Difference between revisions of "Proto English Vowels"

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(created! w00t!)
 
(JNWE prelim)
Line 13: Line 13:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| NZE    || (General) General New Zealand English
 
| NZE    || (General) General New Zealand English
 +
|-
 +
| JNWE  || Jonathan North Washington's (American) English
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 19: Line 21:
 
{|width="100%"
 
{|width="100%"
 
|+ Vowel correspondence chart
 
|+ Vowel correspondence chart
−
! Keyword !! GAmE !! RP    !! AusE  !! VAusE !! NZE
+
! Keyword !! GAmE !! JNWE !! RP    !! AusE  !! VAusE !! NZE
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="6" | Short
 
! colspan="6" | Short
 
|-
 
|-
−
| KIT    || ɪ     || ɪ    || i    || i      || ə
+
| KIT    || ɪ     || ɪ      || ɪ    || i    || i      || ə
 
|-
 
|-
−
| DRESS  || ɛ    || e̞  || e    || e      || e̝
+
| DRESS  || ɛ    || ɛ    || e̞  || e    || e      || e̝
 
|-
 
|-
−
| LOT    || ɑ    || ɒ    || ɔ    || ɔ      || ɔ
+
| LOT     || ɑ     || ɑ    || ɒ    || ɔ    || ɔ      || ɔ
 
|-
 
|-
−
| CLOTH  || ɒ    || ɒ    || ɔ    || ɔ      || ɔ
+
| CLOTH  || ɒ    || ɒ    || ɒ    || ɔ    || ɔ      || ɔ
 
|-
 
|-
−
| STRUT  || ʌ̈    || ɐ    || ä    || ä      || ä
+
| STRUT  || ʌ̈    || ʌ̈    || ɐ    || ä    || ä      || ä
 
|-
 
|-
−
| FOOT    || ʊ    || ʊ    || u    || u      || u
+
| FOOT    || ʊ    || ʊ    || ʊ    || u    || u      || u
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="6" | Short a
 
! colspan="6" | Short a
 
|-
 
|-
−
| TRAP    || æ    || a    || æ    || æ      || ɛ
+
| TRAP    || æ    || æ    || a    || æ    || æ      || ɛ
 
|-
 
|-
−
| BAD    || æ    || a(ː) || æː  || æː    || ɛ
+
| BAD     || æ     || æ    || a(ː) || æː  || æː    || ɛ
 
|-
 
|-
−
| DANCE  || æ    || ɑː  || æː  || æː    || äː
+
| DANCE  || æ     || Æ     || ɑː  || æː  || æː    || äː
 
|-
 
|-
−
| CAN'T  || æ    || ɑː  || äː  || äː    || äː  
+
| CAN'T  || æ     || Æ     || ɑː  || äː  || äː    || äː  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| BATH    || æ    || ɑː  || äː  || äː    || äː
+
| BATH    || æ    || æ    || ɑː  || äː  || äː    || äː
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| PALM    || ɑ    || ɑː  || äː  || äː    || äː
+
| PALM    || ɑ    || ɑ    || ɑː  || äː  || äː    || äː
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="6" | Short pre-r
 
! colspan="6" | Short pre-r
 
|-
 
|-
−
| START  || ɑɹ    || ɑː  || äː    || äː    || äː
+
| START  || ɑɹ     || ɒɻ     || ɑː  || äː    || äː    || äː
 
|-
 
|-
−
| NORTH  || ɔɹ    || ɔː    || oː    || oː    || oː
+
| NORTH  || ɔɹ     || ɔɻ     || ɔː    || oː    || oː    || oː
 
|-
 
|-
−
| NURSE  || ɝ    || ɜː  || øː  || øː    || øː
+
| NURSE  || ɝ     || ɻ̩     || ɜː  || øː  || øː    || øː
 
|-
 
|-
−
| HURRY  || ɝ    || ɐ    || ä    || ä      || ä
+
| HURRY  || ɝ     || ɻ̩     || ɐ    || ä    || ä      || ä
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="6" | Short pre-l
 
! colspan="6" | Short pre-l
 
|-
 
|-
−
| BELL    || ɛ    || e̞  || e    || æ      || ɛ
+
| BELL    || ɛ    || ɛ    || e̞  || e    || æ      || ɛ
 
|-
 
|-
−
| DOLL    || ɑ    || ɒ    || ɔu  || ɔu    || ?
+
| DOLL    || ɑ    || ɑ    || ɒ    || ɔu  || ɔu    || ?
 
