Difference between revisions of "Lexical differences between Kazakh and Kyrgyz"
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| '''sın alğı''' || television || '''teledıydar''' || television | | '''sın alğı''' || television || '''teledıydar''' || television | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | qaarman || hero, character || '''keyipker''' || character | + | | qaarman (''sometimes'' keyipker) || hero, character || '''keyipker''' || character |
|- | |- | ||
| || || '''munay''' || [earth] oil | | || || '''munay''' || [earth] oil | ||
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| tap-taqır || completely || mülde, tipten || completely | | tap-taqır || completely || mülde, tipten || completely | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | mayram || celebration, holiday || '''mereke''', mayram || celebration, holiday | + | | mayram (''maarake'') || celebration, holiday || '''mereke''', mayram || celebration, holiday |
|- | |- | ||
| '''qılım''' || century || '''ğasır''' || century | | '''qılım''' || century || '''ğasır''' || century | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''boz üy''' || yurt || '''kiyiz üy''' || yurt | + | | '''boz üy''' (''kiyiz üy'') || yurt || '''kiyiz üy''' || yurt |
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''tepkiç''' || stairs, ladder || '''baspaldaq''', '''şatı''' || stairs, ladder | + | | '''tepkiç''', '''basqıç''' || stairs, ladder || '''baspaldaq''', '''şatı''' || stairs, ladder |
|- | |- | ||
− | | || || keste || schedule | + | | '''jürgürtmö''' || schedule || '''keste''' || schedule |
|- | |- | ||
| '''tootpo-''', '''etibar qılba-''', '''köŋül salba-''' || ignore / not pay attention to || eleme- || ignore (not pay attention to) | | '''tootpo-''', '''etibar qılba-''', '''köŋül salba-''' || ignore / not pay attention to || eleme- || ignore (not pay attention to) | ||
Line 234: | Line 234: | ||
| || || täwir || decent | | || || täwir || decent | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | urmat, sıy, ızaat || respect || qurmet, sıy, qoşemet, izet || respect | + | | urmat, sıy, ızaat, qoşamat || respect || qurmet, sıy, qoşemet, izet || respect |
|- | |- | ||
| qayra, qayta || back (''p.i.''), again || qayta || back (''p.i.''), again | | qayra, qayta || back (''p.i.''), again || qayta || back (''p.i.''), again | ||
Line 244: | Line 244: | ||
| '''topçu''', tüymö || button (on clothing) || tüyme || | | '''topçu''', tüymö || button (on clothing) || tüyme || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | kir, | + | | kir, ıplas || dirty, morally dirty || kir, '''las''' || dirty |
|- | |- | ||
| '''jay''' || summer || jaz || summer | | '''jay''' || summer || jaz || summer | ||
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| '''taarın-''' || to get offended || '''ökpele-''' || to get offended | | '''taarın-''' || to get offended || '''ökpele-''' || to get offended | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | zarıl || necessary/necessarily || qajet || necessary/necessarily | + | | zarıl, qajet? || necessary/necessarily || qajet || necessary/necessarily |
|- | |- | ||
| '''küzgü''' || mirror || '''ayna''' || mirror | | '''küzgü''' || mirror || '''ayna''' || mirror | ||
Line 258: | Line 258: | ||
| '''qoşuna''' || neighbour || '''körşi''' || neighbour | | '''qoşuna''' || neighbour || '''körşi''' || neighbour | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | böbök || baby || '''säbiy''', '''närestey''', '''böpe''', äldiy?, böbek? || baby | + | | böbök, nariste, böpö, (''lit.'' aldey) || baby || '''säbiy''', '''närestey''', '''böpe''', äldiy?, böbek? || baby |
|- | |- | ||
| '''ulaan''', '''ula(n(t))'''- || continuing (''adj.''); continue (''v.i.''), keep doing, continue (''?'') || uzar(t)- || to continue (''v.i., v.t.'') | | '''ulaan''', '''ula(n(t))'''- || continuing (''adj.''); continue (''v.i.''), keep doing, continue (''?'') || uzar(t)- || to continue (''v.i., v.t.'') | ||
