Difference between revisions of "Similarities to Turkic"
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** '''Tokharian''' ''okat, okt'' | ** '''Tokharian''' ''okat, okt'' | ||
** '''Proto-IE''' ''októ'' | ** '''Proto-IE''' ''októ'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | * yigirmä - ''twenty'' | ||
+ | ** '''Tokharian''' ''wiki, ikäṃ'' (PT *w'īkän) | ||
* tümen - ''ten thousand'' | * tümen - ''ten thousand'' |
Revision as of 09:33, 4 July 2007
The orthography used to represent Turkic languages on this page is a phonemic system based on Turkish orthography. |
Turkic words which are similar to words in other language groups
Contents
Technology
- altın - gold
- Finnish kulta gold
- Germanic gold
- bulat - steel, balta - axe
- Tokharian porat, peret axe
- Proto-IE pelk'- chop
- ara - saw
- Tokharian áre plough (n.)
- *yurt(ă?) - homeland, yurt
- PIE ġʰ—r(+dʰ) to grasp, enclose; with derivatives meaning “enclosure.”
- Germanic gard
- English yard
- German garten
- Tokharian warto, wärto garden, grove
- Germanic gard
- PIE er(+t) earth
- Germanic erθ
- English earth
- German erd
- Tokharian B yare gravel
- Germanic erθ
- Semitic ˀarḍ earth
- Mongolian ger yurt
- Proto-IE *wer- defend, close
- PIE ġʰ—r(+dʰ) to grasp, enclose; with derivatives meaning “enclosure.”
Nature
- alma - apple
- Germanic *æpl
- Russian jablo-
- Latin/Romance pom-
- Greek melo-
- Proto-IE HebOl-
- kün - day, sun
- Germanic sun
- yil - year
- English year
- Proto-IE yōr-
- yaz (*yaaŕ) - spring
- Proto-IE yōr- year
- ań - moon, month
- (Proto-Altaic *ā́ńu, most Turkic ay)
- Latin annus - year
- Gothic *aþni - year
- yer - earth, land
- PIE ġʰ—r(+dʰ) to grasp, enclose; with derivatives meaning “enclosure.”
- Germanic gard
- English yard
- German garten
- Tokharian warto, wärto garden, grove
- Germanic gard
- PIE er(+t) earth
- Germanic erθ
- English earth
- German erd
- Tokharian B yare gravel
- Germanic erθ
- Semitic ˀarḍ earth
- Mongolian ger yurt
- Proto-IE *wer- defend, close
- PIE ġʰ—r(+dʰ) to grasp, enclose; with derivatives meaning “enclosure.”
- ot - grass
- Tokharian āti grass
- Proto-IE ad- grain
- sub - water
- Proto-IE seu-, su- rain, flow
- Proto-IE *sūwe- to rain
- Tokharian su- / swāsā-
- Greek hǖei̯
- Albanian ši
- Mongolian (?forgot)
- Chinese (?forgot)
- yapraq - leaf
- Arabic varaq leaf?, page?
- Persian barg leaf?