|-
 
|-
−
| CULT    || ʌ̈    || ɐ    || ɔ    || ɔ      || ?
+
| CULT    || ʌ̈    || ʌ̈    || ɐ    || ɔ    || ɔ      || ?
 
|-
 
|-
−
| BALD    || ɒ      || ɔː  || ɔʊ  || ɔʊ    || ?
+
| BALD    || ɒ      || ɒ      || ɔː  || ɔʊ  || ɔʊ    || ?
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="6" | Long
 
! colspan="6" | Long
 
|-
 
|-
−
| FLEECE  || i    || iː  || ɪi  || ɪi    || ɪi
+
| FLEECE  || i    || i    || iː  || ɪi  || ɪi    || ɪi
 
|-
 
|-
−
| FACE    || eɪ    || eɪ  || æi  || æi    || æɪ
+
| FACE    || eɪ     || ej     || eɪ  || æi  || æi    || æɪ
 
|-
 
|-
−
| THOUGHT || ɒ      || ɔː  || oː  || oː    || oː
+
| THOUGHT || ɒ      || ɒ      || ɔː  || oː  || oː    || oː
 
|-
 
|-
−
| GOAT    || o      || əʊ  || ɐʉ  || ɐʉ  || ɐʉ
+
| GOAT    || o      || ɤʷ    || əʊ  || ɐʉ  || ɐʉ  || ɐʉ
 
|-
 
|-
−
| GOOSE  || u̟      || uː  || ʉ̟ː  || ʉ̟ː    || ʉ̟ː
+
| GOOSE  || u̟      || u̟      || uː  || ʉ̟ː  || ʉ̟ː    || ʉ̟ː
 
|-
 
|-
−
| PRICE  || aɪ    || aɪ  || ɑe  || ɑe  || ɑe
+
| PRICE  || aɪ     || ʌj     || aɪ  || ɑe  || ɑe  || ɑe
 
|-
 
|-
−
| CHOICE  || ɒɪ    || ɔɪ  || oi  || oi  || oɪ
+
| CHOICE  || ɒɪ     || ɔj     || ɔɪ  || oi  || oi  || oɪ
 
|-
 
|-
−
| MOUTH  || aʊ    || aʊ  || æə  || æə  || æə
+
| MOUTH  || aʊ     || aʷ     || aʊ  || æə  || æə  || æə
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="6" | Long pre-r
 
! colspan="6" | Long pre-r
 
|-
 
|-
−
| NEAR    || ɪɹ    || ɪə  || iː ~ iə  || iː ~ iə || iə
+
| NEAR    || ɪɹ     || ɪɻ     || ɪə  || iː ~ iə  || iː ~ iə || iə
 
|-
 
|-
−
| SQUARE  || æɹ    || ɛə  || eː    || eː    || iə ~ ɪə
+
| SQUARE  || æɹ     || Æɻ     || ɛə  || eː    || eː    || iə ~ ɪə
 
|-
 
|-
−
| FORCE  || oɹ    || ɔː    || oː    || oː    || oː
+
| FORCE  || oɹ     || ɔɻ     || ɔː    || oː    || oː    || oː
 
|-
 
|-
−
| CURE    || ʊɹ    || ʊə    || ʉ̟ːə  || ʉ̟ːə  || ?
+
| CURE    || ʊɹ     || ʲɻ̩/ʲɨɻ     || ʊə    || ʉ̟ːə  || ʉ̟ːə  || ?
 
|-
 
|-
−
| POOR    || ʊɹ    || ʊə    || oː    || oː    || oː
+
| POOR    || ʊɹ     || ɔɻ     || ʊə    || oː    || oː    || oː
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="6" | Long pre-l
 
! colspan="6" | Long pre-l
 
|-
 
|-
−
| GOAL    || o      || əʊ  || ɔʊ  || ɔʊ    || ɔʊ
+
| GOAL    || o     || ɤ̹     || əʊ  || ɔʊ  || ɔʊ    || ɔʊ
 
|-
 
|-
−
| FOOL    || u      || uː  || ʉ̟ː ~ uː || uː  || uː
+
| FOOL    || u      || u      || uː  || ʉ̟ː ~ uː || uː  || uː
 
|-
 
|-
−
| FUEL    || uə    || ʊə    || ʉ̟ː ~ uː || uː  || ?
+
| FUEL    || uə     || ʲu(ə)     || ʊə    || ʉ̟ː ~ uː || uː  || ?
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
(Disclaimer: This should be read as showing how diversity in pronunciation is not always an obstacle in comprehension. Not to be used as a source for anything. Some transcriptions based on the authors' own observations.)
 
