Difference between revisions of "Lexical differences between Kazakh and Kyrgyz"
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Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ıyıq || holy || ıyıq || shoulder | | ıyıq || holy || ıyıq || shoulder | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ayna || powder || ayna || mirror | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== False friends B === | === False friends B === | ||
− | (Words that | + | (Words that are mostly cognates but with at least slightly different meanings) |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"; | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"; | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
Line 39: | Line 41: | ||
| arman || a regret, a sorrow || arman || dream / a wish for something to come | | arman || a regret, a sorrow || arman || dream / a wish for something to come | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | eje || | + | | eje || older sister / female relative || äje || grandmother |
|- | |- | ||
| apa || mother || apa || older female [relative] | | apa || mother || apa || older female [relative] | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | bayke (<*bay ake), ağa || older brother || äke; ağa || father; older brother | + | | bayke (<*bay ake), ağa (dial.) || older brother || äke; ağa || father; older brother |
|- | |- | ||
| juma || friday, week || juma || friday (, dial. week) | | juma || friday, week || juma || friday (, dial. week) | ||
Line 79: | Line 81: | ||
| ata || father || ata || grandfather | | ata || father || ata || grandfather | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | qabırğa || rib(s) || qabırğa || wall | + | | qabırğa || rib(s) || qabırğa || wall, rib(s) |
|- | |- | ||
| qalempir || pepper || qalampır || clove(s) | | qalempir || pepper || qalampır || clove(s) | ||
Line 109: | Line 111: | ||
| aqırın || quietly, slowly, (deliberately?) || aqırın || quietly, slowly, '''carefully''', (deliberately?) | | aqırın || quietly, slowly, (deliberately?) || aqırın || quietly, slowly, '''carefully''', (deliberately?) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | bat- || to fit (in somewhere), to set (heavenly body), ... || bat- || to set (heavenly body) | + | | bat- || to fit (in somewhere), to set (heavenly body), ... || bat- || to set (heavenly body), to drown, to get bogged down (in) |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | qomuz || plucked string instrument || qobız || (Kyrgyz sıbızğı) - stringed instrument played with bow | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | qunduz || otter || qundız || beaver | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | kemçet || beaver / Kamchatkan [sea] otter? || qamşat || otter | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | sarımay || ghee / clarified butter || sarımay || butter | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | sarımsaq || wild onion? || sarımsaq || garlic | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | suraq || investigation || suraq || question | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | jetigen || the Big Dipper || [[w:jetigen|jetigen]] || a zither-like instrument | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | üşü- || be cold || üsi- || freeze | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | toŋ- || freeze || toŋ- || be cold | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | daroo || immediately || derew || quickly | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | monçoq || bead, necklace || monşaq || string of beads | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | qaljıŋ(da-) || tease (?) || qaljıŋ(da-) || joke | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | irenji- || be disgusted || renji- || be offended | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | çıqanaq || elbow || şığanaq || inlet/bay (?) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | eskertkiç || reminder || eskertkiş || memorial/statue | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | estelik || memorial/statue || estelik || reminder | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | çoçoq || penis || şoşaq || pointy-shaped | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | kön- || get used to || kön- || agree with (?) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | sıylıq || award || sıylıq || gift | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | jıljı- || move slowly and creepily || jıljı- || move | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | çelek || barrel || şelek || bucket | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | baypaq || sock || baypaq || legging | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ''çulok'' || legging || şulıq || sock | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 136: | Line 184: | ||
| je (emese) || or (if so) || '''nemese''' || or | | je (emese) || or (if so) || '''nemese''' || or | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | daroo || immediately || birden || " |
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''qoqus(tan)''' || suddenly || | + | | '''qoqus(tan)''' || suddenly || '''kenetten''' || unexpectedly |
|- | |- | ||
| ayant || [city] square || '''alaŋ''' || " | | ayant || [city] square || '''alaŋ''' || " | ||
|- | |- | ||
| (suuğa) tüş- || || '''şomalda-''' || to bathe | | (suuğa) tüş- || || '''şomalda-''' || to bathe | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | (suuğa) süz- || swim || '''jüz-''' || swim | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''qooz''' || pleasant to look at (not person) || ? || | | '''qooz''' || pleasant to look at (not person) || ? || | ||
Line 158: | Line 208: | ||
| '''jomoq''' || fairy tale || '''ertek''' || " | | '''jomoq''' || fairy tale || '''ertek''' || " | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | obon || melody || '''saz''' || " |
|- | |- | ||
| ır || song || '''än''' || " | | ır || song || '''än''' || " | ||
Line 188: | Line 238: | ||
| '''toqoy''' || forest || '''orman''' || forest | | '''toqoy''' || forest || '''orman''' || forest | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | qarma- || hold || '''usta-''' || hold | + | | qarma- || hold, grab || '''usta-''', tut- || hold, grab |
|- | |- | ||
| '''dubal''' || wall || qabırğa || wall | | '''dubal''' || wall || qabırğa || wall | ||
Line 198: | Line 248: | ||
| '''çoğuu''' || together || birge || together | | '''çoğuu''' || together || birge || together | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | ''' | + | | '''törö'''- || to bear child (human) || tuw- || to bear child |
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''jaşılça''' || vegetable(s) || '''kökinis''' || vegetable(s) | + | | '''jaşılça'''/'''köksaq''' || vegetable(s)/greens || '''kökinis''' || vegetable(s)/greens |
|- | |- | ||
| '''belek''' || gift || sıylıq || gift | | '''belek''' || gift || sıylıq || gift | ||
Line 212: | Line 262: | ||
| '''sın alğı''' || television || '''teledıydar''' || television | | '''sın alğı''' || television || '''teledıydar''' || television | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | qaarman || hero, character || '''keyipker''' || character | + | | qaarman (''sometimes'' keyipker) || hero, character || '''keyipker''' || character |
