Difference between revisions of "Turkic sound correspondences"
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| Line 73: | Line 73: | ||
| || egin || || || || || || || || || || || || ‘grain’ | | || egin || || || || || || || || || || || || ‘grain’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! Correspondence !! chv !! kir !! uzb !! uig !! tur !! gag !! aze !! tuk !! klj !! kjh !! tyv !! sah !! Mongolic !! gloss | + | ! Correspondence !! ЭСТЯ !! chv !! kir !! uzb !! uig !! tur !! gag !! aze !! tuk !! klj !! kjh !! tyv !! sah !! Mongolic !! gloss |
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"| *y / _ C æ? | !rowspan="2"| *y / _ C æ? | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | | + | | kɒʋɑk || køk || kȯk || køk || gøk || gøk || gøj || gøːk || kiːek || køk || køk || kyøx || køke/kyke || ‘sky; blue’ |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | | kylɘ || køl || kȯl || køl || gøl || gøl || køl || køːl || || køl || xøl || kyøl || || ‘lake’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| + | !rowspan="1"| *i / _ C u? | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | | + | | ɕɘʷɾ || ʤyz || jʉz || || jyz || yz || jyz || jyːz || jyːz || ʧys || ʧys || syːs || || ‘hundred’ |
|- | |- | ||
| − | !rowspan=" | + | !rowspan="1"| *i / _ G o? |
| | | | ||
| − | | | + | | ɕɒʋɑɾ ‘mouth’ || ʤyz || jʉz || jyz || jyz || (j)yz || yz || jyz || jiːz || ʧys || || syːs ‘forehead’ || niɣur || ‘face’ |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 125: | Line 129: | ||
| ɯʋət- || ɑt- || ɒt- || || ɑt- || || || || hɑt- || || ɑt- || ɯt- || || ‘shoot’ | | ɯʋət- || ɑt- || ɒt- || || ɑt- || || || || hɑt- || || ɑt- || ɯt- || || ‘shoot’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | ɕəʋɫa-/ɕuɫa- || ʤɑɫɑ- || jala- || jɑlɑ- || jɑɫɑ- || || jɑɫɑ- || jɑːɫɑ- || jɑlʁɑ- || ʧɑlʁɑ- || ʧɯlʁɑ- || sɑlɑː- || (ʤalgi- ‘swallow’?) || ‘lick’ |
|- | |- | ||
| || ʤɑːq || jaʁ || jɑɴɑq || jɑnɑk || jɑnɑq || jɑnɑɢ || jɑɴɑq || || nɑːx || ʧɑːq || sɯɴɑːχ || || ‘cheek, jaw’ | | || ʤɑːq || jaʁ || jɑɴɑq || jɑnɑk || jɑnɑq || jɑnɑɢ || jɑɴɑq || || nɑːx || ʧɑːq || sɯɴɑːχ || || ‘cheek, jaw’ | ||
| Line 142: | Line 146: | ||
| tuɫ || tɯʃ || tɒʃ || tɑʃ || dɯʃ || || || dɑʃ || tɑʃ || tɑs || tɯʃ || tɑs || || ‘outer part’ | | tuɫ || tɯʃ || tɒʃ || tɑʃ || dɯʃ || || || dɑʃ || tɑʃ || tɑs || tɯʃ || tɑs || || ‘outer part’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | !rowspan=" | + | !rowspan="4"| i / _ C ɑ # |
