Turkic typological features: Difference between revisions

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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center";
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center";
|+  
|+  
! language !! code !! Desonorisation? !! SCL !! *Onset/X !! Nasal harmony !! word-initial */j/
! language !! code !! Desonorisation? !! SCL !! *Onset/X !! Nasal harmony !!colspan="3"| word-initial */j/
|-
|-
! Old Turkic
! Old Turkic
! atk
! atk
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no || unknown
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||colspan="3"| unknown
|-
|-
! Khalaj
! Khalaj
! klj
! klj
| || || || ||class="fem"| /j/
| || || || ||class="fem"  colspan="3"| /j/
|-
|-
! Turfan Uyghur
! Turfan Uyghur
! uig-t
! uig-t
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
|-
|-
! Uyghur
! Uyghur
! uig
! uig
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
|-
|-
! Uzbek
! Uzbek
! uzb
! uzb
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
|-
|-
! Salar
! Salar
! slr
! slr
| || || || ||class="fem"| /j/
| || || || ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
|-
|-
! Sonkor
! Sonkor
!  
!  
| || || || ||class="no"| /∅/~/j/
| || || || ||class="no" colspan="3"| /∅/~/j/
|-
|-
! Turkmen
! Turkmen
! tuk
! tuk
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
|-
|-
! Azeri
! Azeri
! aze
! aze
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"| /∅/, /j/
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no" colspan="3"| /∅/, /j/
|-
|-
! Turkish
! Turkish
! tur
! tur
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
|-
|-
! Gagauz
! Gagauz
! gag
! gag
| || || || ||class="no"| /j/, /∅/
| || || || ||class="no" colspan="3"| /j/, /∅/
|-
|-
! Crimean Tatar
! Crimean Tatar
! crh
! crh
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||style="background: violet;"| /ʤ/ (north), /j/~/ʤ/ (central), /j/ (south)
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="masc"| /ʤ/ (north) ||style="background: violet;"| /j/~/ʤ/ (central), ||class="fem"| /j/ (south)
|-
|-
! Karaim
! Karaim
! kdr
! kdr
| || || || ||class="no"| /j/, /∅/ (/_V<sub>[+hi]</sub>)
| || || || ||class="no" colspan="3"| /j/, /∅/ (/_V<sub>[+hi]</sub>)
|-
|-
! Kumyk
! Kumyk
! kum
! kum
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||style="background: violet;"| /j/, /ʤ/ (/_V<sub>[+hi]</sub>?)
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||style="background: violet;" colspan="3"| /j/, /ʤ/ (/_V<sub>[+hi]</sub>?)
|-
|-
! Karachay-Balkar
! Karachay-Balkar
! krc
! krc
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /ʤ/ (B,C), /ʤ/~/ʒ/ (XB), /z/~/ʤ/~/ʒ/ (M); /∅/ (?)
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /ʤ/ (B,C); /∅/ (?)||class="masc"| /ʤ/~/ʒ/ (XB) ||class="masc"| /z/~/ʤ/~/ʒ/ (M)
|-
|-
! Tatar
! Tatar
! tat
! tat
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||style="background: violet;"| /j/, /ʒ/ (/_V<sub>[+hi]</sub>)
|class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||style="background: violet;" colspan="3"| /j/, /ʒ/ (/_V<sub>[+hi]</sub>)
|-
|-
! Bashqort
! Bashqort
! bak
! bak
|class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
|class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
|-
|-
! Nogay
! Nogay
! nog
! nog
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||style="background: violet;"| /j/ ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=dagestan,+russia&sll=34.780818,47.580414&sspn=0.151426,0.336456&ie=UTF8&t=h&z=6&iwloc=A Q]), /ʒ/ ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=kuban+river&sll=45.020156,38.800964&sspn=0.502834,1.345825&ie=UTF8&ll=45.092914,38.781738&spn=2.008779,5.383301&t=h&z=8&iwloc=A A]), /ʤ/ ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=stavropol,+russia&sll=45.092914,38.781738&sspn=2.008779,5.383301&ie=UTF8&ll=45.042478,41.989746&spn=8.33606,21.533203&t=h&z=6&iwloc=A C])
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="fem"| /j/ ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=dagestan,+russia&sll=34.780818,47.580414&sspn=0.151426,0.336456&ie=UTF8&t=h&z=6&iwloc=A Q]) ||class="masc"| /ʒ/ ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=kuban+river&sll=45.020156,38.800964&sspn=0.502834,1.345825&ie=UTF8&ll=45.092914,38.781738&spn=2.008779,5.383301&t=h&z=8&iwloc=A A]) ||class="masc"| /ʤ/ ([http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=stavropol,+russia&sll=45.092914,38.781738&sspn=2.008779,5.383301&ie=UTF8&ll=45.042478,41.989746&spn=8.33606,21.533203&t=h&z=6&iwloc=A C])
|-
|-
! Alabugat
! Alabugat
! (nog-a)
! (nog-a)
|class="yes"|yes? ||class="no"|no? ||class="yes"|yes? ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/
|class="yes"|yes? ||class="no"|no? ||class="yes"|yes? ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
|-
|-
! Karagash
! Karagash
! (nog-k)
! (nog-k)
|class="yes"|yes? ||class="yes"|yes? ||class="yes"|yes? ||class="yes"|yes? ||style="background: lightgreen;"| /ʧ/~/ʤ/
|class="yes"|yes? ||class="yes"|yes? ||class="yes"|yes? ||class="yes"|yes? ||style="background: lightgreen;" colspan="3"| /ʧ/~/ʤ/
|-
|-
! Kazakh
! Kazakh
! kaz
! kaz
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /ʒ/
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc" colspan="3"| /ʒ/
|-
|-
! Karakalpak
! Karakalpak
! kaa
! kaa
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /ʒ/
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc" colspan="3"| /ʒ/
|-
|-
! Kyrgyz
! Kyrgyz
! kir
! kir
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="check"|kind of ||class="masc"| /ʤ/
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="check"|kind of ||class="masc" colspan="3"| /ʤ/
|-
|-
! Altay
! Altay
! alt
! alt
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /dʲ/
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc" colspan="3"| /dʲ/
|-
|-
! Khakas
! Khakas
! kjh
! kjh
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="neut"| /ʧ/
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="neut" colspan="3"| /ʧ/
|-
|-
! Shor
! Shor
! cjs
! cjs
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="neut"| /ʧ/
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="neut" colspan="3"| /ʧ/
|-
|-
! Chulym
! Chulym
! <s>osc</s>→clw
! <s>osc</s>→clw
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem"| /j/?
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/?
|-
|-
! Tuvan
! Tuvan
! tyv
! tyv
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="neut"| /ʧ/ (/s/)
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="neut" colspan="3"| /ʧ/ (/s/)
|-
|-
! Tofalar
! Tofalar
! kim
! kim
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="neut"| /ʧ/ (/s/)
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="no"|no ||class="neut" colspan="3"| /ʧ/ (/s/)
|-
|-
! Fu-yü Gyrgys
! Fu-yü Gyrgys
! fyg
! fyg
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes || unknown ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc"| /ʤ/
|class="yes"|yes ||class="yes"|yes || unknown ||class="yes"|yes ||class="masc" colspan="3"| /ʤ/
|-
|-
! Sary-Yugur
! Sary-Yugur
! ybe
! ybe
| || || || ||class="fem"| /j/
| || || || ||class="fem" colspan="3"| /j/
|-
|-
! Sakha
! Sakha
! sah
! sah
|class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="neut"| /s/
|class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="yes"|yes ||class="no"|no ||class="neut" colspan="3"| /s/
|-
|-
! Dolgan
! Dolgan
! dol
! dol
| || || || ||class="neut"| /h/
| || || || ||class="neut" colspan="3"| /h/
|-
|-
! Chuvash
! Chuvash
! chv
! chv
| || || || ||style="background: lightgreen;"| */ʝ/ → /ɕ/ → /ʃ/
| || || || ||style="background: lightgreen;" colspan="3"| */ʝ/ → /ɕ/ → /ʃ/
|}
|}

