Difference between revisions of "Kyrgyz phrasal verbs"
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=== N with possessive morphology === | === N with possessive morphology === | ||
− | ==== N is subject ==== | + | ==== N is 3rd person subject ==== |
− | * | + | * ич+[pos] айлан- < ич {{eng|inside}} + айлан {{eng|spin (v.i.)}} = "have an upset stomach" |
==== N is object ==== | ==== N is object ==== | ||
− | * | + | * баш+[pos]+[acc] айлант- < баш {{eng|head}} + айлант {{eng|spin (v.t.)}} = "make dizzy / confuse" |
+ | * жүрөк+[pos]+[acc] айлант- < жүрөк {{eng|heart}} + айлан {{eng|spin (v.t.)}} ="make nauseous / gross out" | ||
==== N is in other cases ==== | ==== N is in other cases ==== | ||
− | * | + | * моюн+[pos]+[dat] ал- < моюн {{eng|neck}} + ал- {{eng|take}} = "accept/recognise/admit" (+ACC) |
=== N without possessive morphology === | === N without possessive morphology === | ||
− | == | + | ==== N is indefinite object ==== |
+ | * кол кой- < кол {{eng|hand}} + кой- {{eng|put}} = "sign" (+DAT) | ||
+ | * кол сал- < кол {{eng|hand}} + сал- {{eng|put in}} = "attack" (+DAT) | ||
+ | * сакал ал- < сакал {{eng|beard}} + ал- {{eng|take}} = "shave" | ||
− | * кус+ку | + | ==== N is in other cases ==== |
+ | * турмушка чык < турмуш {{eng|lifestyle}} + чык- {{eng|leave}} = "get married (for women)" (+DAT) | ||
+ | * жөнгө сал < жөн {{eng|~straight}} + сал- {{eng|set / put in}} = "repair" (+ACC) | ||
+ | * камакка ал- < камак {{eng|captivity}} + ал- {{eng|take}} = "arrest" (+ACC) | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{nowiki|== Other == | ||
+ | |||
+ | * кус+ку}} |
Revision as of 01:37, 22 December 2011
Contents
V + V
There are many cases in Kyrgyz where two (or more) verbs occur in a sequence. Usually this is in combinations where there's a sequence of events (each one represented by a verb) or additional aspectual or mood information being added to an event (where a second verb is an auxiliary conveying that aspectual/mood information).
V + V as a single verb
There are, however, a few V + V combinations which can be interpreted (and certainly translated) as if they are behaving as a single verb.
- алып кел- < ал- ‘take’ + кел- ‘come’ = "bring"
- алып бар- < ал- ‘take’ + бар- ‘go (+dest)’ = "take / bring (over)"
- алып кет- < ал- ‘take’ + кет- ‘leave’ = "take away"
- алып жүр- < ал- ‘take’ + жүр- ‘go’ = "carry (in some contexts)"
Some of these have abbreviated forms in speech:¹
- апкел- = алып кел-
- апар- = алып бар-
¹ In Kazakh, the forms әкел-, апар-, and әкет- are the standard written forms of these words, and only in very high registers are they written as two separate verbs.
There are some other verbs
- басып чыгар- < бас- ‘press’ + чыгар- ‘make come out’ = "print (out)"
V1 + V2 with V2's valency
In most instances of V1 + V2 (+ V3, etc.), the main verb is V1 and the valency of the compound verb is that of V1. However, in some [rather rare] scenarios, V2 is treated as the main verb and the valency of the compound verb is that of V2.
FIXME: example
N + V
N with possessive morphology
N is 3rd person subject
- ич+[pos] айлан- < ич ‘inside’ + айлан ‘spin (v.i.)’ = "have an upset stomach"
N is object
- баш+[pos]+[acc] айлант- < баш ‘head’ + айлант ‘spin (v.t.)’ = "make dizzy / confuse"
- жүрөк+[pos]+[acc] айлант- < жүрөк ‘heart’ + айлан ‘spin (v.t.)’ ="make nauseous / gross out"
N is in other cases
- моюн+[pos]+[dat] ал- < моюн ‘neck’ + ал- ‘take’ = "accept/recognise/admit" (+ACC)
N without possessive morphology
N is indefinite object
- кол кой- < кол ‘hand’ + кой- ‘put’ = "sign" (+DAT)
- кол сал- < кол ‘hand’ + сал- ‘put in’ = "attack" (+DAT)
- сакал ал- < сакал ‘beard’ + ал- ‘take’ = "shave"
N is in other cases
- турмушка чык < турмуш ‘lifestyle’ + чык- ‘leave’ = "get married (for women)" (+DAT)
- жөнгө сал < жөн ‘~straight’ + сал- ‘set / put in’ = "repair" (+ACC)
- камакка ал- < камак ‘captivity’ + ал- ‘take’ = "arrest" (+ACC)
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