| juɾ || qɑɾ || qɒɾ || qɑɾ || kɑɾ || qɑːɾ || ɢɑɾ || ɢɑːɾ || || xɑɾ || xɑɾ || xɑːɾ || kira-ɣu || ‘snow’ | | juɾ || qɑɾ || qɒɾ || qɑɾ || kɑɾ || qɑːɾ || ɢɑɾ || ɢɑːɾ || || xɑɾ || xɑɾ || xɑːɾ || kira-ɣu || ‘snow’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 148: | Line 152: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ʧuɫ || tɑʃ || tɒʃ || tɑʃ || tɑʃ || tɑʃ || dɑʃ || dɑːʃ || tɒːʃ || tɑs || dɑʃ || tɑːs || čila-ɣu || ‘stone’ | | ʧuɫ || tɑʃ || tɒʃ || tɑʃ || tɑʃ || tɑʃ || dɑʃ || dɑːʃ || tɒːʃ || tɑs || dɑʃ || tɑːs || čila-ɣu || ‘stone’ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | ʃur/ʃurə || sɑz || sɒz || sɑz || || || || || || sɑs || || || siraɣu/siruɣa ‘dirt’ || ‘marsh’ (Hungarian ʃaːr ‘mud’) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! i/e | ! i/e | ||
Latest revision as of 23:57, 26 November 2023
mid vowels
| Correspondence | ЭСТЯ | chv | kir | uzb | uig | tur | gag | aze | tuk | klj | kjh | tyv | sah | Mongolic | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *i / _ C æ? | *bæːʃ | pil(l)ɛk | beʃ | beʃ | bæʃ | bɛʃ | beʃ | bæːʃ | bieʃ | pis | beʃ | bies | ‘five’ | ||
| ɕilxɛ | jɛlɛ | jelæ | lælæk | jelek | jælæːk | ʧilen | ʧel | siel | del | ‘mane, feather’ | |||||
| *æ / _ C i? | kaɕ | keʧ | gɛʧ | giːç | ‘late’ | ||||||||||
| jaɫ | el | el | il/æl | il/ɛl | iel | el | iːl | il | il | ‘nation’ | |||||
| ? | *el, *elik | aɫə | — | (ilik) | (ilik) | ɛl | jel | æl | el | æl | iliː/eliː | ‘hand’ | |||
| pil(ɘk) | bel | bel | bæl | bɛl | bel | bel | biːl | biːel | pil | bel | biːl | belkeɣy | ‘waist; pass’ | ||
| par- | ber- | ber- | bær- | vɛr- | ver- | ver- | ber- | (ver-) | pir- | ber- | bier- | ‘give’ | |||
| keʧeː | keʧæ | kæʧæ | geʤe | geʤæ | geʤæ | giːʤe | kiːeʧæ | kiʒeː | keʒeː | kiehe | ‘evening/yesterday’ | ||||
| *æ / _ C æ? | *æːr | ar | er | er | ær | ɛr | ær | æːr | hær | ir | er | er | ere | ‘man’ | |
| *e? | ɕil | ʤel | jel | jæl | jɛl | jel | jel | jæːl | ʧil | (sillie) | ‘wind’ | ||||
| kil- | kel- | kel- | kæl-/kil- | gʲɛl- | gel- | gæl- | gel | kæl- | kil- | kel- | kel- | ‘come’ | |||
| kir(lɘ) | kerek | keræk | keræk | gɛrɛk | gæræk | gerek | kerek | kirek | xerek | kerex | ‘necessary/necessity’ | ||||
| kas- | kes- | kes- | kes- | kɛs- | kæs- | kes- | kæs- | kis- | keъs- | keheː- | ‘cut’ | ||||
| kaɕ- | keʧ- | keʧ- | kæʧ- | gɛʧ- | geʧ- | keʧ- | geʧ- | kæʧ- | kis- | keъʃ- | kes- | ‘pass over’ | |||
| tarən | tereŋ | teræn | derin | derin | dærin | deriːŋ | tireŋ | tereŋ | tereŋ | ‘deep’ | |||||
| ɕɘr | ʤer | jer | jær | jɛr | jer | jer | jer | jer | ʧir | ʧer | sir | ‘land’ | |||
| *iː? | (ɘɕ) | iʃ | ɨʃ | ɨʃ | iʃ | iʃ | iʃ | iːʃ | iːʃ | iʃ | iːs | yle | ‘work’ | ||
| *ji? | jɘr | iz | ɨz | ɨz | iz | jiz | iz | ɯːz | ɘs | is | ‘trace’ | ||||
| (other?) | ek- | ‘sow’ | |||||||||||||
| egin | ‘grain’ | ||||||||||||||
| Correspondence | ЭСТЯ | chv | kir | uzb | uig | tur | gag | aze | tuk | klj | kjh | tyv | sah | Mongolic | gloss |
| *y / _ C æ? | kɒʋɑk | køk | kȯk | køk | gøk | gøk | gøj | gøːk | kiːek | køk | køk | kyøx | køke/kyke | ‘sky; blue’ | |
| kylɘ | køl | kȯl | køl | gøl | gøl | køl | køːl | køl | xøl | kyøl | ‘lake’ | ||||
