Difference between revisions of "PIE Obstruents"

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Line 29: Line 29:
 
| ''Gmc.'' *a'''p'''la- || ''Lat.'' '''m'''alum || || ||
 
| ''Gmc.'' *a'''p'''la- || ''Lat.'' '''m'''alum || || ||
 
| ''OIr.'' u'''b'''ull || *a'''b'''lu || || *ā'''b'''lu-, *je'''m'''el- || *ā'''b'''ōl || ''Alb'' '''m'''ollë
 
| ''OIr.'' u'''b'''ull || *a'''b'''lu || || *ā'''b'''lu-, *je'''m'''el- || *ā'''b'''ōl || ''Alb'' '''m'''ollë
−
| ''Tk.'' *al'''m'''a || ''Mgl.'' *ali'''m'''
+
| ''Tk.'' *al'''m'''a || *ali'''m'''a
 
|-
 
|-
 
! rowspan="2" | bʰ
 
! rowspan="2" | bʰ
Line 124: Line 124:
 
| || || ''Taj.'' '''m'''ed- || ''Rus'' '''v'''ʲidʲe- || ||
 
| || || ''Taj.'' '''m'''ed- || ''Rus'' '''v'''ʲidʲe- || ||
 
|  || ''Mgl.'' *'''m'''ed(e?)-
 
|  || ''Mgl.'' *'''m'''ed(e?)-
 +
|}
 +
 +
== Germanic notes ==
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|- style="text-align: center;"
 +
! PIE
 +
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|*p}}
 +
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|*t}}
 +
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|*k}}
 +
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|*kʷ}}
 +
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|*s}}
 +
|- style="text-align: center;"
 +
! PrePG
 +
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|*pʰ}}
 +
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|*tʰ}}
 +
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|*kʰ}}
 +
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|*kʷʰ}}
 +
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|*s}}
 +
|- style="text-align: center;"
 +
! Verner
 +
| {{IPA|*pʰ}}
 +
! {{IPA|*bʱ}}
 +
| {{IPA|*tʰ}}
 +
! {{IPA|*dʱ}}
 +
| {{IPA|*kʰ}}
 +
! {{IPA|*ɡʱ}}
 +
| {{IPA|*kʷʰ}}
 +
! {{IPA|*ɡʷʱ}}
 +
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| {{IPA|*s}}
 +
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"| {{IPA|*z}}
 +
|- style="text-align: center;"
 +
! Grimm
 +
| {{IPA|*ɸ}}
 +
! {{IPA|*β}}
 +
| {{IPA|*θ}}
 +
! {{IPA|*ð}}
 +
| {{IPA|*x}}
 +
! {{IPA|*ɣ}}
 +
| {{IPA|*xʷ}}
 +
! {{IPA|*ɣʷ}}
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 22:36, 22 September 2016

Group A Group B Group C ? ?
Tokharian Hittite Germanic Italic Greek Indic Armenian Celtic Iranian Slavic Baltic Albanian Turkic Mongolic
p OE fæder Lat. pater Gk. patēr Skt. pitṛ Arm. hayr Taj. padar Tk. *ata
OE feor Lat. per Gk. pera Skt. paras Arm. heṙow Tk. *beri
b TB māla Luv. šamlu- Gmc. *apla- Lat. malum OIr. ubull *ablu *āblu-, *jemel- *ābōl Alb mollë Tk. *alma *alima
bʰ Gth. bɛr- Lat. fer- Gk. pʰer- OInd. bʰár- Arm. ber- OIr. bir- Taj. bar- OCS ber- Alb bie Tk. ber-
Eng. bake Tk. bış-
t
d TA tam, TB täm OE timber Lat. domus Gk. domos Skt. dama Arm. town Rus. dom Tk. tām
dʰ OE dor Lat. fores Gk. tʰura Skt. dvār Arm. dowṙ Taj. dar Rus. dvʲerʲ Tk. tȫr
ḱ TA śäk, TB śak Gth. tɛhun Lat. decem Gk. déka OInd. dáśa Arm. tasn OIr. deich Taj. dah OCS desętı̆ OPr des-? Alb djëte
Hit. kardi- OE heorte Lat. cor(d)- Gk. kardia Skt. hŗdaya Arm. sirt Rus. sʲerdʦe
OE eahta Lat. octō Gk. oktō Skt. aşţa Arm. owt Taj. haʃt
TA yuk, TB yakwe Hit. aswa, asu Gth. ēhwa Lat. equus Gk. hippos OInd. aśva Arm. ēš OIr. ech Gaul. epo- Taj. asp OLth. ašvà Tk. *yük, *eşek? Mgl. *iljig?
ǵ
ǵʰ OHG gans Lat. (h)ānser Gk. kʰḗn OIr. gēiss Taj. (ʁoz) Slv (*gõsĭ) Lth. žąsìs, Ltv. zùoss, OPr sansy Tk. *qāz
k
g
gʰ
kʷ TB okso Gth. ɔχsus OInd. ukşā́ MIr. oss *uxen Alb ka Tk. *öküz Mgl. *üker
OE ēge Lat. oculus Gk. opʰtʰalmos Skt. akşan Arm. ačkʰ Tk. uq-
gʷ TA śäm, TB śana Hit *kuwanz Gth. kʷino Gk. gyné OInd. gnā Arm. kin OIr. ben Taj. zan OCS ʒená- Alb zonjë
TA ko, TB kau O.S. kō Lat. bō-, bov- Gk. bous OInd. gáuh. Arm. kov OIr. bó OWlsh buch *govędo Ltv. gùovs *kʷo Alb. kau
gʷʰ OE wearm Lat. formus Gk. tʰermos Skt. gʰarma Arm. ʤerm Taj. garm Rus. ʒar-
w OE wit- Lat. vide- Gk. eide- Skt. vid Arm. git(e?) Taj. med- Rus vʲidʲe- Mgl. *med(e?)-

Germanic notes

PIE *p *t *k *kʷ *s
PrePG *pʰ *tʰ *kʰ *kʷʰ *s
Verner *pʰ *bʱ *tʰ *dʱ *kʰ *ɡʱ *kʷʰ *ɡʷʱ *s *z
Grimm *ɸ *β *θ *ð *x *ɣ *xʷ *ɣʷ
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