no | no | yes | /ʒ/ (/ʤ/z/) |
| Tatar | tat | no | no | no | yes | /j/, /ʒ/ |
| Bashqort | bak | yes | no | yes | no | /j/ |
| Nogay | nog | yes | yes | no | yes | |
| Kazakh | kaz | yes | yes | yes | yes | /ʒ/ |
| Karakalpak | kaa | yes | yes | yes | yes | /ʒ/ |
| Kyrgyz | kir | yes | yes | yes | kind of | /ʤ/ |
| Altay | alt | yes | yes | yes | yes | /dʲ/ |
| Khakas | kjh | yes | yes | no | yes | /ʧ/ |
| Shor | cjs | yes | yes | yes | yes | /ʧ/ |
| Chulym | osc | yes | yes | no | no | |
| Tuvan | tyv | yes | yes | no | no | /ʧ/ (/s/) |
| Tofalar | kim | yes | yes | no | no | /ʧ/ (/s/) |
| Fu-yü Gyrgys | fyg | yes | yes | unknown | yes | |
| Sary-Yugur | ybe | /j/ | ||||
| Sakha | sah | yes | no | yes | no | /s/ |
| Dolgan | dol | /h/ | ||||
| Chuvash | chv | /ɕ/ → /ʃ/ |
