Difference between revisions of "Kazakh a~ɯ problem"

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(→‎Functional Morphemes)
(→‎Functional Morphemes)
Line 24: Line 24:
 
** Kg: -BI
 
** Kg: -BI
 
** Uz: -mi
 
** Uz: -mi
−
** Uy: -mu
+
** Uy: -mu (but Kashgar dial. '-ma', trad. interpreted as '-mu' + '-a' [emph. part.])
 
** Tk: -mI
 
** Tk: -mI
 
** (PrTk, most other Turkic: -mI)
 
** (PrTk, most other Turkic: -mI)

Revision as of 15:08, 29 September 2009

Surface vs written forms

The following words I've heard pronounced in the following ways:

  • jaqsı [ʒɑχsɑ]
  • balıqşı [bɑlɯqʃɑ]
  • Kg: taraza [tɑrɑzɯ]
  • Kz: "Sol durıssız ba?" [sʷʊl dʊˈrɑsɯz̥ pɑ]

Cognates

Vocab

  • Kk: qattı 'strong'; Uz: qatta 'big'
  • Kk: injir 'fig'; Uz: änjir 'fig'
  • Kk: pikir 'poor'; fakir 'beggar'
  • Kk: sayasat 'politics'; siyasät
  • Kk: ustara 'razor'; ustura; Ky/Uz: ustara
  • Kk: qaya; Tt: qıya
  • Kk: ara 'bee, wasp'; Ky: aarı (but Kk: ara 'saw'; Ky: araa)
  • Kk: jı(l)mıy- ‘smile’; Ky: jılmay-; Uz: jilmay- (iljay-)
  • Kk: janat ‘raccoon’; Ky: janut
  • Ky: qoşuna ‘neighbour’; Uz: qoshni

Functional Morphemes

  • Question Particle:
    • Kz: MA
    • Kg: -BI
    • Uz: -mi
    • Uy: -mu (but Kashgar dial. '-ma', trad. interpreted as '-mu' + '-a' [emph. part.])
    • Tk: -mI
    • (PrTk, most other Turkic: -mI)
  • 1st person singular copula / present-tense verbal "agreement":
    • Kk: -MIn
    • Kg: -MIn
    • Kaa: -MAn
    • Uz: -man
    • (*män~bän)
  • 2nd person singular copula / present-tense verbal "agreement":
    • Kk: -sIŋ
    • Kg: -sIŋ
    • Kaa: -sAn(?)
    • Uz: -san
    • (*sän)
  • "What about..?" particle:
    • Kk: -şI, -şe (with pronouns)?
    • Ky: -çI
    • Uy: -çu

Russian vs. Kazakh

Kazakh/Russian versions of the same words (toponyms, mostly):

  • Kz: Qarağandı, Ru: Karagandá
  • Kz: Almatı, Ru: Almatá/Almatý
  • Kz: Jambıl/Jambal??, Ru: Jambýl
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