PIE vs Turkic Swadesh list: Difference between revisions

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Leipzig-Jakarta list
Line 433: Line 433:
| 207 || name || [[:wiktionary:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁nómn̥|*h₁nómn̥]]
| 207 || name || [[:wiktionary:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁nómn̥|*h₁nómn̥]]
|}
|}
== Leipzig-Jakarta list ==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! № !! English !! Proto-Indo-European !! Proto-Turkic !! correspondence?
|-
| 1  || fire  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 2  || nose  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 3  || to go  ||  ||
|-
| 4  || water  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 5  || mouth  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 6  || tongue  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 7  || blood  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 8  || bone  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 9  || 2nd-person singular pronoun (you)  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 10  || root  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 11  || to come  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 12  || breast  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 13  || rain  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 14  || 1st-person singular pronoun (I/me)  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 15  || name  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 16  || louse  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 17  || wing  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 18  || flesh/meat  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 19  || arm/hand  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 20  || fly  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 21  || night  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 22  || ear  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 23  || neck  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 24  || far  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 25  || to do/make  ||  ||
|-
| 26  || house  ||  ||
|-
| 27  || stone/rock  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 28  || bitter  ||  ||
|-
| 29  || to say  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 30  || tooth  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 31  || hair  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 32  || big  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 33  || one  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 34  || who?  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 35  || 3rd-person singular pronoun (he/she/it/him/her)  ||  ||
|-
| 36  || to hit/beat  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 37  || leg/foot  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 38  || horn  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 39  || this  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 40  || fish  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 41  || yesterday  ||  ||
|-
| 42  || to drink  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 43  || black  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 44  || navel  ||  ||
|-
| 45  || to stand  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 46  || to bite  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 47  || back  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 48  || wind  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 49  || smoke  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 50  || what?  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 51  || child (kin term)  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 52  || egg  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 53  || to give  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 54  || new  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 55  || to burn (intr.)  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 56  || not  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 57  || good  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 58  || to know  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 59  || knee  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 60  || sand  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 61  || to laugh  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 62  || to hear  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 63  || soil  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 64  || leaf  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 65  || red  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 66  || liver  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 67  || to hide  ||  ||
|-
| 68  || skin/hide  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 69  || to suck  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 70  || to carry  ||  ||
|-
| 71  || ant  ||  ||
|-
| 72  || heavy  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 73  || to take  ||  ||
|-
| 74  || old  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 75  || to eat  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 76  || thigh  ||  ||
|-
| 77  || thick  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 78  || long  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 79  || to blow  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 80  || wood  ||  ||
|-
| 81  || to run  ||  ||
|-
| 82  || to fall  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 83  || eye  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 84  || ash  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 85  || tail  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 86  || dog  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 87  || to cry/weep  ||  ||
|-
| 88  || to tie  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 89  || to see  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 90  || sweet  ||  ||
|-
| 91  || rope  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 92  || shade/shadow  ||  ||
|-
| 93  || bird  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 94  || salt  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 95  || small  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 96  || wide  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 97  || star  || _COPY_  || _COPY_
|-
| 98  || in  ||  || _COPY_
|-
| 99  || hard  ||  ||
|-
| 100  || to crush/grind  ||  ||
|}


[[Category:Historical Linguistics]]
[[Category:Historical Linguistics]]
[[Category:Turkic Languages]]
[[Category:Turkic Languages]]
[[Category:Linguistic Relations]]
[[Category:Linguistic Relations]]

Revision as of 03:19, 4 May 2026

Copied from https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Proto-Indo-European_Swadesh_list