Revision as of 21:55, 2 May 2009

language code Desonorisation? SCL *Onset/X Nasal harmony word-initial */j/
Old Turkic atk no no no no unknown
Khalaj klj /j/
Turfan Uyghur uig-t no no no no /j/
Uyghur uig no no no no /j/
Uzbek uzb no no no no /j/
Salar slr /j/
Sonkor /∅/~/j/
Turkmen tuk no no yes no /j/
Azeri aze no no yes no /∅/, /j/
Turkish tur no no yes no /j/
Gagauz gag /j/, /∅/
Crimean Tatar crh no no no no /ʤ/ (north) /j/~/ʤ/ (central), /j/ (south)
Karaim kdr /j/, /∅/ (/_V[+hi])
Kumyk kum no no no yes /j/, /ʤ/ (/_V[+hi]?)
Karachay-Balkar krc no no no yes /ʤ/ (B,C); /∅/ (?) /ʤ/~/ʒ/ (XB) /z/~/ʤ/~/ʒ/ (M)
Tatar tat no no no yes /j/, /ʒ/ (/_V[+hi])
Bashqort bak yes no yes no /j/
Nogay nog yes yes no yes /j/ (Q) /ʒ/ (A) /ʤ/ (C)
Alabugat (nog-a) yes? no? yes? no /j/
Karagash (nog-k) yes? yes? yes? yes? /ʧ/~/ʤ/
Kazakh kaz yes yes yes yes /ʒ/
Karakalpak kaa yes yes yes yes /ʒ/
Kyrgyz kir yes yes yes kind of /ʤ/
Altay alt yes yes yes yes /dʲ/
Khakas kjh yes yes no yes /ʧ/
Shor cjs yes yes yes yes /ʧ/
Chulym osc→clw yes yes no no /j/?
Tuvan tyv yes yes no no /ʧ/ (/s/)
Tofalar kim yes yes no no /ʧ/ (/s/)
Fu-yü Gyrgys fyg yes yes unknown yes /ʤ/
Sary-Yugur ybe /j/
Sakha sah yes no yes no /s/
Dolgan dol /h/
Chuvash chv */ʝ/ → /ɕ/ → /ʃ/
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