|- | |- | ||
| || || '''munay''' || [earth] oil | | || || '''munay''' || [earth] oil | ||
Line 218: | Line 268: | ||
| köp || often || '''jiyi''', '''ılğıy''' || often | | köp || often || '''jiyi''', '''ılğıy''' || often | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | tap-taqır || completely || mülde, tipten || completely | + | | (tap-)taqır || completely || mülde, tipten || completely |
|- | |- | ||
− | | mayram || celebration, holiday || '''mereke''', mayram || celebration, holiday | + | | mayram (''maarake'') || celebration, holiday || '''mereke''', mayram || celebration, holiday |
|- | |- | ||
| '''qılım''' || century || '''ğasır''' || century | | '''qılım''' || century || '''ğasır''' || century | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''boz üy''' || yurt || '''kiyiz üy''' || yurt | + | | '''boz üy''' (''kiyiz üy'') || yurt || '''kiyiz üy''' || yurt |
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''tepkiç''' || stairs, ladder || '''baspaldaq''', '''şatı''' || stairs, ladder | + | | '''tepkiç''', '''basqıç''' || stairs, ladder || '''baspaldaq''', '''şatı''' || stairs, ladder |
|- | |- | ||
− | | || || keste || schedule | + | | '''jürgürtmö''' || schedule || '''keste''' || schedule |
|- | |- | ||
− | | || || eleme- || ignore | + | | '''tootpo-''', '''etibar qılba-''', '''köŋül salba-''' || ignore / not pay attention to || eleme- || ignore (not pay attention to) |
|- | |- | ||
| || || täwir || decent | | || || täwir || decent | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | urmat, sıy, ızaat || respect || qurmet, sıy, qoşemet, izet || respect | + | | urmat, sıy, ızaat, qoşamat || respect || qurmet, sıy, qoşemet, izet || respect |
|- | |- | ||
| qayra, qayta || back (''p.i.''), again || qayta || back (''p.i.''), again | | qayra, qayta || back (''p.i.''), again || qayta || back (''p.i.''), again | ||
Line 240: | Line 290: | ||
| çeyin, '''deyre''' || before, until || şeyin, '''deyin''' | | çeyin, '''deyre''' || before, until || şeyin, '''deyin''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | qur || belt || beldik, belbew, taspa? || belt |
|- | |- | ||
| '''topçu''', tüymö || button (on clothing) || tüyme || | | '''topçu''', tüymö || button (on clothing) || tüyme || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | kir, | + | | kir, ıplas || dirty, morally dirty || kir, '''las''' || dirty |
|- | |- | ||
| '''jay''' || summer || jaz || summer | | '''jay''' || summer || jaz || summer | ||
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| '''taarın-''' || to get offended || '''ökpele-''' || to get offended | | '''taarın-''' || to get offended || '''ökpele-''' || to get offended | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | zarıl || necessary/necessarily || qajet || necessary/necessarily | + | | zarıl, qajet? || necessary/necessarily || qajet || necessary/necessarily |
|- | |- | ||
| '''küzgü''' || mirror || '''ayna''' || mirror | | '''küzgü''' || mirror || '''ayna''' || mirror | ||
Line 258: | Line 308: | ||
| '''qoşuna''' || neighbour || '''körşi''' || neighbour | | '''qoşuna''' || neighbour || '''körşi''' || neighbour | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | böbök || baby || '''säbiy''', '''närestey''', '''böpe''', äldiy?, böbek? || baby | + | | böbök, nariste, böpö, (''lit.'' aldey) || baby || '''säbiy''', '''närestey''', '''böpe''', äldiy?, böbek? || baby |
|- | |- | ||
| '''ulaan''', '''ula(n(t))'''- || continuing (''adj.''); continue (''v.i.''), keep doing, continue (''?'') || uzar(t)- || to continue (''v.i., v.t.'') | | '''ulaan''', '''ula(n(t))'''- || continuing (''adj.''); continue (''v.i.''), keep doing, continue (''?'') || uzar(t)- || to continue (''v.i., v.t.'') | ||
Line 264: | Line 314: | ||
| (aylana)-('''çöyrö''') || environs || (aynala)-('''qorşaw''') || environs | | (aylana)-('''çöyrö''') || environs || (aynala)-('''qorşaw''') || environs | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''jooker''', (sarboz (''archaic'')) || soldier || '''sarbaz''' || soldier | + | | '''jooker''', (sarboz, sarbaz (''archaic'')) || soldier || '''sarbaz''' || soldier |
|- | |- | ||
| '''atayın''' || on purpose || '''qasaqana''' || on purpose | | '''atayın''' || on purpose || '''qasaqana''' || on purpose | ||
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| '''ırğıt-''' || throw, chuck || '''laqtır-''' || throw, chuck | | '''ırğıt-''' || throw, chuck || '''laqtır-''' || throw, chuck | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''paymandas''' || brave || '''batıl''', '''betti''', '''jalaŋ tös''' || brave | + | | '''paymandas''', '''er jürök''', '''taymanbas''' || brave || '''batıl''', '''betti''', '''jalaŋ tös''' || brave |
|- | |- | ||
| '''muştum''' || fist || '''judırıq''' || fist | | '''muştum''' || fist || '''judırıq''' || fist | ||
Line 278: | Line 328: | ||
| '''borbor''' || center || oşaq || center | | '''borbor''' || center || oşaq || center | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''soy-''' || slaughter [livestock] (and cutting other things open, like watermelons) || | + | | '''soy-''', moozda- || slaughter [livestock] (and cutting other things open, like watermelons) || bawızda- || slaughter [livestock] |
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''tosqool''' || hindrance, obstacle || | + | | '''tosqool''', '''bögöt''' || hindrance, obstacle || böget || hindrance, obstacle |
|- | |- | ||
− | | || || '''mätin''' || text | + | | tekst || text || '''mätin''' || text |
|- | |- | ||
| eşikte || outside || dalada || outside | | eşikte || outside || dalada || outside | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''çurqa-''' || run || jügir- || run | + | | '''çurqa-''', jügür- || run || jügir- || run |
|- | |- | ||
− | | ACC/ABL ooz tiy- || taste (v.t.) || GEN däm◌+ACC tat- || taste (v.t.) | + | | ACC/ABL ooz tiy-, daam sız- || taste (v.t.) || GEN däm◌+ACC tat- || taste (v.t.) |
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''tamaşa''' || joke || | + | | '''tamaşa''', azil || joke, (liter.) || äzil || joke |
|- | |- | ||
| '''şakek''' || ring (jewelry) || '''jüzik''', '''saqıyna''' || ring | | '''şakek''' || ring (jewelry) || '''jüzik''', '''saqıyna''' || ring | ||
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| ? || || '''jawırın''' || shoulder blades | | ? || || '''jawırın''' || shoulder blades | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | qumursqanın <u>uya</u>sı/<u>uyuğ</u>u/<u>iyin</u> || ant hill || qumursqanıŋ <u>'''in'''</u>i |
|- | |- | ||
| '''ıyıq''' || holy || '''kiyeli''', '''äwliye''' || holy | | '''ıyıq''' || holy || '''kiyeli''', '''äwliye''' || holy | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''dülöy''', kereŋ | + | | '''dülöy''', kereŋ || deaf || '''saŋıraw''', kereŋ? || deaf |
|- | |- | ||