Line 264: | Line 264: | ||
| (aylana)-('''çöyrö''') || environs || (aynala)-('''qorşaw''') || environs | | (aylana)-('''çöyrö''') || environs || (aynala)-('''qorşaw''') || environs | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''jooker''', (sarboz (''archaic'')) || soldier || '''sarbaz''' || soldier | + | | '''jooker''', (sarboz, sarbaz (''archaic'')) || soldier || '''sarbaz''' || soldier |
|- | |- | ||
| '''atayın''' || on purpose || '''qasaqana''' || on purpose | | '''atayın''' || on purpose || '''qasaqana''' || on purpose | ||
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| '''ırğıt-''' || throw, chuck || '''laqtır-''' || throw, chuck | | '''ırğıt-''' || throw, chuck || '''laqtır-''' || throw, chuck | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''paymandas''' || brave || '''batıl''', '''betti''', '''jalaŋ tös''' || brave | + | | '''paymandas''', '''er jürök''', '''taymanbas''' || brave || '''batıl''', '''betti''', '''jalaŋ tös''' || brave |
|- | |- | ||
| '''muştum''' || fist || '''judırıq''' || fist | | '''muştum''' || fist || '''judırıq''' || fist | ||
Line 278: | Line 278: | ||
| '''borbor''' || center || oşaq || center | | '''borbor''' || center || oşaq || center | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''soy-''' || slaughter [livestock] (and cutting other things open, like watermelons) || | + | | '''soy-''', moozda- || slaughter [livestock] (and cutting other things open, like watermelons) || bawızda- || slaughter [livestock] |
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''tosqool''' || hindrance, obstacle || | + | | '''tosqool''', '''bögöt''' || hindrance, obstacle || böget || hindrance, obstacle |
|- | |- | ||
| tekst || text || '''mätin''' || text | | tekst || text || '''mätin''' || text | ||
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| eşikte || outside || dalada || outside | | eşikte || outside || dalada || outside | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''çurqa-''' || run || jügir- || run | + | | '''çurqa-''', jügür- || run || jügir- || run |
|- | |- | ||
− | | ACC/ABL ooz tiy- || taste (v.t.) || GEN däm◌+ACC tat- || taste (v.t.) | + | | ACC/ABL ooz tiy-, daam sız- || taste (v.t.) || GEN däm◌+ACC tat- || taste (v.t.) |
|- | |- | ||
| '''tamaşa''' || joke || '''äzil''' || joke | | '''tamaşa''' || joke || '''äzil''' || joke | ||
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| ? || || '''jawırın''' || shoulder blades | | ? || || '''jawırın''' || shoulder blades | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | qumursqanın <u>uya</u>sı/<u>uyuğ</u>u/<u>iyin</u> || ant hill || qumursqanıŋ <u>'''in'''</u>i |
|- | |- | ||
| '''ıyıq''' || holy || '''kiyeli''', '''äwliye''' || holy | | '''ıyıq''' || holy || '''kiyeli''', '''äwliye''' || holy | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''dülöy''', kereŋ | + | | '''dülöy''', kereŋ || deaf || '''saŋıraw''', kereŋ? || deaf |
|- | |- | ||
| '''badıraŋ''' || cucumber || '''qıyar''' (dial. bädriŋ) || cucumber | | '''badıraŋ''' || cucumber || '''qıyar''' (dial. bädriŋ) || cucumber | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| jan◌+LOC || next to || '''qas'''◌+LOC, jan◌+LOC || next to | | jan◌+LOC || next to || '''qas'''◌+LOC, jan◌+LOC || next to | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | kirgiz- || enter (information) || '''engiz-''', kirgiz- || enter (information) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''bülö''' || gum (in mouth) || tistiŋ eti || gum (in mouth) | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 14:48, 17 June 2009
The orthography used to represent Turkic languages on this page is a phonemic system based on Turkish orthography. |
This is here mainly to quantify lexical differences between Kazakh and Kyrgyz.
For further information on sound correspondence issues, see Turkic sound changes and Turkic words that shouldn't be as they are.