English Proto-Indo-European Proto-Turkic correspondence?
1 I (1sg) *éǵh₂ *bi strong
*-mi
2 you (2sg) *túh, *te *si strong
*-si
3 he, she, it (3sg) *ís, *íh₂, *íd
4 we (1pl) *wéy, *wé
5 you (2pl) *yū, *yú
6 they (3pl) *éyes
7 this *só ḱe, *séh₂ ḱe, *tód ḱe bu none
8 that *só h₂en, *séh₂ h₂en, *tód h₂en ti, ku, ... possible
9 here *ḱi, *ḱe
10 there *h₂en
11 who *kʷís (pron.), *kʷós (adj.) *kim strong
12 what *kʷíd (pron.), *kʷód (adj.)
13 where *kú, *kúdʰe
14 when *kʷodéh₂
15 how *kʷónoh₁, *kʷéy, *kʷih₁
16 not *n̥-, *né -mA strong
ma
17 all *h₂el-
18 many *monogʰos
19 some *kaylo-, *solwo-
20 few *peh₂w-
21 other *h₂élyos, *h₂el-nó-
22 one *(H)óynos, *(H)óykos, *(H)óywos, *sḗm *bir strong
before, in front, first *per
23 two *dwóh₁, *dwó
24 three *tréyes
25 four *kʷetwóres *tȫrt possible
26 five *pénkʷe *bēş possible
27 big *méǵh₂s
28 long *dl̥h₁gʰós
29 wide *stelh₃ós
30 thick *bʰenǵʰ-, *tégus
31 heavy *gʷréh₂us *ağr possible
32 small *mey-
33 short *mréǵʰus, *(s)ker-
34 narrow *h₂enǵʰ-
35 thin *ténh₂us
36 woman *gʷḗn, *h₁esor-
37 man (adult male) *h₂nḗr, *wiHrós
38 man (human being) *mon-, *ǵʰmṓ
39 child *ǵénh₁mn̥
40 wife *pótnih₂
41 husband *wiHrós, *pótis
42 mother *méh₂tēr
43 father *átta, *ph₂tḗr *at(t)a, *ap(p)a, strong
44 animal *dʰewsóm, *ǵʰwer- *kejik
45 fish *dʰǵʰu-, *peysk-
46 bird *h₂éwis quş possible
47 dog *ḱwṓ
48 louse *ḱ(o)nid-, *lewH- **bita(?) none
tick ?*känä possible
49 snake *h₂éngʷʰis, *(s)néHtr̥ (derived) none
50 worm *wr̥mis, *kʷŕ̥mis qurt
ant *qumɨrs(-ğa) strong
51 tree *dóru (genitive *dréws)
poplar teräk strong
52 forest
53 stick *ǵʰasto-
54 fruit
55 seed *séh₁mn̥
56 leaf *lewbʰ-, *bʰolh₃yom
57 root *wréh₂ds
58 bark (of a tree) *bʰerHǵós
59 flower *bʰleh₃-
60 grass *koyno-
61 rope *h₁roypnós
62 skin *pel-, *twékos
63 meat *mḗms, *krewh₂-
64 blood *krewh₂-, *h₁ésh₂r̥
65 bone *h₂óst, *kost-
66 fat (noun) *smérus
67 egg *h₂ōwyóm
68 horn *ḱr̥nom, *ḱerh₂(s), *ḱerh₂sr̥, *koru
69 tail *dewmbʰ-, *ul
70 feather *péth₂r̥ *tǖk none
71 hair *pulh₂-
72 head *káput-, *gʰébʰōl
73 ear *h₂ṓws
74 eye *h₃ókʷs
75 nose *Hnéh₂s
76 mouth *h₃éh₁os
77 tooth *h₃dónts, *ǵómbʰos
78 tongue (organ) *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s
79 fingernail *h₃negʰ-
80 foot *pṓds
81 leg *kónh₂m
82 knee *ǵónu
83 hand *ǵʰésr̥, *mar-
84 wing *péth₂r̥
85 belly *úderos
86 guts *eh₁ter-
87 neck *mon-
88 back
89 breast *peg-, *pstḗn
90 heart *ḱḗr (genitive *ḱr̥dés)
91 liver *Hyékʷr̥
92 to drink *píph₃eti, *h₁egʷʰ-
93 to eat *h₁ed-
94 to bite *denḱ-, *h₁ed-
95 to suck *dʰeh₁(y)-
96 to spit *(s)ptyēw-
97 to vomit *wemh₁-, *h₁rewg-
