Difference between revisions of "Evolution of German"
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Revision as of 23:26, 26 February 2006
These are just notes to get my thoughts together for a test; no guarantee is given as to the accuracy of this information and the site license stands.
Contents
Evolution
Proto-IE to Proto-Germanic
Verner's Law
Continuant options if after a vowel.
- / V[-stressed] C0[+sonorant] _ {#,C[+sonorant]}
p | t | k | kʷ |
→ | |||
β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
The first sound shift
Continuant options if after a vowel
- voiceless stops → fricatives
p | t | k | kʷ | s |
→ | ||||
f | θ | x/h | xʷ/hʷ | s |
- voiced stops → unvoiced stops
b | d | ɡ | ɡʷ |
→ | |||
p | t | k | kʷ |
- voiced aspirated stops → voiced stops
bʰ | dʰ | ɡʰ | ɡʷʰ |
→ | |||
β/b | d/ð | ɣ/ɡ | ɣʷ/ɡʷ |
Stress Shift
Germanic to NW Germanic
- z → r
NW Germanic to West Germanic
- ð → d
Gemination
- C → CC / _ C[+son]
- (i.e.: n, m, l, (r,) w, j }
- skalj → shell
- → latter, ladder
- → button
- → happen
- → bubble
- → bottle
- sitj(an) → sit(ting)
West Germanic to OHG
Voiceless Stops Fricativise
- ship → shif
Second Sound Shift
Voiceless Aspirated Stops Fricativise (a.k.a. Affricatisation)
pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | → |
pf | ts | kx | / {#,C} _ |
ff | ss | xx | / {V} _ |
Voiced stops devoice
- d → t (except after a nasal?)
- g,b → k,p
Other stuff
- θ → d
- β → b
- ɣ → ɡ