| '''badıraŋ''' || cucumber || '''qıyar''' (dial. bädriŋ) || cucumber | | '''badıraŋ''' || cucumber || '''qıyar''' (dial. bädriŋ) || cucumber | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| '''çıqanaq''' || elbow || '''şıntaq''' (cognate??) || elbow | | '''çıqanaq''' || elbow || '''şıntaq''' (cognate??) || elbow | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''jöndömö''' || noun case || '''septik''' || noun case | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''möŋgü''' || glacier || '''muzart''' || glacier | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -ABL '''taja'''- || be fed up with || -ABL '''erğaştı bol-''' || be fed up with | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | jan◌+LOC || next to || '''qas'''◌+LOC, jan◌+LOC || next to | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | kirgiz- || enter (information) || '''engiz-''', kirgiz- || enter (information) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''bülö''' || gum (in mouth) || tistiŋ eti || gum (in mouth) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''çalqan''' || nettle || '''qalaqay''' || nettle | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''sıbızğı''' || bowed string instrument || qobız || bowed string instrument | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''kiş''', bulğun (lit.) || sable || bulğın || sable | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''şeyşep''' || sheet || '''aqjayma''' || sheet? | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''juurqan''' || blanket || '''körpe''' || blanket? | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | töşök || sleeping mat || '''körpeşe''' || sleeping mat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''qaalğa''' || door to a yurt || ? || | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | tema || topic || '''taqırıp''' || topic | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''qalp''', jalğan || lie (falsehood) || '''ötirik''', jalğan || lie (falsehood) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''qalpıçı''' || liar || '''ötirkşi''' || liar | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''şaş-''' || be in a hurry || '''asığ-''' || be in a hurry | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''toqoy''' || forest || '''urman''' || forest | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''çırmooq''' || vine || ? || | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''jön ele''' || simply, just because || jay ğana || " | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''topoz''' || yak || '''qodas''' || " | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''jörgömüş''' || spider || '''örmekşi"''' || spider | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''toburçaq''' || pinecone/etc. || '''bürşik''' || pinecone/etc. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''mamalaq''' || bear cub || '''qonjıq''' || bear cub | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''mıymıy''' || kitten || '''marğaw''', '''mäwlen''' || kitten | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''çekit''' || dot/period || '''nükte''' || dot/period | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''oroy''' || rude || '''döreki''' || rude | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | üşü- || be cold || '''jawra-'''/toŋ- || be cold | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | toŋ- || freeze || üsi- || freeze | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | daroo || immediately/suddenly || birdesten || suddenly | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''mala''' çay || watery tea || '''asıq''' şay || watery tea | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''jıt''' || smell/scent || '''iyis''' || smell/scent | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''tuura''' || immitate || '''elekte-''' || immitate | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''ibelik''' || rolling pin || dembel?, '''oqtaw''' || rolling pin | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | proyekt || project || '''joba''' || project | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | plan, maqsat || plan || '''jospar''' || plan | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''badal''' || bush || '''buta''' || bush | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''şuru''' || bead, necklace || monşaq || bead | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | monçoq, '''şuru''' || necklace || '''alqa''' || necklace | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''daana''' || piece || '''tüyir''' || piece | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''oturğuç''' || chair || '''orındıq''' || chair | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | vʲílka || fork || '''şanışqı''' || fork | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | şım || pants || '''şalbar''' || pants | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''qorot'''- || waste || ? || | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | oŋdo- || fix || jönde- || fix | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''çoy'''- || stretch (vt.) || soz- || stretch | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | türt- || push || türt-, '''iyter'''- || push | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''telefon çal'''- || call (by phone) || '''zvonda'''- || call (by phone) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | kön- || get used to || qatıstır- || get used to (?) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | basım || (phonological) stress/accent || '''ekpin''' || (phonological) stress/accent | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | çek sana- || doubt || şek qoy- || doubt (?) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''ulan-(t-)''' || last (continue) || '''jalğas-(tır-)''' || last (continue) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | almaştır- || change/switch || '''awıstır-'''/ayırbasta-/almastır- || change/switch | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | iygilik || good luck, fortune || '''sättilik''' || good luck, fortune | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | salt || tradition || '''dästür''' || tradition | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''jıl-''' || move || jıljı- || move | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | — || || '''äsem''' || pretty (people or things) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''äserese''' || especially | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''çeke''', maŋday || forehead || maŋday || forehead | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''seyilde-''' || stroll, go for a walk || '''seriwende-''' || stroll, go for a walk | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''sayabaq''' || park | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | tarmal || curly (hair) || buyra || curly (hair) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | tuura emes || wrong, incorrect || '''burıs''' || wrong, incorrect | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | öçür- || put out (a fire), turn off, erase || '''söndir-''', öşir- || put out (a fire), turn off | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''çoğul'''-, jıyna-l- || get together (i.v.) || jıyna-l- || get together (i.v.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''eden''' || floor | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''qаaqım''' || dandelion || '''baqbaq''' || dandelion | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''juuru-''' || knead || '''iyle-''' || knead | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ibelik/übölük || rolling pin || '''oqtaw''', bilik || rolling pin | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | soq- || blow (of wind) || '''es-'''، soq- || blow (of wind) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''öydö''' || up || '''örge''' || up | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 332: | Line 524: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ayıl || village || awıl || village | | ayıl || village || awıl || village | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | içke || narrow || jiŋişke || narrow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <u>iş</u>/<u>jumuş</u> qıl- || to work || <u>jumıs</u> <u>is</u>te- || to work | | <u>iş</u>/<u>jumuş</u> qıl- || to work || <u>jumıs</u> <u>is</u>te- || to work | ||