Contents
False friends A
(Words that look/sound similar, but meaning different - probably unrelated)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
tamaşa | a joke | tamaşa | perfect |
zaŋ | shit | zaŋ | law |
saz | swamp | saz | melody |
ıya | huh? | iyä | yes |
say- | to plug in, stab, inject, stick in, fuck | sayıs- | to compete |
ıyıq | holy | ıyıq | shoulder |
False friends B
(Words that look/sound similar, but meaning different - probably related)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
arman | a regret, a sorrow | arman | dream / a wish for something to come |
eje | mother | äje | grandmother |
apa | mother | apa | older female [relative] |
bayke (<*bay ake), ağa | older brother | äke; ağa | father; older brother |
juma | friday, week | juma | friday (, dial. week) |
jönököy | simple | jönekey | ? |
jön | simply | jön | normal?, correct? |
jay | slow | jay | slow, simple, quiet |
tamga | letter (of alphabet) | taŋba | ~sign, tamga |
jığaç | wood | ağaş | tree, wood |
baq | tree, garden | baq | garden |
tuura | correct, straight | tuwra | straight |
durus | ? | durıs | correct |
aruu | ~pure (adj.) | arıw | beautiful girl (n.) |
qalta | ~cloth/sack for carrying something | qalta | |
uq- | listen | uq- | ~understand |
şaş- | hurry | sas- | be panicked (about) |
oromo | a wrapped steamed ~dumpling | oralma | headscarf |
orol- | to be wrapped | oral- | return (v.i.), come back, ..? |
qarma- | hold | qarma- | catch |
ata | father | ata | grandfather |
qabırğa | rib(s) | qabırğa | wall, rib(s) |
qalempir | pepper | qalampır | clove(s) |
qaalağan | any | qalağan | [something] that's wanted |
kez kelgen | that's turn/time has come (?) | kez kelgen | any |
tuu- | to bear child (animal) | tuw- | to bear child (general/human) |
alp | big, strong; giant (adj.), huge | alıp | hero, giant (n.); big, strong |
döö | cyclops, monster | däw | huge (slang) |
min- | to ride an animal | min- | to ride an animal; climb up, to get on (a bus) |
qayra | back (p.i.), again; (returning herd animals to corral?) | qayıra | returning herd animals to corral |
beldik | [woman's] backband, girth?, girdle? | beldik | backband, girth, girdle, belt |
köktöm (archaic) | early spring | köktem | spring, early spring |
jaz | spring | jaz | summer |
el | nation, people | el | nation, people, state, country |
ölkö | country, state | ölke | area of land (specific? general?) |
aqırın | quietly, slowly, (deliberately?) | aqırın | quietly, slowly, carefully, (deliberately?) |
bat- | to fit (in somewhere), to set (heavenly body), ... | bat- | to set (heavenly body) |
Words where cognate doesn't exist
(bold = word doesn't exist as cognate; every line should have at least one bolded word)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
üy bülö | family | otbası | family |
ooba | yes | iyä | yes |
ıya? | huh? | ||
tataal | complicated/complex | keşendi | complicated/complex |
qotor- | translate, convert | awdar- | translate, convert |
emerek | furniture | jıyhaz | furniture |
je (emese) | or (if so) | nemese | or |
daroo | immediately | birden | " |
qoqus(tan) | suddenly | ? | |
ayant | [city] square | alaŋ | " |
(suuğa) tüş- | şomalda- | to bathe | |
qooz | pleasant to look at (not person) | ? | |
mıyzam | law | zaŋ | " |
unaa | means of transportation | kölik | " |
ele | (many uses) | — | |
da | (mood marker) | — | |
elek | (tense marker - "not yet") | — | |
jomoq | fairy tale | ertek | " |
obon | melody | saz | " |
ır | song | än | " |
ırda- | sing | än ayt- | " |
manja | finger | sawsaq | " |
uy | cow | sıyır | " |
çaqa (dial. çelek) | bucket | şelek | bucket |
apta (dial.) | week | apta | week |
çöntök | qalta | ||
uq- | listen, hear | esit- | hear |
uq- | listen, hear | tıŋda- | listen |
başqaruuçu | boss | bastıq | boss |
izilde- | research | zerte- | research |
kiyinki | next, following | kelesi | next, following |
jooluq | scarf | oralma | headscarf |
toqoy | forest | orman | forest |
qarma- | hold | usta- | hold |
dubal | wall | qabırğa | wall |
çağılğan | lightning | nayzağay | lightning |
çoŋ | big | ülken | big |
çoğuu | together | birge | together |