| *i / _ C u? | ɕɘʷɾ | ʤyz | jʉz | jyz | yz | jyz | jyːz | jyːz | ʧys | ʧys | syːs | ‘hundred’ | |||
| *i / _ G o? | ɕɒʋɑɾ ‘mouth’ | ʤyz | jʉz | jyz | jyz | (j)yz | yz | jyz | jiːz | ʧys | syːs ‘forehead’ | niɣur | ‘face’ |
Vowel-height stuff
| Correspondence | chv | kir | uzb | uig | tur | gag | aze | tuk | klj | kjh | tyv | sah | Mongolic | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ō? | ɕuɫ | ʤoɫ | jȯl | joɫ | joɫ | joɫ | joːɫ | juoːɫ | ʧoɫ | ʧoɫ | suoɫ | ‘road’ | ||
| u/o/ɑ | suːq | sɒʁɨq | soːuk | ‘cold’ | ||||||||||
| monʧoq | mʉnʧɒq | bonʤuk | moːnʤuq | ‘bead/necklace’ | ||||||||||
| topurɑq | tʉprɒq | toprɑk | ‘dirt’ | |||||||||||
| ojʁo-t- | ʉjʁɒ-t- | ujɑ-n- | ‘wake’ | |||||||||||
| surɑ- | sȯra- | sor- | ‘ask’ | |||||||||||
| ö/ü | ön- | ʉn- | ‘grow/rise’ | |||||||||||
| ɑ/ɯ | ʤɑrɯq/ʤɑrqɯn | jɒrqɨn | ʧɯrɯq | ‘bright’ | ||||||||||
| xɯrəm | qɑrɯn/qɑrn- | qɒrɨn/qɒrn- | kɑrɯn/kɑrn- | χɯrɯn/χɯrn- | ‘stomach’ | |||||||||
| tɯmɑr | tɑmɯr | dɑmɑr | dɑmɑr | dɑmɑr | dɑmɑr | dɑmɯr | tɯmɯr | ‘vein, root’ | ||||||
| ɕunɑt | qɑnɑt | kɑnɑt | ɢɑːnɑt | qɑnɑt | kɯnɑt, kɯj̃ɯɑt | ‘wing’ | ||||||||
| il- | ɑɫ- | ɒl- | ɑɫ- | ɯɫ- | ‘take’ | |||||||||
| ujəx | ɑj | ɒj | ɑj | ɯj | ‘moon’ | |||||||||
| ɯʋət- | ɑt- | ɒt- | ɑt- | hɑt- | ɑt- | ɯt- | ‘shoot’ | |||||||
| ɕəʋɫa-/ɕuɫa- | ʤɑɫɑ- | jala- | jɑlɑ- | jɑɫɑ- | jɑɫɑ- | jɑːɫɑ- | jɑlʁɑ- | ʧɑlʁɑ- | ʧɯlʁɑ- | sɑlɑː- | (ʤalgi- ‘swallow’?) | ‘lick’ | ||
| ʤɑːq | jaʁ | jɑɴɑq | jɑnɑk | jɑnɑq | jɑnɑɢ | jɑɴɑq | nɑːx | ʧɑːq | sɯɴɑːχ | ‘cheek, jaw’ | ||||
| ʧɑʧ- | sɒʧ- | ʧɑʧ- | sɑʧ- | sɑʧ- | sɑʧ- | sɑʧ- | sɑʧ- | sɑs- | ʧɑъʃ- | ɯs- | ‘scatter’ | |||
| ʤɑt- | jɒt- | jɑt- | jɑt- | jɑt- | jɑt- | jɑt- | jɑt- | ʧɑt- | ʧɯt-(ɑr) | sɯt- | ‘lie’ | |||
| tɑp- | tɒp- | tɯʋ-(ɑr) | ‘find’ | |||||||||||
| ɑ | pɯɫ | bɑɫ | bɒl | bɑɫ | bɑl | pɑl | 'honey' | |||||||
| ш/ɑ (*ɑ_i?) | tuɫ | tɯʃ | tɒʃ | tɑʃ | dɯʃ | dɑʃ | tɑʃ | tɑs | tɯʃ | tɑs | ‘outer part’ | |||
| i / _ C ɑ # | juɾ | qɑɾ | qɒɾ | qɑɾ | kɑɾ | qɑːɾ | ɢɑɾ | ɢɑːɾ | xɑɾ | xɑɾ | xɑːɾ | kira-ɣu | ‘snow’ | |
| jun | qɑn | qɒn | qɑn | kɑn | qɑn | ɢɑn | ɢɑːn | qɑːn | xɑn | xɑn | xɑːn | ‘blood’ | ||
| ʧuɫ | tɑʃ | tɒʃ | tɑʃ | tɑʃ | tɑʃ | dɑʃ | dɑːʃ | tɒːʃ | tɑs | dɑʃ | tɑːs | čila-ɣu | ‘stone’ | |
| ʃur/ʃurə | sɑz | sɒz | sɑz | sɑs | siraɣu/siruɣa ‘dirt’ | ‘marsh’ (Hungarian ʃaːr ‘mud’) | ||||||||
| i/e | timɘr | temir | temir | demir | demir | demir | timir | temür | ‘iron, steel’ | |||||
| i~y/æ~œ | pirɘ | bœry | bȯrɨ | børæ | børy | bøːry | biːeri | pyːr | børy | bœrœ | ‘wolf’ |
Consonants
| Correspondence | chv | kir | uzb | uig | tur | gag | aze | tuk | klj | kjh | tyv | sah | Mongolic | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lʧ | puɕ | bɑʃ | bɒʃ | bɑʃ | bɑʃ | bɑʃ | bɑʃ | bɑʃ | bɑʃ | pɑs | bɑʼʃ | bɑs | *balji | ‘head’ |