Line 362: | Line 556: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <u>abay</u>la! || be careful! || <u>abay</u> bol! || be careful! | | <u>abay</u>la! || be careful! || <u>abay</u> bol! || be careful! | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>jarna</u>ma, <u>jarna</u>q || advertisement || <u>jarna</u>q || advertisement | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>köçmön</u> || nomad, nomadic || <u>köşpen</u>di || nomad, nomadic | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>bala</u>lıq || childhood || <u>bala</u>wsa || childhood | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>oyno</u>oq || playful || <u>oyna</u>qı || playful | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>şır</u>daq || felt rug || <u>sır</u>maq || felt rug | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>jeti</u>gen || the big dipper || <u>jeti</u>qaraqşı || the big dipper | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>qanday</u>dır bir || some kind of || älde <u>qanday</u> || some kind of | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>suran</u>ıç || demand || <u>suran</u>ıs || demand | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>üçburç</u>tuq || triangle || <u>üşburış</u> || triangle | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>eer</u>çi- || follow || <u>er</u>- || follow | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>jıl</u>- || move || <u>jıl</u>jı- || move | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>zaman</u>bap || modern || <u>zaman</u>awıy || modern | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>süröt</u> tart- || draw/paint, take a picture || <u>süwret</u> sal- || draw/paint | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>tuu</u>l<u>ğan kün</u> || birthday || <u>tuwğan kün</u> || birthday | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <u>köz</u>aynek || glasses || <u>köz</u>ildirik, <u>köz</u>äynek || glasses | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | qıçı<u>ş</u>- || itch || qışı- || itch | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 377: | Line 603: | ||
| '''jardam''', kömök || help, aid, assistance || '''kömek''', jardam || " | | '''jardam''', kömök || help, aid, assistance || '''kömek''', jardam || " | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''jönöt-''', jiber- || send || jiber-, jönet-, jolda- || " | + | | '''jönöt-''', jiber- || send || jiber-, jönet-, '''jolda'''- || " |
|- | |- | ||
| jaqında || near || jaqında, juwıqta || " | | jaqında || near || jaqında, juwıqta || " | ||
Line 393: | Line 619: | ||
| '''muzdaq''' || cold (beverage) || muzdaq, muzday (dial.), '''salqın''' || " | | '''muzdaq''' || cold (beverage) || muzdaq, muzday (dial.), '''salqın''' || " | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | bat, tez, ıldam, baçım, qatuu || "fast" || tez, jıldam || " | + | | '''bat''', tez, ıldam, baçım, qatuu || "fast" || tez, jıldam || " |
|- | |- | ||
| taqır || '''completely''', bald || taqır || '''bald''' | | taqır || '''completely''', bald || taqır || '''bald''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''tap-taqır''', müldö, tipti || completely, totally || '''mülde''', tipti, tipten || " | + | | '''(tap-)taqır''', müldö, tipti || completely, totally || '''mülde''', tipti, tipten || " |
|- | |- | ||
| töş, kökürök || chest (''anat.'') || tös, kewde, omıraw, kökirek || " | | töş, kökürök || chest (''anat.'') || tös, kewde, omıraw, kökirek || " | ||
Line 410: | Line 636: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''şamal''', jel || wind, breeze || '''jel''', samal || " | | '''şamal''', jel || wind, breeze || '''jel''', samal || " | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''jolu''', iret || times || '''ret''' || " | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''jalqoo''', erin- || lazy, be lazy || jalqaw, '''erin-''' || " | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''suuğa tüş''' || bathe, swim || '''şomılıw''' || " | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''köbünçö''', köbünese || mostly || '''köbinese''', köbinşe || mostly | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''sülgü''' (maylıq?) || towel || '''oramal''', sülgi (suwlıq?) || towel | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 421: | Line 657: | ||
! word !! gloss !! word !! gloss | ! word !! gloss !! word !! gloss | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | maalımat || information || mälimet, mağlumat || information | + | | maalımat || information || mälimet, mağlumat || official information, information |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | aalam || ~world || ğalam, älem || globe, world | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | aba || air || awa, äwe || air |
|- | |- | ||
| baarı || all || bäri || all | | baarı || all || bäri || all | ||
Line 433: | Line 671: | ||
| jana || and || jäne || and | | jana || and || jäne || and | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | ayal || woman, wife || äyel || woman, wife |
|- | |- | ||
| qana || ~"let me see" || käne || ~"let me see" | | qana || ~"let me see" || käne || ~"let me see" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | natıyja || result || nätiyje || result | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | adabiyat || literature || ädebiyet || literature | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | adabiy || literary || ädebiy || literary | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ubada || promise || wäde || promise | ||
|- | |- | ||
| parda || curtain || perde || curtain | | parda || curtain || perde || curtain | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | daroo || immediately || derew || quickly |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | dart || illness || dert || illness | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | kemçet || beaver || qamşat || otter | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | eŋse- || desire (v.t.) || aŋsa- || desire (v.t.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | mee || brain || mıy || brain | ||
|- | |- | ||
| miŋ || 1000 || mıŋ || 1000 | | miŋ || 1000 || mıŋ || 1000 | ||