(Disclaimer: This should be read as showing how diversity in pronunciation is not always an obstacle in comprehension. Not to be used as a source for anything. Some transcriptions based on the authors' own observations.)

Revision as of 06:28, 9 February 2006

A chart of vowel correspondences in many English dialects. Uses an extended version of Well's lexical sets as necessary to make a keyword for every line. Includes significant allophones, and shows the sounds used in casual connected speech rather than carefully-annunciated speech. The IPA used, tho broad, is not phonemic and is designed to show differences, rather than similarities, between the dialects. Although diacritics are often used, the non-use of diacritics does not imply that a particular vowel is used in its cardinal sense.

Table of abbreviations
GAmE General American
RP Received Pronunciation
AusE (General) Australian English
VAusE (General) Victorian Australian English
NZE (General) General New Zealand English
JNWE Jonathan North Washington's (American) English


Vowel correspondence chart
Keyword GAmE JNWE RP AusE VAusE NZE
Short
KIT ɪ ɪ ɪ i i ə
DRESS ɛ ɛ e̞ e e e̝
LOT ɑ ɑ ɒ ɔ ɔ ɔ
CLOTH ɒ ɒ ɒ ɔ ɔ ɔ
STRUT ʌ̈ ʌ̈ ɐ ä ä ä
FOOT ʊ ʊ ʊ u u u
Short a
TRAP æ æ a æ æ ɛ
BAD æ æ a(ː) æː æː ɛ
DANCE æ Æ ɑː æː æː äː
CAN'T æ Æ ɑː äː äː äː
BATH æ æ ɑː äː äː äː
PALM ɑ ɑ ɑː äː äː äː
Short pre-r
START ɑɹ ɒɻ ɑː äː äː äː
NORTH ɔɹ ɔɻ ɔː oː oː oː
NURSE ɝ ɻ̩ ɜː øː øː øː
HURRY ɝ ɻ̩ ɐ ä ä ä
Short pre-l
BELL ɛ ɛ e̞ e æ ɛ
DOLL ɑ ɑ ɒ ɔu ɔu ?
CULT ʌ̈ ʌ̈ ɐ ɔ ɔ ?
BALD ɒ ɒ ɔː ɔʊ ɔʊ ?
Long
FLEECE i i iː ɪi ɪi ɪi
FACE eɪ ej eɪ æi æi æɪ
THOUGHT ɒ ɒ ɔː oː oː oː
GOAT o ɤʷ əʊ ɐʉ ɐʉ ɐʉ
GOOSE u̟ u̟ uː ʉ̟ː ʉ̟ː ʉ̟ː
PRICE aɪ ʌj aɪ ɑe ɑe ɑe
CHOICE ɒɪ ɔj ɔɪ oi oi oɪ
MOUTH aʊ aʷ aʊ æə æə æə
Long pre-r
NEAR ɪɹ ɪɻ ɪə iː ~ iə iː ~ iə iə
SQUARE æɹ Æɻ ɛə eː eː iə ~ ɪə
FORCE oɹ ɔɻ ɔː oː oː oː
CURE ʊɹ ʲɻ̩/ʲɨɻ ʊə ʉ̟ːə ʉ̟ːə ?
POOR ʊɹ ɔɻ ʊə oː oː oː
Long pre-l
GOAL o ɤ̹ əʊ ɔʊ ɔʊ ɔʊ
FOOL u u uː ʉ̟ː ~ uː uː uː
FUEL uə ʲu(ə) ʊə ʉ̟ː ~ uː uː ?

(Disclaimer: This should be read as showing how diversity in pronunciation is not always an obstacle in comprehension. Not to be used as a source for anything. Some transcriptions based on the authors' own observations.)

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