tör- | to bear child (human) | tuw- | to bear child |
jaşılça | vegetable(s) | kökinis | vegetable(s) |
belek | gift | sıylıq | gift |
şüüdürüm | dew | şıq | dew |
tilekke qarşı | unfortunately | ökinişke oray | unfortunately |
ün alğı | radio | ||
sın alğı | television | teledıydar | television |
qaarman (sometimes keyipker) | hero, character | keyipker | character |
munay | [earth] oil | ||
köp | often | jiyi, ılğıy | often |
tap-taqır | completely | mülde, tipten | completely |
mayram (maarake) | celebration, holiday | mereke, mayram | celebration, holiday |
qılım | century | ğasır | century |
boz üy (kiyiz üy) | yurt | kiyiz üy | yurt |
tepkiç, basqıç | stairs, ladder | baspaldaq, şatı | stairs, ladder |
jürgürtmö | schedule | keste | schedule |
tootpo-, etibar qılba-, köŋül salba- | ignore / not pay attention to | eleme- | ignore (not pay attention to) |
täwir | decent | ||
urmat, sıy, ızaat, qoşamat | respect | qurmet, sıy, qoşemet, izet | respect |
qayra, qayta | back (p.i.), again | qayta | back (p.i.), again |
çeyin, deyre | before, until | şeyin, deyin | |
quur | belt | beldik, belbew, taspa? | belt |
topçu, tüymö | button (on clothing) | tüyme | |
kir, ıplas | dirty, morally dirty | kir, las | dirty |
jay | summer | jaz | summer |
tübölük(kö) | forever, eternal(ly), everlasting(ly) | mäŋgi | forever, eternal(ly), everlasting(ly) |
taarın- | to get offended | ökpele- | to get offended |
zarıl, qajet? | necessary/necessarily | qajet | necessary/necessarily |
küzgü | mirror | ayna | mirror |
qoşuna | neighbour | körşi | neighbour |
böbök, nariste, böpö, (lit. aldey) | baby | säbiy, närestey, böpe, äldiy?, böbek? | baby |
ulaan, ula(n(t))- | continuing (adj.); continue (v.i.), keep doing, continue (?) | uzar(t)- | to continue (v.i., v.t.) |
(aylana)-(çöyrö) | environs | (aynala)-(qorşaw) | environs |
jooker, (sarboz, sarbaz (archaic)) | soldier | sarbaz | soldier |
atayın | on purpose | qasaqana | on purpose |
atayı(n) emes, qoqustan | by accident | abaysızdan | by accident |
ırğıt- | throw, chuck | laqtır- | throw, chuck |
paymandas, er jürök, taymanbas | brave | batıl, betti, jalaŋ tös | brave |
muştum | fist | judırıq | fist |
borbor | center | oşaq | center |
soy-, moozda- | slaughter [livestock] (and cutting other things open, like watermelons) | bawızda- | slaughter [livestock] |
tosqool, bögöt | hindrance, obstacle | böget | hindrance, obstacle |
tekst | text | mätin | text |
eşikte | outside | dalada | outside |
çurqa-, jügür- | run | jügir- | run |
ACC/ABL ooz tiy-, daam sız- | taste (v.t.) | GEN däm◌+ACC tat- | taste (v.t.) |
tamaşa | joke | äzil | joke |
şakek | ring (jewelry) | jüzik, saqıyna | ring |
qayırçılıq, tilemçilik | alms | qayırşılıq | alms |
— | beer | sıra | beer |
qoqo | adam's apple | jutqınşaq | adam's apple |
bat- | fit (be enough space to fit) | sıy- | " |
çükö | ankle bone shooting | asıq | " |
daalı | top of back / back of shoulders | ? | |
? | jawırın | shoulder blades | |
qumursqanın uyası/uyuğu/iyin | ant hill | qumursqanıŋ ini | |
ıyıq | holy | kiyeli, äwliye | holy |
dülöy, kereŋ | deaf | saŋıraw, kereŋ? | deaf |
badıraŋ | cucumber | qıyar (dial. bädriŋ) | cucumber |
ilgeri-ilgeri zamanda | long long ago | erte-ertede | long long ago |
çıqanaq | elbow | şıntaq (cognate??) | elbow |
jöndömö | noun case | septik | noun case |
möŋgü | glacier | muzart | glacier |
-ABL taja- | be fed up with | -ABL erğaştı bol- | be fed up with |
jan◌+LOC | next to | qas◌+LOC, jan◌+LOC | next to |
kirgiz- | enter (information) | engiz-, kirgiz- | enter (information) |
bülö | gum (in mouth) | tistiŋ eti | gum (in mouth) |
Words where cognate's form is different
(or where only part of cognate is the same; cognate pieces underlined)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
ayıl | village | awıl | village |
iş/jumuş qıl- | to work | jumıs iste- | to work |
tiyeşelüü | concerning | tiyisti | concerning |
qatıstı | related to | ||
(bir) tuulğan | relative | tuwıs | relative |
erteŋ menen | morning | taŋ-erteŋ | morning |
etiş | verb | etistik | verb |
zat atooç | noun | zat esim | noun |
kiçinekey | little | kişkentay | little |