- Tokharian pält, pilta
- Proto-IE bʰel
- bulaq - spring, well
- Latin flus- river
- Proto-IE bhleu-gʷ- overflow
- English flow, float
- teke - goat
- Proto-IE tek- to flow, to run
- lağ - meadow
- Balto-Slavic *plãka (?) pl:łąka, ru:lug
- ögiz - bull↕
- Germanic - en: ox
- bal - honey
- IE - mel
- balɯq - fish
- IE l—k salmon
Verbs
- qal - stay
- Germanic halt, hold
- ber - give
- Proto-IE bher - carry, bear
- Russian брать - take
- piç-ir - cook
- Proto-IE pekw-
- Russian печь
- Tokharian päk-
- tur - stand
- Germanic en: dare, yi: tor
- je - eat
- Proto-IE ed- - eat
- çab- - cut
- English chop
- Spanish zapatas - shoes
- French sabotage
- ekʷ- - drink
- Proto-IE *ekʷ- - drink
- Turkic iç - drink
- Tokharian yok
- gäp-ir - something said, speak
- English jabber, gab
- Russian говорить - speak
- Proto-IE gebh- - jaw, mouth
- öl - die
- Tokharian wäl
- teg - touch
- English touch
- Tokharian tek
Body parts
- Pre-PrTk. *padaq - foot
- Proto-IE *ped, pod (*p—d) - foot
- Proto-IE *bʰad (*bʰ—ħd) - boot
- PrTk. *but - foot
- Proto-IE *ped, pod (*p—d) - foot
- Proto-IE *bʰad (*bʰ—ħd) - boot
- el - hand
- English ell, elbow
- Proto-IE el- elbow, forearm
- qol - hand, arm
- Germanic hand, hold
- caq / cağ - jaw
- English jaw
- Proto-IE gebh- - jaw, mouth (?)
- qulaq - ear
- Tokharian B klautso
- meŋä / miy - brain
- Russian мозг brain
- Hebrew MWX brain
- Yiddish moyex brain
- Sogdian m'g
- murt - mustache
- Proto-IE *bʰardʰ- beard
Numerals
- bir - one
- English first, fore
- Romance prim-
- Proto-IE prHuo-, pro-wo-, perǝ, pro first, fore, ahead
- Tokharian parwe
- ek(k)i - two
- English second
- Proto-IE sekʷ follow
- Finnish kaksi (?)
- tört - four
- Tokharian çtwar, çtwer
- Proto-IE kwetwores
- beş - five
- Proto-IE penkwe
- Tokharian pañä, piç, piś
- jet(t)i - seven
- Tokharian s.pät, sukt
- Proto-IE septom
- sekiz - eight
- Tokharian okat, okt
- Proto-IE októ
- yigirmä - twenty
- Tokharian wiki, ikäṃ (PT *w'īkän)
- tümen - ten thousand
- Tokharian tmām; tumane, tmāne; tumám
People
- qağan - ruler, khan
- Hebrew kohen
- qız - girl, daughter
- English kid, kith
- er - male, man
- Proto-IE *er - bull, male
- äke - father
- Tokharian pácar, pacer
- ayal - woman, wife
- Tokharian ckácar, tkácer daughter
Grammatical
- qay - (qaysı - which, qayda - where, (kim - who,) etc)
- Proto-IE kʷo
- orta - middle, centre
- Tokharian orto up
- oqşa- - like, similar
- Tokharian oki like
- oq - emphatic particle
- Tokarian ats exactly
- -mA - verbal negative morpheme
- Tokharian má not
- Greek má, mé not
- Sanskrit má don't
- Chinese (?forgot)
Other
- yaxşı - good
- Proto-IE meH-, wEsu- (?)
- aul - village (field?) (awla - yard)
- English hall
- aq - "white"
- Proto-IE arg'- - white, shine
- Tokharian árki , árkwi- white
- qut - fortune
- Germanic en: good
- antar - turn over
- Proto-IE ant front
- Tokharian ánt through, across, ánt, ánte forehead
- Germanic anðar other
- tın+ıç - peace
- Tokharian tunk love
- süt - milk
- Proto-IE swād sweet
- ülkän - big
- Tokharian walke long
- beg, büyük, biyik (?)
- IE *mag- large, many
- Tokharian makí much
- IE *mag- large, many
- töbe - hill, peak, crest
- English top
Notes
- Tokharian (B?) /ä/ was probably [ɨ]
- When two Tokharian words given, first is Tokharian A, second is Tokharian B
- Tokharian /ç/ is probably [ɕ]
- Tokharian /ts/ and /c/ are different?
Sources
- IE: http://www.bartleby.com/61/
- Tokharian: http://www.wordgumbo.com/ie/cmp/toch.htm
- Altaic: http://starling.rinet.ru/