Line 448: | Line 702: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ısım || name || esim || name | | ısım || name || esim || name | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | qadır || reputation || kädir || reputation | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | araŋ || barely || äreŋ || barely | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | alsız || weak || älsiz || weak | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ösiyet || || osuyat || | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | adat || custom || ädet || custom | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 462: | Line 726: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| raqmat || thanks || raqmet || thanks | | raqmat || thanks || raqmet || thanks | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | qızmat || service || qızmet || service | ||
|- | |- | ||
| urmat || respect || qurmet || respect | | urmat || respect || qurmet || respect | ||
Line 474: | Line 740: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kitep || book || kitap || book | | kitep || book || kitap || book | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | araket || attempt, try (~n.) || äreket || attempt, try (~n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | azır || now || qazir, äzir || now | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | darek || address || derek || address | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | tameki || cigarette, tobacco || temeki || cigarette, tobacco | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | adabiy || literary || ädebiy || literary | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | qadimki || usual || kädimgi || usual | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 485: | Line 763: | ||
| jıpar || perfume || jupar || perfume | | jıpar || perfume || jupar || perfume | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | mın- || this (oblique forms) || mun- || this (oblique forms) |
|- | |- | ||
| büt- || to finish (v.i.) || bit- || to finish (v.i.) | | büt- || to finish (v.i.) || bit- || to finish (v.i.) | ||
Line 492: | Line 770: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ötük || boot(s) || etik || boot(s) | | ötük || boot(s) || etik || boot(s) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | sülöösün || lynx || silewsin || lynx | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | kökül || bangs || kekil || bangs | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | şökülö || unmarried woman's tall hat || säwkele || unmarried woman's tall hat | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | tumaq || fur hat || tımaq || fur hat | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"; | ||
+ | |+ vowel length | ||
+ | !colspan="2" | Kyrgyz | ||
+ | !colspan="2" | Kazakh | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | jelee || web || || | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | keç'''ee'''/keç'''öö''' || yesterday || keş'''e''' || yesterday | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | tal'''aa''' || field || dal'''a''' || field, outside | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | b'''aa'''tır || ~hero || b'''a'''tır || ~hero | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | t'''aa'''nı- || know || t'''a'''nı- || know | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ar'''aa''' || saw || ar'''a''' || saw | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''uu'''l || son || '''u'''l || son | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''ee'''r || saddle || '''e'''r || saddle | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''iyi'''n || (ant)hole || '''i'''n || (ant)hole | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''i'''t || dog || '''iy'''t || dog | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | b'''i'''t || louse || b'''iy'''t || louse | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | tar'''ı'''x || history || tar'''ıy'''x || history | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | s'''ı'''pat || character, quality || s'''ıy'''pat || character, quality | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''i'''nsan || person || '''ıy'''nsan || person | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | s'''ü'''röt || picture || s'''üw'''ret || picture | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -(I)r'''AA'''K || -er || -(I)r'''A'''K || -er | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -'''(A)(ː)'''r/-B'''AA'''s || ''future indefinite'' || -'''(A)'''r/-M'''A'''s || ''future indefinite'' | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"; | ||
+ | |+ ..everything.. | ||
+ | !colspan="2" | Kyrgyz | ||
+ | !colspan="2" | Kazakh | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tobokel || risk (n.) || täwekel || risk (n.) | | tobokel || risk (n.) || täwekel || risk (n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | şoola || ray of light || säwle, şağula || ray of light | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | obon || melody/tune || äwen || melody/tune | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Other unexpected segmental differences === | ||
+ | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"; | ||
+ | |+ mysterious consonantal differences | ||
+ | !colspan="2" | Kyrgyz | ||
+ | !colspan="2" | Kazakh | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ta'''n'''da- || choose || ta'''ŋ'''da- || choose | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | kölökö || shadow/shade || köle'''ŋ'''ke || shadow/shade | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''ç'''alıq- || be tired of || '''j'''alıq- || be tired of | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''b'''er'''m'''et || pearl || '''m'''eri'''w'''e'''r'''t || pearl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''teg'''irmen || mill || '''diy'''irmen || mill | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | içke || thin || '''jiŋ'''işke || thin | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | uqta- || sleep || '''uy'''ıqta- || sleep | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''ıy'''la- || cry || '''jı'''la- || cry | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''ı'''r || song || '''jı'''r || song | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''ı'''ldam || fast || '''jı'''ldam || fast | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | oquya || event || oqıy'''ğ'''a || event | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | oy'''g'''ot- || wake up (t.v.) || oyat- || wake up (t.v.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''ç'''üçkür- || sneeze || '''t'''üşkir- || sneeze | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''ç'''ıçqan || mouse || '''t'''ışqan || mouse | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''ç'''ıç- || poop || '''t'''ış- || poop | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | === Kazakh words | + | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"; |
+ | |+ mysterious vowel differences | ||
+ | !colspan="2" | Kyrgyz | ||
+ | !colspan="2" | Kazakh | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | köpür'''ö''' || bridge || köpir || bridge | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''o'''qşo- || be similar || '''u'''qsa- || be similar | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''ö'''kmöt || government || '''ü'''kimet || government | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | b'''ö'''yrök || kidney || b'''ü'''yrek || kidney | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | s'''ü'''ylö- || speak || s'''ö'''yle- || speak | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | aŋg'''e'''me || story || äŋg'''i'''me || story | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Kazakh words some people don't know === | ||
