Unami verbs: Difference between revisions
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=== i/u-alternating === | === i/u-alternating === | ||
palsi, ahpi, amwi, akohchi, kësi, manunksi | palsi, ahpi, amwi, akohchi, kësi, manunksi, alënixsi | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 101: | Line 101: | ||
|} | |} | ||
machi, kwëtki, alai | machi, kwëtki, alai, kawi | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 119: | Line 119: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"| 3nd person | !colspan="2"| 3nd person | ||
| <span class="root"> | | <span class="root">machi</span> | ||
| <span class="root"> | | <span class="root">machi</span><span class="affix">yòk</span> | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 147: | Line 147: | ||
=== consonant-final === | === consonant-final === | ||
shielìntàm, mikëntàm | shielìntàm, mikëntàm, ànkël | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 174: | Line 175: | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! singular object !! plural object | ! !! singular object !! plural object !! indef object | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person sg | ! 1st person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person sg | ! 2nd person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person sg | ! 3nd person sg | ||
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl exclusive | ! 1st person pl exclusive | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | | <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | | <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ùhëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl inclusive | ! 1st person pl inclusive | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ùhëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person pl | ! 2nd person pl | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ùhëmo</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person pl | ! 3nd person pl | ||
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">pën</span><span class="rootaffix">am</span><span class="affix">ùk</span> | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 208: | Line 216: | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! singular object !! plural object | ! !! singular object !! plural object !! indef object | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person sg | ! 1st person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person sg | ! 2nd person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person sg | ! 3nd person sg | ||
| <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl exclusive | ! 1st person pl exclusive | ||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | | <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | | <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">humëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl inclusive | ! 1st person pl inclusive | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">humëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person pl | ! 2nd person pl | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">humo</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person pl | ! 3nd person pl | ||
| <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">mëshën</span><span class="rootaffix">ëm</span><span class="affix">ùk</span> | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 243: | Line 258: | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! singular object !! plural object | ! !! singular object !! plural object !! indef object | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person sg | ! 1st person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span> | | <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span> | | <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person sg | ! 2nd person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person sg | ! 3nd person sg | ||
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">n</span> | ||
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">na</span> | ||
| <span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl exclusive | ! 1st person pl exclusive | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nën</span> | | <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nëna</span> | | <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">hëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl inclusive | ! 1st person pl inclusive | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nën</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nëna</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">nëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">hëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person pl | ! 2nd person pl | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | | <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">hëmo</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person pl | ! 3nd person pl | ||
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | | <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>et</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">pet</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">wàk</span> | |||
|} | |} | ||
(3) nem, michi | (3) nem, michi, wixëni | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! singular object !! plural object | ! !! singular object !! plural object !! indef object | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person sg | ! 1st person sg | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person sg | ! 2nd person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person sg | ! 3nd person sg | ||
| <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | | <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | | <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl exclusive | ! 1st person pl exclusive | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | | <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | | <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">humëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 1st person pl inclusive | ! 1st person pl inclusive | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënën</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ënëna</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">humëna</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd person pl | ! 2nd person pl | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">humo</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3nd person pl | ! 3nd person pl | ||
