|
This page is a work in progress.
You may find the information here useful, but be aware that it is far from its final form. This means it hasn't been fully copy-edited either and's likely to have a lot of mistakes or factual inaccuracies.
If you have knowledge about this topic, or notice a mistake, please feel free to help out by clicking edit.
|
This is meant as a quick and dirty side-by-side comparison of Kazakh and Kyrgyz morphology, intended for speakers or learners of one language who want to learn about the other. More resources for such people can be found on the Differences between Kazakh and Kyrgyz page.
Person Agreement
Pronouns
Kyrgyz
Personal pronouns
| Kyrgyz |
English
|
| Мен |
I
|
| Сен |
You (singular informal)
|
| Сиз |
You (singular formal)
|
| Ал |
He/She/It
|
| Биз |
We
|
| Силер |
You (plural informal)
|
| Сиздер |
You (plural formal)
|
| Алар |
They
|
|
Kazakh
Personal pronouns
| Kyrgyz |
English
|
| Мен |
I
|
| Сен |
You (singular informal)
|
| Сіз |
You (singular formal)
|
| Ол |
He/She/It
|
| Біз |
We
|
| Сендер |
You (plural informal)
|
| Сіздер |
You (plural formal)
|
| Олар |
They
|
|
Other than the differences in form, there're a few differences in useage of the pronouns. These mainly include the following:
- In Kazakh, when addressing a single person you'd address with сен, but including in the address people you'd address as сіз, the default is to use сіздер. In Kyrgyz, the default is to use силер.
- In Kazakh, біздер is often used in addition to біз. (My theory is that біздер is an inclusive pronoun while біз is exclusive, but this needs to be investigated.)
- In Kyrgyz, силер may be used to address a single person informally, but to still convey a sense of respect. This is used especially by younger people to address older people within families and in social settings.
Case forms
Kyrgyz
Declension of мен
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
мен
|
| Accusative
|
мени
|
| Genitive
|
менин
|
| Locative
|
менде
|
| Dative
|
менден
|
| Ablative
|
мага
|
| Commitative
|
мен(и) менен
|
Declension of сен
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
сен
|
| Accusative
|
сени
|
| Genitive
|
сенин
|
| Locative
|
сенде
|
| Dative
|
сенден
|
| Ablative
|
сага
|
| Commitative
|
сен(и) менен
|
Declension of сиз
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
сиз
|
| Accusative
|
сизди
|
| Genitive
|
сиздин
|
| Locative
|
сизде
|
| Dative
|
сизден
|
| Ablative
|
сизге
|
| Commitative
|
сиз менен
|
Declension of ал
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
ал
|
| Accusative
|
аны
|
| Genitive
|
анын
|
| Locative
|
анда
|
| Dative
|
ан(д)ан
|
| Ablative
|
ага
|
| Commitative
|
аны менен
|
Declension of биз
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
биз
|
| Accusative
|
бизди
|
| Genitive
|
биздин
|
| Locative
|
бизде
|
| Dative
|
бизден
|
| Ablative
|
бизге
|
| Commitative
|
биз менен
|
Declension of силер
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
силер
|
| Accusative
|
силерди
|
| Genitive
|
силердин
|
| Locative
|
силерде
|
| Dative
|
силерден
|
| Ablative
|
силерге
|
| Commitative
|
силер менен
|
Declension of сиздер
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
сиздер
|
| Accusative
|
сиздерди
|
| Genitive
|
сиздердин
|
| Locative
|
сиздерде
|
| Dative
|
сиздерден
|
| Ablative
|
сиздерге
|
| Commitative
|
сиздер менен
|
Declension of алар
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
алар
|
| Accusative
|
аларды
|
| Genitive
|
алардын
|
| Locative
|
аларда
|
| Dative
|
алардан
|
| Ablative
|
аларга
|
| Commitative
|
алар менен
|
|
Kazakh
Declension of мен
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
мен
|
| Accusative
|
мені
|
| Genitive
|
менің
|
| Locative
|
менде
|
| Dative
|
менен
|
| Ablative
|
маған
|
| Commitative
|
менімен
|
Declension of сен
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
сен
|
| Accusative
|
сені
|
| Genitive
|
сенің
|
| Locative
|
сенде
|
| Dative
|
сенен
|
| Ablative
|
саған
|
| Commitative
|
сенімен
|
Declension of сіз
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
сіз
|
| Accusative
|
сізді
|
| Genitive
|
сіздің
|
| Locative
|
сізде
|
| Dative
|
сізден
|
| Ablative
|
сізге
|
| Commitative
|
сізбен
|
Declension of ол
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
ол
|
| Accusative
|
оны
|
| Genitive
|
оның
|
| Locative
|
онда
|
| Dative
|
онан
|
| Ablative
|
оған
|
| Commitative
|
онымен
|
Declension of біз
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
біз
|
| Accusative
|
бізді
|
| Genitive
|
біздің
|
| Locative
|
бізде
|
| Dative
|
бізден
|
| Ablative
|
бізге
|
| Commitative
|
бізбен
|
Declension of сендер
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
сендер
|
| Accusative
|
сендерді
|
| Genitive
|
сендердің
|
| Locative
|
сендерде
|
| Dative
|
сендерден
|
| Ablative
|
сендерге
|
| Commitative
|
сендермен
|
Declension of сіздер
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
сіздер
|
| Accusative
|
сіздерді
|
| Genitive
|
сіздердің
|
| Locative
|
сіздерде
|
| Dative
|
сіздерден
|
| Ablative
|
сіздерге
|
| Commitative
|
сіздермен
|
Declension of олар
| case |
form
|
| Nominative
|
олар
|
| Accusative
|
оларды
|
| Genitive
|
олардың
|
| Locative
|
оларда
|
| Dative
|
олардан
|
| Ablative
|
оларға
|
| Commitative
|
олармен
|
|
Agreement
Kyrgyz
Morphemes indicating person
|
pronouns |
copulas |
present tense |
possessive endings |
past/conditional |
imperative
|
| 1st sg
|
мен |
-mIn |
-Ăm(In) |
-(I)m |
-(I)m |
-(A)yIN
|
| 2nd sg
|
сен |
-sIŋ |
-ĂsIŋ |
-(I)ŋ |
-(I)ŋ |
—, -GIn
|
| 2nd formal sg
|
сиз |
-sIz |
-ĂsIz |
-(I)ŋIz |
-(I)ŋIz |
-GIlA
|
| 3rd sg
|
ал/ол |
— |
-Ăt |
-(s)I(n) |
— |
-sIn
|
| 1st pl
|
биз |
-BIz |
-ĂßIz |
-(I)BIz |
-(I)K |
-(A)lI(K) -(A)ylI(K)
|
| 2nd pl
|
силер |
-sIŋAr |
-ĂsIŋAr |
-(I)ŋAr |
-(I)ŋAr |
-GIlA
|
| 2nd formal pl
|
сиздер |
-sIzdAr |
-ĂsIzdAr |
-(I)ŋIzdAr |
-(I)nIzdAr |
-GIlA
|
| 3rd pl
|
алар/олор |
— |
-(I)şAt |
-(s)I(n) |
-(I)ş- |
-sIn, -IşsIn
|
|
Kazakh
|
