Tæĺf

Sound changes from Tēlvo

What changed

• noun & verb pre- and post-bound forms for 2, 3, 4, and 5 phoneme radicals.

The changes

Tæĺf

• o → u / __ X_[+labial]
• unstressed short vowels reduce:

1	2
a	ɐ
o	ə
e
i	ʉ/ɨ
y
u

• reduced vowels disappear, diphthongise
  • {ə,ʉ,ɐ} → ∅ / __ #
  • {ʉ,ə} → {ʉu̯,əu̯} / __ ]_σ
• In stressed syllables, long vowels shifted down; long low vowels diphthongised:

1	2
ī	ē
ē	ǣ
ā	au̯
ō	ā
ū	ō

• Long vowels shorten in a closed syllable
  • Vː → [-long] / __ C₁]_σ
  • ī → i, ē → e, ǣ → æ, ā → a, ō → o, ū → u
• non-sonorant consonants devoice at the end of a word
  • C_[-son] → [-voice] / __ #
• consonants devoice before a devoiced consonant (/sound)
  • C → [-voice] / __ C_[-voice]
• non-coronal (dental/alveolar) fricatives become stops word-finally when after a vowel or voiced sonorant
  • C_[-coronal] → [+stop] / V __ #
  • C_[-coronal] → [+stop] / C[+son,+vc] __ #
• voiced non-nasal labials and velars (non-coronals) become approximants
  • C_{[+cons,-cor,-nas,+vc]} → [+approx]
  • {u̯,v,w} → w
  • g → ɣ
• some things become stops at the beginning of syllables:
  • ɣ,ŋ → g / _σ[ __
  • w → b / _σ[ __
• some things become stops at the end of words or syllables:
  • w → p / __ #
• big changes in codas:
  • l → o̯ / V __ C₀ ]_σ
  • {k,g,z} → {x,ɣ,j} / {V,C_[+son]} __ C₁ ]_σ
  • C_[+stop,-vc] → [-stop] / __ C₁ ]_σ
• continual process of devoicing reapplies to fix recent problems
  • {o̯,w} → f / __ C_[-vc]
• beginning of words starting with vowels acquire an h, if vowel is long, vowel shortens:
  • V → [-long] / # __
  • ∅ → h / # __ V