98 to blow *h₂weh₁-
99 to breathe *pnew-
100 to laugh *(s)mey-
101 to see *derḱ-, *weyd-
102 to hear *ḱlew-
103 to know *ǵneh₃-, *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti, *weyd-
104 to think *memóne, *teng-
105 to smell *h₃ed-
106 to fear *h₂egʰ-
107 to sleep *swep-, *drem-
108 to live *gʷeyh₃-
109 to die *mer-, *dʰew-
110 to kill *gʷʰen-
111 to fight *keh₃-
112 to hunt *weyh₁-, *sekʷh₃-
113 to hit *pleh₂k-
114 to cut *kr̥t-
115 to split *skéydt, *skinédti
116 to stab *dʰeygʷ-, *bʰedʰh₂-
117 to scratch *gerbʰ-
118 to dig *dʰeygʷ-
119 to swim *(s)neh₂-
120 to fly *peth₂-, *gʷel-
121 to walk *gʰredʰ-
122 to come *gʷémt, *gʷm̥sḱéti, *gʷeh₂-
123 to lie (as in a bed) *légʰyeti, *ḱéytor
124 to sit *sédt, *sísdeti
125 to stand *stéh₂t, *stestóh₂e, *stísteh₂ti
126 to turn (intransitive) *wert-
127 to fall *ḱh₂d-
128 to give *déh₃t, *dédeh₃ti
129 to hold *segʰ-
130 to squeeze *pisd-, *werǵʰ-
131 to rub *melh₂-
132 to wash *lewh₃-, *neygʷ-
133 to wipe *h₃merǵ-
134 to pull *tragʰ-
135 to push *(s)tew-
136 to throw *swep-
137 to tie
138 to sew *syuh₁-
139 to count *dol-, *del-
140 to say *sekʷ-, *wéwket
141 to sing *kan-
142 to play
143 to float *plew-
144 to flow *plew-
145 to freeze *gel-
146 to swell *tewh₂-
147 sun *sóh₂wl̥
148 moon *mḗh₁n̥s, *lówksneh₂
149 star *h₂stḗr
150 water *h₂ekʷeh₂, *h₂ep-, *wódr̥
151 rain *h₂ekmon
152 river *h₂ékʷeh₂
153 lake *h₂ep-
154 sea *móri
155 salt *séh₂ls
156 stone *h₂éḱmō
157 sand *sámh₂dʰos
158 dust *pers-
159 earth *dʰéǵʰōm
160 cloud *nébʰos
161 fog *snewdʰ-
162 sky *dyḗws
163 wind *ḱewero-, *h₂wéh₁n̥ts
164 snow *snóygʷʰos
165 ice *yeǵ-
166 smoke *dʰuh₂mós
167 fire *h₂eh₁ter-, *h₁n̥gʷnis, *péh₂wr̥
168 ash *h₂eHs-
169 to burn *dʰegʷʰ-, *swel-, *h₁ews-
170 road *pónth₁s
171 mountain *men-, *bʰerǵʰ-
172 red *h₁rewdʰós
173 green *ǵʰelh₃-, *gʰreh₁-
174 yellow *ǵʰelh₃-
175 white *h₂elbʰós
176 black *swordós, *h₂ems-, *kr̥snós
177 night *nókʷts
178 day *h₂eǵh-, *dei-n-
179 year *yeh₁-, *wétos
180 warm *tep-, *gʷʰer-
181 cold *gel-
182 full *pl̥h₁nós
183 new *néwos
184 old *sénos, *ǵérh₂onts
185 good *bʰed-, *h₁su-, *h₁wésus
186 bad *h₂wap-, *dus-
187 rotten *puH-
188 dirty *swerd-
189 straight *h₃reǵtós
190 round
191 sharp (as a knife) *h₁edʰ-, *h₂eḱrós
192 dull (as a knife) *dʰwel-
193 smooth *gʰleh₂dʰ-
194 wet *wed-
195 dry *ters-
196 correct *weh₁-
197 near *h₁opi, *h₁epi, *h₂énti
198 far *wí
199 right *deḱs-
200 left *leh₂iwós
201 at *h₁epi, *opi, *h₂éd, *h₃ebʰi, *h₃bʰi
202 in *h₁en, *h₁(e)ntér
203 with *ḱóm, *pe, *me
204 and *-kʷe, *de, *nu, *h₁é
205 if
206 because
207 name *h₁nómn̥