Maybe they're from a different dialect, or literary, but they're in the dictionary and have cognates in Kyrgyz. | Maybe they're from a different dialect, or literary, but they're in the dictionary and have cognates in Kyrgyz. | ||
* mıq - nail (''n.'') | * mıq - nail (''n.'') | ||
− | * | + | * öp- - kiss (''v.t.'') |
* jıljıtpa amal - cunning plan | * jıljıtpa amal - cunning plan | ||
* jasa- - live (''v.i.'') | * jasa- - live (''v.i.'') | ||
Line 533: | Line 925: | ||
* jubaylar? | * jubaylar? | ||
* soqur/soqır | * soqur/soqır | ||
− | + | * Kyrgyz atayı / Kazakh arnayı, ädeyi | |
+ | * Kazakh sopaq (oval?) | ||
+ | * Kazakh puşıq (murındı) | ||
+ | * Kazakh alasa (boylı) | ||
+ | * Kazakh qaratorı | ||
+ | * Kazakh aqquba | ||
+ | * Kazakh eden | ||
+ | * Kazakh juwırda | ||
+ | * Kazakh mekenjay | ||
* [[Turkic sound changes#Scratch]] | * [[Turkic sound changes#Scratch]] |
Latest revision as of 14:25, 3 August 2024
The orthography used to represent Turkic languages on this page is a phonemic system based on Turkish orthography. |
This is here mainly to quantify lexical differences between Kazakh and Kyrgyz.
For further information on sound correspondence issues, see Turkic sound changes and Turkic words that shouldn't be as they are.
Contents
False friends A
(Words that look/sound similar, but meaning different - probably unrelated)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
tamaşa | a joke | tamaşa | perfect |
zaŋ | shit | zaŋ | law |
saz | swamp | saz | melody |
ıya | huh? | iyä | yes |
say- | to plug in, stab, inject, stick in, fuck | sayıs- | to compete |
ıyıq | holy | ıyıq | shoulder |
ayna | powder | ayna | mirror |
False friends B
(Words that are mostly cognates but with at least slightly different meanings)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
arman | a regret, a sorrow | arman | dream / a wish for something to come |
eje | older sister / female relative | äje | grandmother |
apa | mother | apa | older female [relative] |
bayke (<*bay ake), ağa (dial.) | older brother | äke; ağa | father; older brother |
juma | friday, week | juma | friday (, dial. week) |
jönököy | simple | jönekey | ? |
jön | simply | jön | normal?, correct? |
jay | slow | jay | slow, simple, quiet |
tamga | letter (of alphabet) | taŋba | ~sign, tamga |
jığaç | wood | ağaş | tree, wood |
baq | tree, garden | baq | garden |
tuura | correct, straight | tuwra | straight |
durus | ? | durıs | correct |
aruu | ~pure (adj.) | arıw | beautiful girl (n.) |
qalta | ~cloth/sack for carrying something | qalta | |
uq- | listen | uq- | ~understand |
şaş- | hurry | sas- | be panicked (about) |
oromo | a wrapped steamed ~dumpling | oralma | headscarf |
orol- | to be wrapped | oral- | return (v.i.), come back, ..? |
qarma- | hold | qarma- | catch |
ata | father | ata | grandfather |
qabırğa | rib(s) | qabırğa | wall, rib(s) |
qalempir | pepper | qalampır | clove(s) |
qaalağan | any | qalağan | [something] that's wanted |
kez kelgen | that's turn/time has come (?) | kez kelgen | any |
tuu- | to bear child (animal) | tuw- | to bear child (general/human) |
alp | big, strong; giant (adj.), huge | alıp | hero, giant (n.); big, strong |
döö | cyclops, monster | däw | huge (slang) |
min- | to ride an animal | min- | to ride an animal; climb up, to get on (a bus) |
qayra | back (p.i.), again; (returning herd animals to corral?) | qayıra | returning herd animals to corral |
beldik | [woman's] backband, girth?, girdle? | beldik | backband, girth, girdle, belt |
köktöm (archaic) | early spring | köktem | spring, early spring |
jaz | spring | jaz | summer |
el | nation, people | el | nation, people, state, country |
ölkö | country, state | ölke | area of land (specific? general?) |
aqırın | quietly, slowly, (deliberately?) | aqırın | quietly, slowly, carefully, (deliberately?) |
bat- | to fit (in somewhere), to set (heavenly body), ... | bat- | to set (heavenly body), to drown, to get bogged down (in) |
qomuz | plucked string instrument | qobız | (Kyrgyz sıbızğı) - stringed instrument played with bow |
qunduz | otter | qundız | beaver |
kemçet | beaver / Kamchatkan [sea] otter? | qamşat | otter |
sarımay | ghee / clarified butter | sarımay | butter |
sarımsaq | wild onion? | sarımsaq | garlic |
suraq | investigation | suraq | question |
jetigen | the Big Dipper | jetigen | a zither-like instrument |
üşü- | be cold | üsi- | freeze |
toŋ- | freeze | toŋ- | be cold |
daroo | immediately | derew | quickly |
monçoq | bead, necklace | monşaq | string of beads |
qaljıŋ(da-) | tease (?) | qaljıŋ(da-) | joke |
irenji- | be disgusted | renji- | be offended |
çıqanaq | elbow | şığanaq | inlet/bay (?) |
eskertkiç | reminder | eskertkiş | memorial/statue |
estelik | memorial/statue | estelik | reminder |
çoçoq | penis | şoşaq | pointy-shaped |
kön- | get used to | kön- | agree with (?) |
sıylıq | award | sıylıq | gift |
jıljı- | move slowly and creepily | jıljı- | move |
çelek | barrel | şelek | bucket |
baypaq | sock | baypaq | legging |
çulok | legging | şulıq | sock |
Words where cognate doesn't exist
(bold = word doesn't exist as cognate; every line should have at least one bolded word)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
üy bülö | family | otbası | family |
ooba | yes | iyä | yes |
ıya? | huh? | ||
tataal | complicated/complex | keşendi | complicated/complex |
qotor- | translate, convert | awdar- | translate, convert |
emerek | furniture | jıyhaz | furniture |
je (emese) | or (if so) | nemese | or |
daroo | immediately | birden | " |
qoqus(tan) | suddenly | kenetten | unexpectedly |
ayant | [city] square | alaŋ | " |
(suuğa) tüş- | şomalda- | to bathe | |
(suuğa) süz- | swim | jüz- | swim |
qooz | pleasant to look at (not person) | ? | |
mıyzam | law | zaŋ | " |
unaa | means of transportation | kölik | " |
ele | (many uses) | — | |
da | (mood marker) | — | |
elek | (tense marker - "not yet") | — | |
jomoq | fairy tale | ertek | " |
obon | melody | saz | " |
ır | song | än | " |
ırda- | sing | än ayt- | " |
manja | finger | sawsaq | " |
uy | cow | sıyır | " |
çaqa (dial. çelek) | bucket | şelek | bucket |
apta (dial.) | week | apta | week |
çöntök | qalta | ||
uq- | listen, hear | esit- | hear |
uq- | listen, hear | tıŋda- | listen |
başqaruuçu | boss | bastıq | boss |
izilde- | research | zerte- | research |
kiyinki | next, following | kelesi | next, following |
jooluq | scarf | oralma | headscarf |
toqoy | forest | orman | forest |
qarma- | hold, grab | usta-, tut- | hold, grab |
dubal | wall | qabırğa | wall |
çağılğan | lightning | nayzağay | lightning |
çoŋ | big | ülken | big |
çoğuu | together | birge | together |
törö- | to bear child (human) | tuw- | to bear child |
jaşılça/köksaq | vegetable(s)/greens | kökinis | vegetable(s)/greens |
belek | gift | sıylıq | gift |
şüüdürüm | dew | şıq | dew |
tilekke qarşı | unfortunately | ökinişke oray | unfortunately |
ün alğı | radio | ||
sın alğı | television | teledıydar | television |
