Difference between revisions of "PIE Obstruents"
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! Grimm | ! Grimm | ||
| {{IPA|*b}} | | {{IPA|*b}} | ||
| − | + | | {{IPA|*d}} | |
| {{IPA|*g}} | | {{IPA|*g}} | ||
| − | + | | {{IPA|*gʷ}} | |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 186: | Line 186: | ||
! PIE | ! PIE | ||
| {{IPA|*b}} | | {{IPA|*b}} | ||
| − | + | | {{IPA|*d}} | |
| {{IPA|*g}} | | {{IPA|*g}} | ||
| − | + | | {{IPA|*gʷ}} | |
|- style="text-align: center;" | |- style="text-align: center;" | ||
! Grimm | ! Grimm | ||
| {{IPA|*p}} | | {{IPA|*p}} | ||
| − | + | | {{IPA|*t}} | |
| {{IPA|*k}} | | {{IPA|*k}} | ||
| − | + | | {{IPA|*kʷ}} | |
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 23:19, 22 September 2016
| Group A | Group B | Group C | ? | ? | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tokharian | Hittite | Germanic | Italic | Greek | Indic | Armenian | Celtic | Iranian | Slavic | Baltic | Albanian | Turkic | Mongolic | ||
| p | OE fæder | Lat. pater | Gk. patēr | Skt. pitṛ | Arm. hayr | Taj. padar | Tk. *ata | ||||||||
| OE feor | Lat. per | Gk. pera | Skt. paras | Arm. heṙow | Tk. *beri | ||||||||||
| b | TB māla | Luv. šamlu- | Gmc. *apla- | Lat. malum | OIr. ubull | *ablu | *āblu-, *jemel- | *ābōl | Alb mollë | Tk. *alma | *alima | ||||
| bʰ | Gth. bɛr- | Lat. fer- | Gk. pʰer- | OInd. bʰár- | Arm. ber- | OIr. bir- | Taj. bar- | OCS ber- | Alb bie | Tk. ber- | |||||
| Eng. bake | Tk. bış- | ||||||||||||||
| t | |||||||||||||||
| d | TA tam, TB täm | OE timber | Lat. domus | Gk. domos | Skt. dama | Arm. town | Rus. dom | Tk. tām | |||||||
| dʰ | TB twere | OE dor | Lat. fores | Gk. tʰurā | Skt. dvār Avst. dvarəm |
Arm. dowṙ | OIr. dorus | Taj. dar | OCS dvɪri Rus. dvʲerʲ |
Tk. tȫr | |||||
| ḱ | TA śäk, TB śak | Gth. tɛhun | Lat. decem | Gk. déka | OInd. dáśa | Arm. tasn | OIr. deich | Taj. dah | OCS desętı̆ | OPr des-? | Alb djëte | ||||
| Hit. kardi- | OE heorte | Lat. cor(d)- | Gk. kardia | Skt. hŗdaya | Arm. sirt | Rus. sʲerdʦe | |||||||||
| OE eahta | Lat. octō | Gk. oktō | Skt. aşţa | Arm. owt | Taj. haʃt | ||||||||||
| TA yuk, TB yakwe | Hit. aswa, asu | Gth. ēhwa | Lat. equus | Gk. hippos | OInd. aśva | Arm. ēš | OIr. ech | Gaul. epo- | Taj. asp | OLth. ašvà | Tk. *yük, *eşek? | Mgl. *iljig? | |||
| ǵ | |||||||||||||||
| ǵʰ | OHG gans | Lat. (h)ānser | Gk. kʰḗn | OIr. gēiss | Taj. (ʁoz) | Slv (*gõsĭ) | Lth. žąsìs, Ltv. zùoss, OPr sansy | Tk. *qāz | |||||||
| k | |||||||||||||||
| g | |||||||||||||||
| gʰ | |||||||||||||||
| kʷ | TB okso | Gth. ɔχsus | OInd. ukşā́ | MIr. oss | *uxen | Alb ka | Tk. *öküz | Mgl. *üker | |||||||
| OE ēge | Lat. oculus | Gk. opʰtʰalmos | Skt. akşan | Arm. ačkʰ | Tk. uq- | ||||||||||
| gʷ | TA śäm, TB śana | Hit *kuwanz | Gth. kʷino | Gk. gyné | OInd. gnā | Arm. kin | OIr. ben | Taj. zan | OCS ʒená- | Alb zonjë | |||||
| TA ko, TB kau | O.S. kō | Lat. bō-, bov- | Gk. bous | OInd. gáuh. | Arm. kov | OIr. bó | OWlsh buch | *govędo | Ltv. gùovs | *kʷo Alb. kau | |||||
| gʷʰ | OE wearm | Lat. formus | Gk. tʰermos | Skt. gʰarma | Arm. ʤerm | Taj. garm | Rus. ʒar- | ||||||||
| w | OE wit- | Lat. vide- | Gk. eide- | Skt. vid | Arm. git(e?) | Taj. med- | Rus vʲidʲe- | Mgl. *med(e?)- | |||||||
Germanic notes
| PIE | *p | *t | *k | *kʷ | *s | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PrePG | *pʰ | *tʰ | *kʰ | *kʷʰ | *s | |||||
| Verner | *pʰ | *bʱ | *tʰ | *dʱ | *kʰ | *ɡʱ | *kʷʰ | *ɡʷʱ | *s | *z |
| Grimm | *ɸ | *β | *θ | *ð | *x | *ɣ | *xʷ | *ɣʷ | ||
| PIE | *bʰ | *dʰ | *gʰ | *gʷʰ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grimm | *b | *d | *g | *gʷ |
| PIE | *b | *d | *g | *gʷ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grimm | *p | *t | *k | *kʷ |