Leipzig-Jakarta list

English Proto-Indo-European Proto-Turkic correspondence?
1 fire _COPY_ _COPY_
2 nose _COPY_ _COPY_
3 to go
4 water _COPY_ _COPY_
5 mouth _COPY_ _COPY_
6 tongue _COPY_ _COPY_
7 blood _COPY_ _COPY_
8 bone _COPY_ _COPY_
9 2nd-person singular pronoun (you) _COPY_ _COPY_
10 root _COPY_ _COPY_
11 to come _COPY_ _COPY_
12 breast _COPY_ _COPY_
13 rain _COPY_ _COPY_
14 1st-person singular pronoun (I/me) _COPY_ _COPY_
15 name _COPY_ _COPY_
16 louse _COPY_ _COPY_
17 wing _COPY_
18 flesh/meat _COPY_ _COPY_
19 arm/hand _COPY_ _COPY_
20 fly _COPY_
21 night _COPY_ _COPY_
22 ear _COPY_ _COPY_
23 neck _COPY_ _COPY_
24 far _COPY_
25 to do/make
26 house
27 stone/rock _COPY_ _COPY_
28 bitter
29 to say _COPY_ _COPY_
30 tooth _COPY_ _COPY_
31 hair _COPY_ _COPY_
32 big _COPY_ _COPY_
33 one _COPY_ _COPY_
34 who? _COPY_ _COPY_
35 3rd-person singular pronoun (he/she/it/him/her)
36 to hit/beat _COPY_
37 leg/foot _COPY_ _COPY_
38 horn _COPY_ _COPY_
39 this _COPY_ _COPY_
40 fish _COPY_ _COPY_
41 yesterday
42 to drink _COPY_ _COPY_
43 black _COPY_ _COPY_
44 navel
45 to stand _COPY_ _COPY_
46 to bite _COPY_ _COPY_
47 back _COPY_
48 wind _COPY_
49 smoke _COPY_ _COPY_
50 what? _COPY_ _COPY_
51 child (kin term) _COPY_
52 egg _COPY_ _COPY_
53 to give _COPY_ _COPY_
54 new _COPY_ _COPY_
55 to burn (intr.) _COPY_ _COPY_
56 not _COPY_ _COPY_
57 good _COPY_ _COPY_
58 to know _COPY_ _COPY_
59 knee _COPY_ _COPY_
60 sand _COPY_ _COPY_
61 to laugh _COPY_
62 to hear _COPY_ _COPY_
63 soil _COPY_ _COPY_
64 leaf _COPY_ _COPY_
65 red _COPY_ _COPY_
66 liver _COPY_ _COPY_
67 to hide
68 skin/hide _COPY_ _COPY_
69 to suck _COPY_
70 to carry
71 ant
72 heavy _COPY_
73 to take
74 old _COPY_
75 to eat _COPY_ _COPY_
76 thigh
77 thick _COPY_
78 long _COPY_ _COPY_
79 to blow _COPY_
80 wood
81 to run
82 to fall _COPY_
83 eye _COPY_ _COPY_
84 ash _COPY_ _COPY_
85 tail _COPY_ _COPY_
86 dog _COPY_ _COPY_
87 to cry/weep
88 to tie _COPY_
89 to see _COPY_ _COPY_
90 sweet
91 rope _COPY_
92 shade/shadow
93 bird _COPY_ _COPY_
94 salt _COPY_
95 small _COPY_ _COPY_
96 wide _COPY_
97 star _COPY_ _COPY_
98 in _COPY_
99 hard
100 to crush/grind