qaarman (sometimes keyipker) | hero, character | keyipker | character |
munay | [earth] oil | ||
köp | often | jiyi, ılğıy | often |
(tap-)taqır | completely | mülde, tipten | completely |
mayram (maarake) | celebration, holiday | mereke, mayram | celebration, holiday |
qılım | century | ğasır | century |
boz üy (kiyiz üy) | yurt | kiyiz üy | yurt |
tepkiç, basqıç | stairs, ladder | baspaldaq, şatı | stairs, ladder |
jürgürtmö | schedule | keste | schedule |
tootpo-, etibar qılba-, köŋül salba- | ignore / not pay attention to | eleme- | ignore (not pay attention to) |
täwir | decent | ||
urmat, sıy, ızaat, qoşamat | respect | qurmet, sıy, qoşemet, izet | respect |
qayra, qayta | back (p.i.), again | qayta | back (p.i.), again |
çeyin, deyre | before, until | şeyin, deyin | |
qur | belt | beldik, belbew, taspa? | belt |
topçu, tüymö | button (on clothing) | tüyme | |
kir, ıplas | dirty, morally dirty | kir, las | dirty |
jay | summer | jaz | summer |
tübölük(kö) | forever, eternal(ly), everlasting(ly) | mäŋgi | forever, eternal(ly), everlasting(ly) |
taarın- | to get offended | ökpele- | to get offended |
zarıl, qajet? | necessary/necessarily | qajet | necessary/necessarily |
küzgü | mirror | ayna | mirror |
qoşuna | neighbour | körşi | neighbour |
böbök, nariste, böpö, (lit. aldey) | baby | säbiy, närestey, böpe, äldiy?, böbek? | baby |
ulaan, ula(n(t))- | continuing (adj.); continue (v.i.), keep doing, continue (?) | uzar(t)- | to continue (v.i., v.t.) |
(aylana)-(çöyrö) | environs | (aynala)-(qorşaw) | environs |
jooker, (sarboz, sarbaz (archaic)) | soldier | sarbaz | soldier |
atayın | on purpose | qasaqana | on purpose |
atayı(n) emes, qoqustan | by accident | abaysızdan | by accident |
ırğıt- | throw, chuck | laqtır- | throw, chuck |
paymandas, er jürök, taymanbas | brave | batıl, betti, jalaŋ tös | brave |
muştum | fist | judırıq | fist |
borbor | center | oşaq | center |
soy-, moozda- | slaughter [livestock] (and cutting other things open, like watermelons) | bawızda- | slaughter [livestock] |
tosqool, bögöt | hindrance, obstacle | böget | hindrance, obstacle |
tekst | text | mätin | text |
eşikte | outside | dalada | outside |
çurqa-, jügür- | run | jügir- | run |
ACC/ABL ooz tiy-, daam sız- | taste (v.t.) | GEN däm◌+ACC tat- | taste (v.t.) |
tamaşa, azil | joke, (liter.) | äzil | joke |
şakek | ring (jewelry) | jüzik, saqıyna | ring |
qayırçılıq, tilemçilik | alms | qayırşılıq | alms |
— | beer | sıra | beer |
qoqo | adam's apple | jutqınşaq | adam's apple |
bat- | fit (be enough space to fit) | sıy- | " |
çükö | ankle bone shooting | asıq | " |
daalı | top of back / back of shoulders | ? | |
? | jawırın | shoulder blades | |
qumursqanın uyası/uyuğu/iyin | ant hill | qumursqanıŋ ini | |
ıyıq | holy | kiyeli, äwliye | holy |
dülöy, kereŋ | deaf | saŋıraw, kereŋ? | deaf |
badıraŋ | cucumber | qıyar (dial. bädriŋ) | cucumber |
ilgeri-ilgeri zamanda | long long ago | erte-ertede | long long ago |
çıqanaq | elbow | şıntaq (cognate??) | elbow |
jöndömö | noun case | septik | noun case |
möŋgü | glacier | muzart | glacier |
-ABL taja- | be fed up with | -ABL erğaştı bol- | be fed up with |
jan◌+LOC | next to | qas◌+LOC, jan◌+LOC | next to |
kirgiz- | enter (information) | engiz-, kirgiz- | enter (information) |
bülö | gum (in mouth) | tistiŋ eti | gum (in mouth) |
çalqan | nettle | qalaqay | nettle |
sıbızğı | bowed string instrument | qobız | bowed string instrument |
kiş, bulğun (lit.) | sable | bulğın | sable |
şeyşep | sheet | aqjayma | sheet? |
juurqan | blanket | körpe | blanket? |
töşök | sleeping mat | körpeşe | sleeping mat |
qaalğa | door to a yurt | ? | |
tema | topic | taqırıp | topic |
qalp, jalğan | lie (falsehood) | ötirik, jalğan | lie (falsehood) |
qalpıçı | liar | ötirkşi | liar |
şaş- | be in a hurry | asığ- | be in a hurry |
toqoy | forest | urman | forest |
çırmooq | vine | ? | |
jön ele | simply, just because | jay ğana | " |
topoz | yak | qodas | " |
jörgömüş | spider | örmekşi" | spider |
toburçaq | pinecone/etc. | bürşik | pinecone/etc. |
mamalaq | bear cub | qonjıq | bear cub |
mıymıy | kitten | marğaw, mäwlen | kitten |
çekit | dot/period | nükte | dot/period |
oroy | rude | döreki | rude |
üşü- | be cold | jawra-/toŋ- | be cold |
toŋ- | freeze | üsi- | freeze |
daroo | immediately/suddenly | birdesten | suddenly |
mala çay | watery tea | asıq şay | watery tea |
jıt | smell/scent | iyis | smell/scent |
tuura | immitate | elekte- | immitate |
ibelik | rolling pin | dembel?, oqtaw | rolling pin |
proyekt | project | joba | project |
plan, maqsat | plan | jospar | plan |
badal | bush | buta | bush |
şuru | bead, necklace | monşaq | bead |
monçoq, şuru | necklace | alqa | necklace |
daana | piece | tüyir | piece |
oturğuç | chair | orındıq | chair |
vʲílka | fork | şanışqı | fork |
şım | pants | şalbar | pants |
qorot- | waste | ? | |
oŋdo- | fix | jönde- | fix |
çoy- | stretch (vt.) | soz- | stretch |
türt- | push | türt-, iyter- | push |
telefon çal- | call (by phone) | zvonda- | call (by phone) |
kön- | get used to | qatıstır- | get used to (?) |
basım | (phonological) stress/accent | ekpin | (phonological) stress/accent |
çek sana- | doubt | şek qoy- | doubt (?) |
ulan-(t-) | last (continue) | jalğas-(tır-) | last (continue) |
almaştır- | change/switch | awıstır-/ayırbasta-/almastır- | change/switch |
iygilik | good luck, fortune | sättilik | good luck, fortune |
salt | tradition | dästür | tradition |
jıl- | move | jıljı- | move |
— | äsem | pretty (people or things) | |
äserese | especially | ||
çeke, maŋday | forehead | maŋday | forehead |
seyilde- | stroll, go for a walk | seriwende- | stroll, go for a walk |
sayabaq | park | ||
tarmal | curly (hair) | buyra | curly (hair) |
tuura emes | wrong, incorrect | burıs | wrong, incorrect |
öçür- | put out (a fire), turn off, erase | söndir-, öşir- | put out (a fire), turn off |
çoğul-, jıyna-l- | get together (i.v.) | jıyna-l- | get together (i.v.) |
eden | floor | ||
qаaqım | dandelion | baqbaq | dandelion |
juuru- | knead | iyle- | knead |
ibelik/übölük | rolling pin | oqtaw, bilik | rolling pin |
soq- | blow (of wind) | es-، soq- | blow (of wind) |
öydö | up | örge | up |
Words where cognate's form is different
(or where only part of cognate is the same; cognate pieces underlined)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
ayıl | village | awıl | village |
içke | narrow | jiŋişke | narrow |
iş/jumuş qıl- | to work | jumıs iste- | to work |
tiyeşelüü | concerning | tiyisti | concerning |
qatıstı | related to | ||
(bir) tuulğan | relative | tuwıs | relative |
erteŋ menen | morning | taŋ-erteŋ | morning |
etiş | verb | etistik | verb |
zat atooç | noun | zat esim | noun |
kiçinekey | little | kişkentay | little |
teskeriçe | backwards, other way around | kerisinşe | backwards, other way around |
tıyın çıçqan | squirrel | tiyin | squirrel |
naqta | real | nağız | real |
suroo | question | suraq | question |
qız quumay | girl chasing | qız quwıw | girl chasing |
amerikalıq | American | amerikandıq | American |
abayla! | be careful! | abay bol! | be careful! |
jarnama, jarnaq | advertisement | jarnaq | advertisement |
köçmön | nomad, nomadic | köşpendi | nomad, nomadic |
balalıq | childhood | balawsa | childhood |
oynooq | playful | oynaqı | playful |
şırdaq | felt rug | sırmaq | felt rug |
