Similarities to Turkic

The orthography used to represent Turkic languages on this page is a phonemic system based on Turkish orthography. This is done to avoid focusing on the phonetic differences between different languages used. The IPA is used when describing the phonetics of Turkic languages.

Turkic words which are similar to words in other language groups

Technology

• altın - gold
  • Finnish kulta gold
  • Germanic gold

• bulat - steel, balta - axe
  • Tokharian porat, peret axe
  • Proto-IE pelk'- chop

• ara - saw
  • Tokharian áre plough (n.)

Nature

• alma - apple
  • Germanic *æpl
  • Russian jablo-
  • Latin/Romance pom-
  • Greek melo-
  • Proto-IE HebOl-

• kün - day, sun
  • Germanic sun

• yil - year
  • English year
  • Proto-IE yōr-

• yaz (*yaaŕ) - spring
  • Proto-IE yōr- year

• ań - moon, month
  • (Proto-Altaic *ā́ńu, most Turkic ay)
  • Latin annus - year
  • Gothic *aþni - year

• yer - earth, land
  • Germanic erd
  • English yard, earth
  • Semitic ˀarḍ earth
  • Tokharian B yare gravel

• ot - grass
  • Tokharian āti grass
  • Proto-IE ad- grain

• suw - water
  • Proto-IE seu-, su- rain, flow
  • Mongolian (?forgot)
  • Chinese (?forgot)

• yapraq - leaf
  • Arabic varaq leaf?, page?
  • Persian barg leaf?
  • Tokharian pält, pilta
  • Proto-IE bʰel

• bulaq - spring, well
  • Latin flus- river
  • Proto-IE bhleu-gʷ- overflow
  • English flow

• teke - goat
  • Proto-IE tek- to flow, to run

• lağ - meadow
  • Balto-Slavic *plãka (?) pl:łąka, ru:lug

Verbs

• qal - stay
  • Germanic halt, hold

• ber - give
  • Proto-IE bher - carry, bear
  • Russian брать - take

• piçir - cook
  • Proto-IE pekw-
  • Russian печь
  • Tokharian päk-

• tur - stand
  • Germanic en: dare, yi: tor

• je - eat
  • Proto-IE ed- - eat

• çab- - cut
  • English chop
  • Spanish zapatas - shoes
  • French sabotage

• ekʷ- - drink
  • Proto-IE *ekʷ- - drink
  • Turkic iç - drink
  • Tokharian yok

• gäp-ir - word, speak
  • English jabber, gab
  • Russian говорить - speak
  • Proto-IE gebh- - jaw, mouth

• öl - die
  • Tokharian wäl

• teg - touch
  • English touch
  • Tokharian tek

Body parts

• PrTk. *padaq - foot
  • Proto-IE ped, pod

• but - foot
  • Proto-IE *pod- - foot, en: boot, foot

• el - hand
  • English el

• qol - hand, arm
  • Germanic hand, hold

• caq / cağ - jaw
  • English jaw

• qulaq - ear
  • Tokharian B klautso

• meŋä / miy - brain
  • Russian мозг brain
  • Hebrew MWX brain
    • Yiddish moyex brain
  • Sogdian m'g

• murt - mustache
  • Proto-IE *bʰardʰ- beard

Numerals

• bir - one
  • English first, fore
  • Romance prim-
  • Proto-IE prHuo-, pro-wo-, perǝ, pro first, fore, ahead
  • Tokharian parwe

• ek(k)i - two
  • English second
  • Proto-IE sekʷ follow
  • Finnish kaksi (?)

• tört - four
  • Tokharian çtwar, çtwer
  • Proto-IE kwetwores

• beş - five
  • Proto-IE penkwe
  • Tokharian pañä, piç, piś

• jet(t)i - seven
  • Tokharian s.pät, sukt
  • Proto-IE septom

• sekiz - eight
  • Tokharian okat, okt
  • Proto-IE októ

• tümen - ten thousand
  • Tokharian tmām; tumane, tmāne

People

• qağan - ruler, khan
  • Hebrew kohen

• qız - girl, daughter
  • English kid, kith

• er - male, man
  • Proto-IE *er - bull, male

• äke - father
  • Tokharian pácar, pacer

Grammatical

• qay - (qaysı - which, qayda - where, (kim - who,) etc)
  • Proto-IE kwe (?)

• orta - middle, centre
  • Tokharian orto up

• oqşa- - like, similar
  • Tokharian oki like

Other

• yaxşı - good
  • Proto-IE meH-, wEsu- (?)

• aul - village (field?) (awla - yard)
  • English hall

• aq - "white"
  • Proto-IE arg'- - white, shine
  • Tokharian árki , árkwi- white

• qut - fortune
  • Germanic en: good

• antar - turn over
  • Proto-IE ant front
  • Tokharian ánt through, across, ánt, ánte forehead
  • Germanic anðar other

• tınç - peace
  • Tokharian tunk love

• süt - milk
  • Proto-IE swād sweet

• ülkän - big
  • Tokharian walke long

Notes

• Tokharian (B?) /ä/ was probably [ɨ]
• When two Tokharian words given, first is Tokharian A, second is Tokharian B