| <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | | <span class="affix">wë</span><span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ëneyo</span> | ||
| <span class="root">nem</span><span class="affix">ùk</span> | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! singular object !! plural object !! indef object | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person sg | |||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">n</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">ëna</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">michi</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd person sg | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">n</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">na</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 3nd person sg | |||
| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>ichi</span><span class="affix">n</span> | |||
| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>ichi</span><span class="affix">na</span> | |||
| <span class="root">mich</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person pl exclusive | |||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">nën</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">nëna</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">hëna</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person pl inclusive | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">nën</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">nëna</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">hëna</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd person pl | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | |||
| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">michi</span><span class="affix">hëmo</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 3nd person pl | |||
| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>ichi</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | |||
| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>ichi</span><span class="affix">neyo</span> | |||
| <span class="root">mich</span><span class="rootaffix">u</span><span class="affix">wàk</span> | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Transitive Animate == | == Transitive Animate == | ||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
|class="unm-local"| local | |||
|class="unm-direct"| direct | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| inverse | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! 1st person sg !! 2nd person sg !!colspan="2"| 3rd person sg !! 1st person pl excl !! 1st person pl incl !! 2nd person pl !!colspan="2"| 3rd person pl | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person sg | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-local"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">el</span> | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">a</span> | |||
|colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| — | |||
|class="unm-local"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">elhumo</span> | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">aok</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd person sg | |||
|class="unm-local"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">i</span> | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">a</span> | |||
|class="unm-local" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">ihëna</span>¹ | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">aok</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 3nd person sg | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">ukw</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">ukw</span> | |||
|class="unm-direct"| <span class="root">m</span><span class="affix">w</span><span class="root">il</span><span class="affix">ao</span>² | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="root">m</span><span class="affix">w</span><span class="root">il</span><span class="affix">ku</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kuna</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kuna</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kuwa</span> | |||
|class="unm-direct"| <span class="root">m</span><span class="affix">w</span><span class="root">il</span><span class="affix">ao</span>² | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="root">m</span><span class="affix">w</span><span class="root">il</span><span class="affix">kuwoo</span>³ | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person pl exclusive | |||
|rowspan="2"| — | |||
|class="unm-local" rowspan="2"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">eluhëna</span> | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">awëna</span> | |||
|rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| — | |||
|class="unm-local" rowspan="2"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">elhumëna</span> | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">awënanàk</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person pl inclusive | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">awëna</span> | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">awënanàk</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd person pl | |||
|class="unm-local"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">ihëmo</span> | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">awa</span> | |||
|class="unm-local" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">ihëna</span>¹ | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">awook</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 3nd person pl | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kuk</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kuk</span> | |||
|class="unm-direct"| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>il</span><span class="affix">awoo</span>³ | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>il</span><span class="affix">kuk</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kunanàk</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kunanàk</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">kuwanàk</span> | |||