jetigen | the big dipper | jetiqaraqşı | the big dipper |
qandaydır bir | some kind of | älde qanday | some kind of |
suranıç | demand | suranıs | demand |
üçburçtuq | triangle | üşburış | triangle |
eerçi- | follow | er- | follow |
jıl- | move | jıljı- | move |
zamanbap | modern | zamanawıy | modern |
süröt tart- | draw/paint, take a picture | süwret sal- | draw/paint |
tuulğan kün | birthday | tuwğan kün | birthday |
közaynek | glasses | közildirik, közäynek | glasses |
qıçış- | itch | qışı- | itch |
Cognates where default variant is different
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
aqısız, tegin | free (of cost) | tegin, aqısız | " |
jardam, kömök | help, aid, assistance | kömek, jardam | " |
jönöt-, jiber- | send | jiber-, jönet-, jolda- | " |
jaqında | near | jaqında, juwıqta | " |
jaq- | to be pleasing to | jaq-, una- | " |
joluq-, kezdeş- | to meet (with) | kezdes- | " |
daraq, baq | tree | ağaş, daraq | " |
şaar | city | qala, şahar (dial.) | " |
jılmay- | smile | kül-, jımıy- | " |
muzdaq | cold (beverage) | muzdaq, muzday (dial.), salqın | " |
bat, tez, ıldam, baçım, qatuu | "fast" | tez, jıldam | " |
taqır | completely, bald | taqır | bald |
(tap-)taqır, müldö, tipti | completely, totally | mülde, tipti, tipten | " |
töş, kökürök | chest (anat.) | tös, kewde, omıraw, kökirek | " |
bürsügünü, ((n)arı künü?) | day after tomorrow | arı küni, bürsigüni | " |
ajatqana, daaratqana, töölöt | bathroom/toilet | däretxana, äjetxana, tüwälet | " |
dayar, dayın (dial.) | ready | dayın, dayar, saylawlı | " |
keleçek, (boloçoq) | future | bolaşaq, keleşek | " |
şamal, jel | wind, breeze | jel, samal | " |
jolu, iret | times | ret | " |
jalqoo, erin- | lazy, be lazy | jalqaw, erin- | " |
suuğa tüş | bathe, swim | şomılıw | " |
köbünçö, köbünese | mostly | köbinese, köbinşe | mostly |
sülgü (maylıq?) | towel | oramal, sülgi (suwlıq?) | towel |
Cognates with different vowel harmony
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
maalımat | information | mälimet, mağlumat | official information, information |
aalam | ~world | ğalam, älem | globe, world |
aba | air | awa, äwe | air |
baarı | all | bäri | all |
daarat | excrement | däret | excrement |
salam | a greeting | sälem | a greeting |
jana | and | jäne | and |
ayal | woman, wife | äyel | woman, wife |
qana | ~"let me see" | käne | ~"let me see" |
natıyja | result | nätiyje | result |
adabiyat | literature | ädebiyet | literature |
adabiy | literary | ädebiy | literary |
ubada | promise | wäde | promise |
parda | curtain | perde | curtain |
daroo | immediately | derew | quickly |
dart | illness | dert | illness |
kemçet | beaver | qamşat | otter |
eŋse- | desire (v.t.) | aŋsa- | desire (v.t.) |
mee | brain | mıy | brain |
miŋ | 1000 | mıŋ | 1000 |
idiş | dish | ıdıs | plate |
tıyın çıçqan | squirrel | tiyin | squirrel |
ısım | name | esim | name |
qadır | reputation | kädir | reputation |
araŋ | barely | äreŋ | barely |
alsız | weak | älsiz | weak |
ösiyet | osuyat | ||
adat | custom | ädet | custom |
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
maani | meaning | mağına, män | meaning |
ajatqana | toilet/bathroom | äjetxana; qajet | toilet/bathroom; necessary |
raqmat | thanks | raqmet | thanks |
qızmat | service | qızmet | service |
urmat | respect | qurmet | respect |
qata | mistake | qate | mistake |
mayram | celebration | meyram | celebration |
qalempir | pepper | qalampır | clove(s) |
misal | example | mısal | example |
kitep | book | kitap | book |
araket | attempt, try (~n.) | äreket | attempt, try (~n.) |
azır | now | qazir, äzir | now |
darek | address | derek | address |
tameki | cigarette, tobacco | temeki | cigarette, tobacco |
adabiy | literary | ädebiy | literary |
qadimki | usual | kädimgi | usual |
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
jıldız | star | juldız | star |
jıpar | perfume | jupar | perfume |
mın- | this (oblique forms) | mun- | this (oblique forms) |
büt- | to finish (v.i.) | bit- | to finish (v.i.) |
münöz | person's character | minez | person's character |
ötük | boot(s) | etik | boot(s) |
sülöösün | lynx | silewsin | lynx |
kökül | bangs | kekil | bangs |
şökülö | unmarried woman's tall hat | säwkele | unmarried woman's tall hat |
tumaq | fur hat | tımaq | fur hat |
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
jelee | web | ||
keçee/keçöö | yesterday | keşe | yesterday |
talaa | field | dala | field, outside |
baatır | ~hero | batır | ~hero |
taanı- | know | tanı- | know |
araa | saw | ara | saw |
uul | son | ul | son |
eer | saddle | er | saddle |
iyin | (ant)hole | in | (ant)hole |
it | dog | iyt | dog |
bit | louse | biyt | louse |
tarıx | history | tarıyx | history |
sıpat | character, quality | sıypat | character, quality |
insan | person | ıynsan | person |
süröt | picture | süwret | picture |
-(I)rAAK | -er | -(I)rAK | -er |
-(A)(ː)r/-BAAs | future indefinite | -(A)r/-MAs | future indefinite |
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
tobokel | risk (n.) | täwekel | risk (n.) |
şoola | ray of light | säwle, şağula | ray of light |
obon | melody/tune | äwen | melody/tune |
Other unexpected segmental differences
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
tanda- | choose | taŋda- | choose |
kölökö | shadow/shade | köleŋke | shadow/shade |
çalıq- | be tired of | jalıq- | be tired of |
bermet | pearl | meriwert | pearl |
tegirmen | mill | diyirmen | mill |
içke | thin | jiŋişke | thin |
uqta- | sleep | uyıqta- | sleep |
ıyla- | cry | jıla- | cry |
ır | song | jır | song |
ıldam | fast | jıldam | fast |
oquya | event | oqıyğa | event |
oygot- | wake up (t.v.) | oyat- | wake up (t.v.) |
çüçkür- | sneeze | tüşkir- | sneeze |
çıçqan | mouse | tışqan | mouse |
çıç- | poop | tış- | poop |
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
köpürö | bridge | köpir | bridge |
oqşo- | be similar | uqsa- | be similar |
ökmöt | government | ükimet | government |
böyrök | kidney | büyrek | kidney |
süylö- | speak | söyle- | speak |
aŋgeme | story | äŋgime | story |
Kazakh words some people don't know
Maybe they're from a different dialect, or literary, but they're in the dictionary and have cognates in Kyrgyz.
- mıq - nail (n.)
- öp- - kiss (v.t.)
- jıljıtpa amal - cunning plan
- jasa- - live (v.i.)
- kör - blind (adj)
- suwır - marmot
Uncategorised
- Kazakh jüye - system
- basqı, başqı
- Kazakh mülde
- Kyrgyz ayabay
- Kazakh saw bol-
- Kazakh abay bol-, Kyrgyz etiyet bol-
- Kyrgyz qamsız qıl-
- Kyrgyz jaşoo
- qarın/qursaq
- Kyrgyz adis 'specialty, specialist', Kazakh mamandıq 'specialty', maman 'specialist', ädis ?'specialty'
- Kazakh mätin
- Kazakh amal joq, Kyrgyz ayla joq
- mıq/jügir??/şege
- Kyrgyz mint-/mınti-, anti- (antkeni), oşent-, qanti-, tigint-; Kazakh öyt- (öytkeni), söyt-, qayti-
- Kyrgyz tigi
- Kazakh/Kyrgyz
jolı/jolu, ret/iret - Kazakh lıpıl
- Kyrgyz qıtığıla- / Kazakh qıtıqta-
- Kyrgyz küü / Kazakh küy
- Kyrgyz ölöŋ / Kazakh öleŋ
- Kyrgyz taandıq / Kazakh tän
- Kazakh jarlıq
- qarapayım/kademki(/kädemgi)
- Kazakh jappay?
- juduruq/judırıq, muştum
- jubaylar?
- soqur/soqır
- Kyrgyz atayı / Kazakh arnayı, ädeyi
- Kazakh sopaq (oval?)
- Kazakh puşıq (murındı)
- Kazakh alasa (boylı)
- Kazakh qaratorı
- Kazakh aqquba
- Kazakh eden
- Kazakh juwırda
- Kazakh mekenjay