Evolution of German

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Revision as of 10:54, 6 February 2006 by Firespeaker (talk | contribs) (The first sound shift)
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These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands.

Evolution

Tree.png

Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic

Verner's Law

voiceless
p t k

β/b d/ð ɣ/ɡ ɣʷ/ɡʷ

The first sound shift

Continuant options if after a vowel

  • voiceless stops → fricatives
p t k s

f θ x/h xʷ/hʷ s
  • voiced aspirated stops → voiced stops
ɡʰ ɡʷʰ

β/b d/ð ɣ/ɡ ɣʷ/ɡʷ
  • voiced stops → unvoiced stops
b d ɡ ɡʷ

p t k

Stress Shift

Germanic to NW Germanic

  • z → r

NW Germanic to West Germanic

  • ð → d

Gemination

West Germanic to OHG

Second Sound Shift

(a.k.a. Affricatisation)

  • d → t
  • β → b
  • ɣ → ɡ