|class="unm-direct"| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>il</span><span class="affix">awoo</span>³ | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="root">m<span class="affix">w</span>il</span><span class="affix">kuwoo</span>⁴ | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! 1st person sg !! 2nd person sg !!colspan="2"| 3rd person sg !! 1st person pl excl !! 1st person pl incl !! 2nd person pl !!colspan="2"| 3rd person pl | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person sg | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-local"| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pën</span><span class="affix">ul</span> | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pëna</span><span class="affix">o</span> | |||
|colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| — | |||
|class="unm-local"| | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pëna</span><span class="affix">ok</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd person sg | |||
|class="unm-local"| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pëna</span><span class="affix">i</span> | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pëna</span><span class="affix">o</span> | |||
|class="unm-local" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pëna</span><span class="affix">ihëna</span>¹ | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| | |||
|- | |||
! 3nd person sg | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pëna</span><span class="affix">kw</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-direct"| <span class="root">p</span><span class="affix">w</span><span class="root">ëna</span><span class="affix">o</span>² | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pëna</span><span class="affix">kuna</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-direct"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person pl exclusive | |||
|rowspan="2"| — | |||
|class="unm-local" rowspan="2"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">mil</span><span class="affix">eluhëna</span> | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| | |||
|rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| — | |||
|class="unm-local" rowspan="2"| | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pëna</span><span class="affix">wënanàk</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person pl inclusive | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd person pl | |||
|class="unm-local"| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pëna</span><span class="affix">ihëmo</span> | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pëna</span><span class="affix">wa</span> | |||
|class="unm-local" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">k</span><span class="root">pëna</span><span class="affix">ihëna</span>¹ | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| | |||
|- | |||
! 3nd person pl | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pëna</span><span class="affix">kuk</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-direct"| <span class="root">p<span class="affix">w</span>ëna</span><span class="affix">woo</span>³ | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">m</span><span class="root">pëna</span><span class="affix">kunanàk</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-direct"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! 1st person sg !! 2nd person sg !!colspan="2"| 3rd person sg !! 1st person pl excl !! 1st person pl incl !! 2nd person pl !!colspan="2"| 3rd person pl | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person sg | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-local"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">màxk</span><span class="affix">ul</span> | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">màxka</span><span class="affix">o</span> | |||
|colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| — | |||
|class="unm-local"| | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">màxka</span><span class="affix">ok</span> | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd person sg | |||
|class="unm-local"| | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">kë</span><span class="root">màxka</span><span class="affix">o</span> | |||
|class="unm-local" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| | |||
|- | |||
! 3nd person sg | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">màxka</span><span class="affix">kw</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-direct"| <span class="root">m</span><span class="rootaffix">ò</span><span class="root">xka</span><span class="affix">o</span>² | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-direct"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person pl exclusive | |||
|rowspan="2"| — | |||
|class="unm-local" rowspan="2"| | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| <span class="affix">në</span><span class="root">màxka</span><span class="affix">ohëna</span> | |||
|rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| — | |||
|class="unm-local" rowspan="2"| | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person pl inclusive | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd person pl | |||
|class="unm-local"| | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| | |||
|class="unm-local" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| | |||
| — | |||
|class="unm-direct" colspan="2" style="text-align: center"| | |||
|- | |||
! 3nd person pl | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-direct"| <span class="root">m<span class="rootaffix">ò</span>xka</span><span class="affix">woo</span> | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|class="unm-direct"| | |||
|class="unm-inverse"| | |||
|} | |||
to add: | |||
* maxkànk - when he found it | |||
* màxkùnt - when he was found | |||
TI: | |||
* nëmàxkàmënèn - we found it/those | |||
* nëmàxkàmëna - I found those | |||
* nëmàxkamënèna - we found those | |||
* mòxkàmën (DN) - he found it | |||
* nëmàxkàmën - I found it | |||
* mòxkàmëneyo (DN) / mòxkamëneyo - they found it(/those) | |||
* nëmàxkàm - I found [something] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:53, 17 July 2026
Intransitive Descriptive
Predicative
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 3rd inan | aone | aoneyo |
| 3rd anim | aonsu | aonsuwàk |
Attributive
