Turkic semantic shifts
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go verbs
| language | *bar- | *ket- | *yet- | *teg- | *adr-ıl- |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turkish | var- "reach, get to" | git- "go, leave" | yet- "be enough" | değ- "touch" | ayrıl- "leave; get divorced" |
| Kyrgyz | bar- "go" | ket- "leave" | jet- "reach, be enough" | tiy- "touch" | ayrıl- "be torn" |
think verbs
| language | *oy-la- | *tüşün- | *aŋ-la- |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turkish | oyla- "vote on" | düşün- "think" | anla- "understand" |
| Kyrgyz | oylo- "think" | tüşün- "understand" |
speak verbs
| language | *ay-ıt- | *seb-le- | *konu-ş- | *te- |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turkish | ayıt- "state, tell" | söyle- "say" | konuş- "speak" | de- (quot) |
| Kyrgyz | ayt- "say" | söylö- "speak" | de- (quot) |
milk derivatives
| language | milk | yoghurt | yoghurt drink | strained yoghurt | *süz-me | *qurut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turkish | süt (*sǖt) | ayran | süzme yoğur | |||
| Kyrgyz | süt (*sǖt) | ayran | çalap | süzmö |
pass/cross verbs
| language | *keç- | *öt- |
|---|---|---|
| Turkish | geç- "cross, pass" | |
| Kyrgyz | keç- "cross" | öt- "pass" |
choose verbs
| language | *seç- | (taŋla-) |
|---|---|---|
| Turkish | seç- "choose" | |
| Kyrgyz | çeç- "choose" | tanda- "select" |
consider words
| language | (say-lA-) | (say-) | *san-a- | *san | (hesab-lA-) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turkish | sayla- "choose" (?) | say- "consider" | ||||
| Kyrgyz | şayla- "vote, elect" | sana- "count, consider" | san "number" | esepte- "count, consider" | ||
| Qaraqlpaq | sayla- "vote, elect, choose" |
hear/listen words
| language | *tuy- | *uq- | *tıŋla- | *eşit- |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turkish | duy- "hear" | dinle- "listen" | ||
| Kazakh | uq- "listen/understand" | tıŋda- "listen" | esti- "hear" | |
| Kyrgyz | tuy- "sense" | uq- "hear, listen, listen/understand" | tıŋşa- "listen in on" | — |
