Unami verbs: Difference between revisions
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Firespeaker (talk | contribs) →Transitive Inanimate: minor fix:wq |
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| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix"> | | <span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ùk</span> | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 216: | Line 216: | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! singular object !! plural object | ! !! singular object !! plural object !! indef object | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person sg | ! 1st person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person sg | ! 2nd person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person sg | ! 3nd person sg | ||
| <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl exclusive | ! 1st person pl exclusive | ||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | | <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | | <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">humëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl inclusive | ! 1st person pl inclusive | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">humëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person pl | ! 2nd person pl | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">humo</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person pl | ! 3nd person pl | ||
| <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ùk</span> | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 251: | Line 258: | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! singular object !! plural object | ! !! singular object !! plural object !! indef object | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person sg | ! 1st person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span> | | <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span> | | <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person sg | ! 2nd person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person sg | ! 3nd person sg | ||
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span> | ||
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span> | ||
| <span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl exclusive | ! 1st person pl exclusive | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nën</span> | | <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nëna</span> | | <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">hëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl inclusive | ! 1st person pl inclusive | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nën</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nëna</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">hëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person pl | ! 2nd person pl | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">hëmo</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person pl | ! 3nd person pl | ||
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">wàk</span> | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 286: | Line 300: | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! singular object !! plural object | ! !! singular object !! plural object !! indef object | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person sg | ! 1st person sg | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person sg | ! 2nd person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person sg | ! 3nd person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl exclusive | ! 1st person pl exclusive | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | | <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | | <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">humëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl inclusive | ! 1st person pl inclusive | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">humëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person pl | ! 2nd person pl | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">humo</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person pl | ! 3nd person pl | ||
| <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ùk</span> | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! singular object !! plural object !! indef object | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person sg | |||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">n</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">michi</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd person sg | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">n</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">na</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 3nd person sg | |||
| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>ichi</span><span class="affix">n</span> | |||
| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>ichi</span><span class="affix">na</span> | |||
| <span class="root">mich</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person pl exclusive | |||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">nën</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">nëna</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">hëna</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person pl inclusive | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">nën</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">nëna</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">hëna</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd person pl | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">hëmo</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 3nd person pl | |||
| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>ichi</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | |||
| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>ichi</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | |||
| <span class="root">mich</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">wàk</span> | |||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 03:21, 14 March 2025
Intransitive Descriptive
Predicative
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 3rd inan | aone | aoneyo |
| 3rd anim | aonsu | aonsuwàk |
Attributive
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 3rd inan | aone | aoneyo |
| 3rd anim | aonsit | aonsitchik |
Intransitive Animate
There are four main types of these verbs:
a/e-alternating
kshihëla, wikwihëla, pa, alëmska
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | nkshihëla | nkshihëla |
| inclusive | kshihëlahëna | ||
| 2nd person | kshihëla | kshihëlahëmo | |
| 3nd person | kshihële | kshihëleyòk | |
i/u-alternating
palsi, ahpi, amwi, akohchi, kësi, manunksi, alënixsi
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | mpalsi | mpalsihëna |
| inclusive | këpalsihëna | ||
| 2nd person | këpalsi | këpalsihëmo | |
| 3nd person | palsu | palsuwàk | |
vowel-final
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | mpuhënëma | mpuhënëmahëna |
| inclusive | këpuhënëmahëna | ||
| 2nd person | këpuhënëma | këpuhënëmahëmo | |
| 3nd person | puhënëma | puhënëmaòk | |
machi, kwëtki, alai, kawi
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | nëmachi | nëmachihëna |
| inclusive | këmachihëna | ||
| 2nd person | këmachi | këmachihëmo | |
| 3nd person | machi | machiyòk | |
ahponhe, ame, shilënche, mëne
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | ntahponhe | ntahponhehëna |
| inclusive | ktahponhehëna | ||
| 2nd person | ktahponhe | ktahponhehëmo | |
| 3nd person | ahponhe | ahponheyòk | |
consonant-final
shielìntàm, mikëntàm, ànkël
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | nshielìntàm | nshielìntàmuhëna |
| inclusive | këshielìntàmuhëna | ||
| 2nd person | këshielìntàm | këshielìntàmuhëmo | |
| 3nd person | shielìntàm | shielìntàmuwàk | |
Transitive Inanimate
(1a) pënàm, katatàm, mahëlàm, këlësëtàm, màxkàm
| singular object | plural object | indef object | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | mpënamën | mpënamëna | mpënam |
| 2nd person sg | kpënamën | kpënamëna | kpënam |
| 3nd person sg | pwënamën | pwënamëna | pënam |
| 1st person pl exclusive | mpënamënën | mpënamënëna | mpënamùhëna |
| 1st person pl inclusive | kpënamënën | kpënamënëna | kpënamùhëna |
| 2nd person pl | kpënamëneyo | kpënamëneyo | kpënamùhëmo |
| 3nd person pl | pwënamëneyo | pwënamëneyo | pënamùk |
(1b) mëshënëm, natëm, këlënëm, wetënëm
| singular object | plural object | indef object | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | nëmëshënëmën | nëmëshënëmëna | nëmëshënëm |
| 2nd person sg | këmëshënëmën | këmëshënëmëna | këmëshënëm |
| 3nd person sg | mëshënëmën | mëshënëmëna | mëshënëm |
| 1st person pl exclusive | nëmëshënëmënën | nëmëshënëmënëna | nëmëshënëmhumëna |
| 1st person pl inclusive | këmëshënëmënën | këmëshënëmënëna | këmëshënëmhumëna |
| 2nd person pl | këmëshënëmëneyo | këmëshënëmëneyo | këmëshënëmhumo |
| 3nd person pl | mëshënëmëneyo | mëshënëmëneyo | mëshënëmùk |
(2) petaw, këshixëtaw
| singular object | plural object | indef object | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | mpetun | mpetuna | mpetu |
| 2nd person sg | kpetun | kpetuna | kpetu |
| 3nd person sg | pwetun | pwetuna | petu |
| 1st person pl exclusive | mpetunën | mpetunëna | mpetuhëna |
| 1st person pl inclusive | kpetunën | kpetunëna | kpetuhëna |
| 2nd person pl | kpetuneyo | kpetuneyo | kpetuhëmo |
| 3nd person pl | pwetuneyo | pwetuneyo | petuwàk |
(3) nem, michi
| singular object | plural object | indef object | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | nemën | nemëna | nem |
| 2nd person sg | kënemën | kënemëna | kënem |
| 3nd person sg | wënemën | wënemëna | nem |
| 1st person pl exclusive | nemënën | nemënëna | nemhumëna |
| 1st person pl inclusive | kënemënën | kënemënëna | kënemhumëna |
| 2nd person pl | kënemëneyo | kënemëneyo | kënemhumo |
| 3nd person pl | wënemëneyo | wënemëneyo | nemùk |
| singular object | plural object | indef object | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | nëmichin | nëmichiëna | nëmichi |
| 2nd person sg | këmichin | këmichina | këmichi |
| 3nd person sg | mwichin | mwichina | michu |
| 1st person pl exclusive | nëmichinën | nëmichinëna | nëmichihëna |
| 1st person pl inclusive | këmichinën | këmichinëna | këmichihëna |
| 2nd person pl | këmichineyo | këmichineyo | këmichihëmo |
| 3nd person pl | mwichineyo | mwichineyo | michuwàk |
Transitive Animate
| 1st person sg | 2nd person sg | 3rd person sg | 1st person pl excl | 1st person pl incl | 2nd person pl | 3rd person pl | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | — | këmilel | nëmila | — | këmilelhumo | nëmilaok | |||
| 2nd person sg | këmili | — | këmila | këmilihëna¹ | — | këmilaok | |||
| 3nd person sg | nëmilukw | këmilukw | mwilao² | mwilku | nëmilkuna | këmilkuna | këmilkuwa | mwilao² | mwilkuwoo³ |
| 1st person pl exclusive | — | këmileluhëna | nëmilawëna | — | këmilelhumëna | nëmilawënanàk | |||
| 1st person pl inclusive | këmilawëna | këmilawënanàk | |||||||
| 2nd person pl | këmilihëmo | — | këmilawa | këmilihëna¹ | — | këmilawook | |||
| 3nd person pl | nëmilkuk | këmilkuk | mwilawoo³ | mwilkuk | nëmilkunanàk | këmilkunanàk | këmilkuwanàk | mwilawoo³ | mwilkuwoo⁴ |