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 3rd inan | aone | aoneyo |
| 3rd anim | aonsit | aonsitchik |
Intransitive Animate
There are four main types of these verbs:
a/e-alternating
kshihëla, wikwihëla, pa, alëmska
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | nkshihëla | nkshihëla |
| inclusive | kshihëlahëna | ||
| 2nd person | kshihëla | kshihëlahëmo | |
| 3nd person | kshihële | kshihëleyòk | |
i/u-alternating
palsi, ahpi, amwi, akohchi, kësi, manunksi, alënixsi
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | mpalsi | mpalsihëna |
| inclusive | këpalsihëna | ||
| 2nd person | këpalsi | këpalsihëmo | |
| 3nd person | palsu | palsuwàk | |
vowel-final
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | mpuhënëma | mpuhënëmahëna |
| inclusive | këpuhënëmahëna | ||
| 2nd person | këpuhënëma | këpuhënëmahëmo | |
| 3nd person | puhënëma | puhënëmaòk | |
machi, kwëtki, alai, kawi
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | nëmachi | nëmachihëna |
| inclusive | këmachihëna | ||
| 2nd person | këmachi | këmachihëmo | |
| 3nd person | machi | machiyòk | |
ahponhe, ame, shilënche, mëne
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | ntahponhe | ntahponhehëna |
| inclusive | ktahponhehëna | ||
| 2nd person | ktahponhe | ktahponhehëmo | |
| 3nd person | ahponhe | ahponheyòk | |
consonant-final
shielìntàm, mikëntàm, ànkël
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | nshielìntàm | nshielìntàmuhëna |
| inclusive | këshielìntàmuhëna | ||
| 2nd person | këshielìntàm | këshielìntàmuhëmo | |
| 3nd person | shielìntàm | shielìntàmuwàk | |
Transitive Inanimate
(1a) pënàm, katatàm, mahëlàm, këlësëtàm, màxkàm
| singular object | plural object | indef object | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | mpënamën | mpënamëna | mpënam |
| 2nd person sg | kpënamën | kpënamëna | kpënam |
| 3nd person sg | pwënamën | pwënamëna | pënam |
| 1st person pl exclusive | mpënamënën | mpënamënëna | mpënamùhëna |
| 1st person pl inclusive | kpënamënën | kpënamënëna | kpënamùhëna |
| 2nd person pl | kpënamëneyo | kpënamëneyo | kpënamùhëmo |
| 3nd person pl | pwënamëneyo | pwënamëneyo | pënamùk |
(1b) mëshënëm, natëm, këlënëm, wetënëm
| singular object | plural object | indef object | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | nëmëshënëmën | nëmëshënëmëna | nëmëshënëm |
| 2nd person sg | këmëshënëmën | këmëshënëmëna | këmëshënëm |
| 3nd person sg | mëshënëmën | mëshënëmëna | mëshënëm |
| 1st person pl exclusive | nëmëshënëmënën | nëmëshënëmënëna | nëmëshënëmhumëna |
| 1st person pl inclusive | këmëshënëmënën | këmëshënëmënëna | këmëshënëmhumëna |
| 2nd person pl | këmëshënëmëneyo | këmëshënëmëneyo | këmëshënëmhumo |
| 3nd person pl | mëshënëmëneyo | mëshënëmëneyo | mëshënëmùk |
(2) petaw, këshixëtaw
| singular object | plural object | indef object | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | mpetun | mpetuna | mpetu |
| 2nd person sg | kpetun | kpetuna | kpetu |
| 3nd person sg | pwetun | pwetuna | petu |
| 1st person pl exclusive | mpetunën | mpetunëna | mpetuhëna |
| 1st person pl inclusive | kpetunën | kpetunëna | kpetuhëna |
| 2nd person pl | kpetuneyo | kpetuneyo | kpetuhëmo |
| 3nd person pl | pwetuneyo | pwetuneyo | petuwàk |
(3) nem, michi, wixëni
| singular object | plural object | indef object | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | nemën | nemëna | nem |
| 2nd person sg | kënemën | kënemëna | kënem |
| 3nd person sg | wënemën | wënemëna | nem |
| 1st person pl exclusive | nemënën | nemënëna | nemhumëna |
| 1st person pl inclusive | kënemënën | kënemënëna | kënemhumëna |
| 2nd person pl | kënemëneyo | kënemëneyo | kënemhumo |
| 3nd person pl | wënemëneyo | wënemëneyo | nemùk |
| singular object | plural object | indef object | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | nëmichin | nëmichiëna | nëmichi |
| 2nd person sg | këmichin | këmichina | këmichi |
| 3nd person sg | mwichin | mwichina | michu |
| 1st person pl exclusive | nëmichinën | nëmichinëna | nëmichihëna |
| 1st person pl inclusive | këmichinën | këmichinëna | këmichihëna |
| 2nd person pl | këmichineyo | këmichineyo | këmichihëmo |
| 3nd person pl | mwichineyo | mwichineyo | michuwàk |
Transitive Animate
| local | direct | inverse |
| 1st person sg | 2nd person sg | 3rd person sg | 1st person pl excl | 1st person pl incl | 2nd person pl | 3rd person pl | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | — | këmilel | nëmila | — | këmilelhumo | nëmilaok | |||
| 2nd person sg | këmili | — | këmila | këmilihëna¹ | — | këmilaok | |||
| 3nd person sg | nëmilukw | këmilukw | mwilao² | mwilku | nëmilkuna | këmilkuna | këmilkuwa | mwilao² | mwilkuwoo³ |
| 1st person pl exclusive | — | këmileluhëna | nëmilawëna | — | këmilelhumëna | nëmilawënanàk | |||
| 1st person pl inclusive | këmilawëna | këmilawënanàk | |||||||
| 2nd person pl | këmilihëmo | — | këmilawa | këmilihëna¹ | — | këmilawook | |||
| 3nd person pl | nëmilkuk | këmilkuk | mwilawoo³ | mwilkuk | nëmilkunanàk | këmilkunanàk | këmilkuwanàk | mwilawoo³ | mwilkuwoo⁴ |
| 1st person sg | 2nd person sg | 3rd person sg | 1st person pl excl | 1st person pl incl | 2nd person pl | 3rd person pl | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | — | kpënul | mpënao | — | mpënaok | ||||
| 2nd person sg | kpënai | — | kpënao | kpënaihëna¹ | — | ||||
| 3nd person sg | mpënakw | pwënao² | mpënakuna | ||||||
| 1st person pl exclusive | — | këmileluhëna | — | mpënawënanàk | |||||
| 1st person pl inclusive | |||||||||
| 2nd person pl | kpënaihëmo | — | kpënawa | kpënaihëna¹ | — | ||||
| 3nd person pl | mpënakuk | pwënawoo³ | mpënakunanàk | ||||||
| 1st person sg | 2nd person sg | 3rd person sg | 1st person pl excl | 1st person pl incl | 2nd person pl | 3rd person pl | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person sg | — | këmàxkul | nëmàxkao | — | nëmàxkaok | ||||
| 2nd person sg | — | këmàxkao | — | ||||||
| 3nd person sg | nëmàxkakw | mòxkao² | |||||||
| 1st person pl exclusive | — | nëmàxkaohëna | — | ||||||
| 1st person pl inclusive | |||||||||
| 2nd person pl | — | — | |||||||
| 3nd person pl | mòxkawoo | ||||||||
to add:
- maxkànk - when he found it
- màxkùnt - when he was found
TI:
- nëmàxkàmënèn - we found it/those
- nëmàxkàmëna - I found those
- nëmàxkamënèna - we found those
- mòxkàmën (DN) - he found it
- nëmàxkàmën - I found it
- mòxkàmëneyo (DN) / mòxkamëneyo - they found it(/those)
- nëmàxkàm - I found [something]