teskeriçe | backwards, other way around | kerisinşe | backwards, other way around |
tıyın çıçqan | squirrel | tiyin | squirrel |
naqta | real | nağız | real |
suroo | question | suraq | question |
qız quumay | girl chasing | qız quwıw | girl chasing |
amerikalıq | American | amerikandıq | American |
abayla! | be careful! | abay bol! | be careful! |
Cognates where default variant is different
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
aqısız, tegin | free (of cost) | tegin, aqısız | " |
jardam, kömök | help, aid, assistance | kömek, jardam | " |
jönöt-, jiber- | send | jiber-, jönet-, jolda- | " |
jaqında | near | jaqında, juwıqta | " |
jaq- | to be pleasing to | jaq-, una- | " |
joluq-, kezdeş- | to meet (with) | kezdes- | " |
daraq, baq | tree | ağaş, daraq | " |
şaar | city | qala, şahar (dial.) | " |
jılmay- | smile | kül-, jımıy- | " |
muzdaq | cold (beverage) | muzdaq, muzday (dial.), salqın | " |
bat, tez, ıldam, baçım, qatuu | "fast" | tez, jıldam | " |
taqır | completely, bald | taqır | bald |
tap-taqır, müldö, tipti | completely, totally | mülde, tipti, tipten | " |
töş, kökürök | chest (anat.) | tös, kewde, omıraw, kökirek | " |
bürsügünü, ((n)arı künü?) | day after tomorrow | arı küni, bürsigüni | " |
ajatqana, daaratqana, töölöt | bathroom/toilet | däretxana, äjetxana, tüwälet | " |
dayar, dayın (dial.) | ready | dayın, dayar, saylawlı | " |
keleçek, (boloçoq) | future | bolaşaq, keleşek | " |
şamal, jel | wind, breeze | jel, samal | " |
Cognates with different vowel harmony
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
maalımat | information | mälimet, mağlumat | official information, information |
aalam | ~world | ğalam, älem | globe, world |
aba | air | awa, äwe | air |
baarı | all | bäri | all |
daarat | excrement | däret | excrement |
salam | a greeting | sälem | a greeting |
jana | and | jäne | and |
qana | ~"let me see" | käne | ~"let me see" |
natıyja | result | nätiyje | result |
parda | curtain | perde | curtain |
miŋ | 1000 | mıŋ | 1000 |
idiş | dish | ıdıs | plate |
tıyın çıçqan | squirrel | tiyin | squirrel |
ısım | name | esim | name |
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
maani | meaning | mağına, män | meaning |
ajatqana | toilet/bathroom | äjetxana; qajet | toilet/bathroom; necessary |
raqmat | thanks | raqmet | thanks |
urmat | respect | qurmet | respect |
qata | mistake | qate | mistake |
mayram | celebration | meyram | celebration |
qalempir | pepper | qalampır | clove(s) |
misal | example | mısal | example |
kitep | book | kitap | book |
araket | attempt, try (~n.) | äreket | attempt, try (~n.) |
azır | now | qazir, äzir | now |
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
jıldız | star | juldız | star |
jıpar | perfume | jupar | perfume |
mın- | this (oblique forms) | mun- | this (oblique forms) |
büt- | to finish (v.i.) | bit- | to finish (v.i.) |
münöz | person's character | minez | person's character |
ötük | boot(s) | etik | boot(s) |
sülöösün | lynx | silewsin | lynx |
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
tobokel | risk (n.) | täwekel | risk (n.) |
Kazakh words Fatima doesn't know
Maybe they're from a different dialect, or literary, but they're in the dictionary and have cognates in Kyrgyz.
- mıq - nail (n.)
- öb- - kiss (v.t.)
- jıljıtpa amal - cunning plan
- jasa- - live (v.i.)
- kör - blind (adj)
- suwır - marmot
Uncategorised
- Kazakh jüye - system
- basqı, başqı
- Kazakh mülde
- Kyrgyz ayabay
- Kazakh saw bol-
- Kazakh abay bol-, Kyrgyz etiyet bol-
- Kyrgyz qamsız qıl-
- Kyrgyz jaşoo
- qarın/qursaq
- Kyrgyz adis 'specialty, specialist', Kazakh mamandıq 'specialty', maman 'specialist', ädis ?'specialty'
- Kazakh mätin
- Kazakh amal joq, Kyrgyz ayla joq
- mıq/jügir??/şege
- Kyrgyz mint-/mınti-, anti- (antkeni), oşent-, qanti-, tigint-; Kazakh öyt- (öytkeni), söyt-, qayti-
- Kyrgyz tigi
- Kazakh/Kyrgyz
jolı/jolu, ret/iret - Kazakh lıpıl
- Kyrgyz qıtığıla- / Kazakh qıtıqta-
- Kyrgyz küü / Kazakh küy
- Kyrgyz ölöŋ / Kazakh öleŋ
- Kyrgyz taandıq / Kazakh tän
- Kazakh jarlıq
- qarapayım/kademki(/kädemgi)
- Kazakh jappay?
- juduruq/judırıq, muştum
- jubaylar?
- soqur/soqır