PIE Obstruents

	Group A		Group B					Group C						?	?
	Tokharian	Hittite	Germanic	Italic	Greek	Indic	Armenian	Celtic		Iranian	Slavic	Baltic	Albanian	Turkic	Mongolic
p			OE fæder	Lat. pater	Gk. patēr	Skt. pitṛ	Arm. hayr			Taj. padar				Tk. *ata
			OE feor	Lat. per	Gk. pera	Skt. paras	Arm. heṙow							Tk. *beri
	TA/TB päk-		Eng. bake	Lat. coc-	Gk. pep-	OInd. pacati Av. pačaiti		OIr. cuch-			OCS peš-tь			Tk. bış-
b	TB māla	Luv. šamlu-	Gmc. *apla-	Lat. malum				OIr. ubull	*ablu		*āblu-, *jemel-	*ābōl	Alb mollë	Tk. *alma	*alima
bʰ			Gth. bɛr-	Lat. fer-	Gk. pʰer-	OInd. bʰár-	Arm. ber-	OIr. bir-		Taj. bar-	OCS ber-		Alb bie	Tk. ber-
t
d	TA tam, TB täm		OE timber	Lat. domus	Gk. domos	Skt. dama	Arm. town				Rus. dom			Tk. tām
dʰ	TB twere		OE dor	Lat. fores	Gk. tʰurā	Skt. dvār Avst. dvarəm	Arm. dowṙ	OIr. dorus		Taj. dar	OCS dvɪri Rus. dvʲerʲ			Tk. tȫr
ḱ	TA śäk, TB śak		Gth. tɛhun	Lat. decem	Gk. déka	OInd. dáśa	Arm. tasn	OIr. deich		Taj. dah	OCS desętı̆	OPr des-?	Alb djëte
		Hit. kardi-	OE heorte	Lat. cor(d)-	Gk. kardia	Skt. hŗdaya	Arm. sirt				Rus. sʲerdʦe
			OE eahta	Lat. octō	Gk. oktō	Skt. aşţa	Arm. owt			Taj. haʃt
	TA yuk, TB yakwe	Hit. aswa, asu	Gth. ēhwa	Lat. equus	Gk. hippos	OInd. aśva	Arm. ēš	OIr. ech	Gaul. epo-	Taj. asp		OLth. ašvà
ǵ
ǵʰ			OHG gans	Lat. (h)ānser	Gk. kʰḗn			OIr. gēiss		Taj. (ʁoz)	Slv (*gõsĭ)	Lth. žąsìs, Ltv. zùoss, OPr sansy		Tk. *qāz
k
g
gʰ
kʷ	TB okso		Gth. ɔχsus			OInd. ukşā́		MIr. oss	*uxen				Alb ka	PTk. *öküz	PMgl. *üker
			OE ēge	Lat. oculus	Gk. opʰtʰalmos	Skt. akşan	Arm. ačkʰ							Tk. uq-
gʷ	TA śäm, TB śana	Hit *kuwanz	Gth. kʷino		Gk. gyné	OInd. gnā	Arm. kin	OIr. ben		Taj. zan	OCS ʒená-		Alb zonjë
	TA ko, TB kau		O.S. kō	Lat. bō-, bov-	Gk. bous	OInd. gáuh.	Arm. kov	OIr. bó	OWlsh buch		*govędo	Ltv. gùovs	*kʷo Alb. kau
gʷʰ			OE wearm	Lat. formus	Gk. tʰermos	Skt. gʰarma	Arm. ʤerm			Taj. garm	Rus. ʒar-
w			OE wit-	Lat. vide-	Gk. eide-	Skt. vid	Arm. git(e?)				Rus vʲidʲe-				PMgl. *med(e?)-

Germanic notes

PIE	*p		*t		*k		*kʷ		*s
PrePG	*pʰ		*tʰ		*kʰ		*kʷʰ		*s
Verner	*pʰ	*bʱ	*tʰ	*dʱ	*kʰ	*ɡʱ	*kʷʰ	*ɡʷʱ	*s	*z
Grimm	*ɸ	*β	*θ	*ð	*x	*ɣ	*xʷ	*ɣʷ

PIE	*bʰ	*dʰ	*gʰ	*gʷʰ
Grimm	*b	*d	*g	*gʷ

PIE	*b	*d	*g	*gʷ
Grimm	*p	*t	*k	*kʷ