Difference between revisions of "Turkic *z"
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* [[Turkic words that shouldn't be as they are#Tuvan]] (see ''ergi'') | * [[Turkic words that shouldn't be as they are#Tuvan]] (see ''ergi'') | ||
* The pronouns | * The pronouns | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Gaps === | ||
| + | {|class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! end in !! nouns !! adjectives !! verbs | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! s | ||
| + | | — (ses, ıs?) || || bas-, kes-, qos- | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! z | ||
| + | | qaz, tuz, köz || taz, tez || sez-, soz-, yaz- | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! r | ||
| + | | er, qar, tor || tar || kör, ter-, bar- | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Kyrgyz words with /r/ corresponding to other languages with /z/ === | ||
| + | * kir '''bilerik''' (kaz '''bilezik''', uzb '''bilaguzuk''', tur '''bilezik''', uig '''biläzük''') ← bilek+yüzük | ||
| + | * '''köküz'''/'''kökrek''' | ||
| + | * kir '''ör''' (OT '''üze/öze''', chv '''vir''', alt '''üzeri''', tur '''üzer''') | ||
| + | * kir '''adır''' ‘hill’ (OT '''atız''' ‘arable land between rivers’, kaz '''adır''' ‘hill’, uig '''adir''' ‘hill’ / '''atiz''' ‘arable land between rivers’, ...) | ||
| + | * kir '''öröön''' (kaz '''özen''') | ||
=== The stems to scrape and dig === | === The stems to scrape and dig === | ||
| Line 10: | Line 32: | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | + | ! lang !! scrape¹; demolish² !! dig³ !! squeeze | |
|- | |- | ||
| chv | | chv | ||
| Line 19: | Line 41: | ||
| | | | ||
|class="neut" | xas- | |class="neut" | xas- | ||
| + | |class="fem"| kıhay- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tuk | | tuk | ||
|class="masc"| ğaza-¹, ğır-¹,² | |class="masc"| ğaza-¹, ğır-¹,² | ||
|class="neut"| ğaz- | |class="neut"| ğaz- | ||
| + | |class="fem"| ğıs- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| aze | | aze | ||
| Line 35: | Line 59: | ||
|class="masc"| qır-¹ | |class="masc"| qır-¹ | ||
|class="neut"| qas- | |class="neut"| qas- | ||
| + | |class="fem"| qı's- ? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kjh | | kjh | ||
|class="masc"| xır- | |class="masc"| xır- | ||
|class="neut"| xas- | |class="neut"| xas- | ||
| + | |class="fem"| xıs- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kir | | kir | ||
|class="masc"| qır-¹ | |class="masc"| qır-¹ | ||
|class="neut"| qaz- | |class="neut"| qaz- | ||
| + | |class="fem"| qıs- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kaz | | kaz | ||
| Line 48: | Line 75: | ||
|class="neut"| qaz- | |class="neut"| qaz- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | === pairs === | ||
| + | see [[Non-productive_morphemes_in_Turkic#r/z and l/ş alternations]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | * jalbız / jalbıraq | ||
| + | * -sIz / -sIrA | ||
| + | * jıldız / jıltıraq | ||
== Turkic-external evidence == | == Turkic-external evidence == | ||
Latest revision as of 23:01, 26 November 2023
Contents
Turkic-internal evidence
- Non-productive morphemes in Turkic#r/z and l/ş alternations
- Non-productive morphemes in Turkic#Causatives
- Turkic words that shouldn't be as they are#!!!
- Turkic words that shouldn't be as they are#Tuvan (see ergi)
- The pronouns
Gaps
| end in | nouns | adjectives | verbs |
|---|---|---|---|
| s | — (ses, ıs?) | bas-, kes-, qos- | |
| z | qaz, tuz, köz | taz, tez | sez-, soz-, yaz- |
| r | er, qar, tor | tar | kör, ter-, bar- |
Kyrgyz words with /r/ corresponding to other languages with /z/
- kir bilerik (kaz bilezik, uzb bilaguzuk, tur bilezik, uig biläzük) ← bilek+yüzük
- köküz/kökrek
- kir ör (OT üze/öze, chv vir, alt üzeri, tur üzer)
- kir adır ‘hill’ (OT atız ‘arable land between rivers’, kaz adır ‘hill’, uig adir ‘hill’ / atiz ‘arable land between rivers’, ...)
- kir öröön (kaz özen)
The stems to scrape and dig
| lang | scrape¹; demolish² | dig³ | squeeze |
|---|---|---|---|
| chv | xər-² | xır- | |
| sah | xas- | kıhay- | |
| tuk | ğaza-¹, ğır-¹,² | ğaz- | ğıs- |
| aze | ğazı-¹³, ğır-² | ğaz-¹³ | |
| cjs | qır-¹ | qas- | |
| tyv | qır-¹ | qas- | qı's- ? |
| kjh | xır- | xas- | xıs- |
| kir | qır-¹ | qaz- | qıs- |
| kaz | qır-¹ | qaz- |
pairs
see Non-productive_morphemes_in_Turkic#r/z and l/ş alternations
- jalbız / jalbıraq
- -sIz / -sIrA
- jıldız / jıltıraq
Turkic-external evidence
*s → s/z/r/r
- *qās (← PIE *ǵʰáns?)
- *qās — sah: xās, kjh: xas, tyv/alt/cjs: qas
- *qāz — kaz/kir: qaz, gag: qāz, tuk: ğāz
- *qār — chv: xur
- *sese- (← PIE *sent-?)
- *ses-
- *sez-
- *sere-
- *yes (← PIE *ai̯os / Tokh. *yäs / Tokh. A. yasa ?)
- *jes/*çes
- *yez/*jez
- *yās (← PIE *i̯ōr-?)
- *jās/*çās
- *yāz/jāz
- *jār/*çār chv: śur
- *hökiz (← PIE *uks-en-, *pek-u- ?)
- *ökis/*öküs — sah: oğus
- *ökiz/*öküz
- *ökür — chv: wåkår
- *hüker/*hükür
- *busağu/bısağu (← PIE *mozǵʰo-s ?)
- *bısağ(u)/*busağ(u) — tyv: bızā, alt: bıza, cjs: puza, kjs: pızo
- *buzağ(u)/*bısağ(u) — kaz: buzaw, tat: bızaw, kir: muzō, uzb: buzåq, uig: mozaj, tur: buzağu, gag: buzā, aze: bızov
- *burağ(u) — chv: påru
- *birağu/*burağu
- *sira(?) ‘marsh, dirt’
- *sas — alt/khj/: sas
- *saz/*sāz — kaz/kir/tat/nog/uig: saz, bak: hað, uzb: såz
- *şār(?) — chv: şur/şur(ə), hun: šār
- *sira-ğu — mng: širağu
- *yüs-ük
- *çüsük/*jüsük
- *yüzük/*jüsük
- *jürü/*çürü — chv: śör/śörö(?), hun: jǖrǖ
- *dörü
*s → r/r/r/r
just a list to sort for now
- *semis, *semis- → semis/semiz, semir-
- *kör
- *bilek+*yüzük → bilezik/bilerik
- (är-)
- *as, *asaŋ → as/az, araŋ
*s → s/s/s/s
- *kes(?)-
- *kes-/*ke's-
- *kes-/*käs-
- *kas-
- *kasu-
