Difference between revisions of "Similarities to Turkic"
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* yür-ök - ''heart'' | * yür-ök - ''heart'' | ||
** '''Proto-IE''' ''*ḱḗr'' - heart | ** '''Proto-IE''' ''*ḱḗr'' - heart | ||
+ | |||
+ | * *qar-ın - ''belly'' | ||
+ | ** '''Proto-IE''' ''*ǵʰer-'' - bowels | ||
== Numerals == | == Numerals == |
Revision as of 15:54, 8 September 2008
The orthography used to represent Turkic languages on this page is a phonemic system based on Turkish orthography. |
This is a collection of Turkic words which appear at least superficially similar to words in other language groups.
Contents
Technology
- altın - gold
- Finnish kulta gold
- Germanic gold
- bulat - steel, balta - axe
- Tokharian porat, peret axe
- Proto-IE pelk'- chop
- ara - saw
- Tokharian áre plough (n.)
- *yurt(ă?) - ring left when yurt is moved (homeland, yurt)
- PIE ġʰ—r(+dʰ) to grasp, enclose; with derivatives meaning “enclosure.”
- Germanic gard
- English yard
- German garten
- Tokharian warto, wärto garden, grove
- Germanic gard
- PIE er(+t) earth
- Germanic erθ
- English earth
- German erd
- Tokharian B yare gravel
- Germanic erθ
- Semitic ˀarḍ earth
- Mongolian ger yurt
- Proto-IE *wer- defend, close
- PIE ġʰ—r(+dʰ) to grasp, enclose; with derivatives meaning “enclosure.”
- *yan(+dir) - to burn v.i. (v.t.)
- Proto-Na-Dené *q’aˑn burn, ignite
- Ket -qan cook, burn, boil
Nature
- alma - apple
- Germanic *æpl
- Russian jablo-
- Latin/Romance pom-
- Greek melo-
- Proto-IE HebOl-
- kün - day, sun
- Germanic sun
- yil - year
- English year
- Proto-IE yōr-
- yaz (*yaaŕ) - spring
- Proto-IE yōr- year
- ań - moon, month
- (Proto-Altaic *ā́ńu, most Turkic ay)
- Latin annus - year
- Gothic *aþni - year
- yer - earth, land
- PIE ġʰ—r(+dʰ) to grasp, enclose; with derivatives meaning “enclosure.”
- Germanic gard
- English yard
- German garten
- Tokharian warto, wärto garden, grove
- Germanic gard
- PIE er(+t) earth
- Germanic erθ
- English earth
- German erd
- Tokharian B yare gravel
- Germanic erθ
- Semitic ˀarḍ earth
- Mongolian ger yurt
- Proto-IE *wer- defend, close
- PIE ġʰ—r(+dʰ) to grasp, enclose; with derivatives meaning “enclosure.”
- ot - grass
- Tokharian āti grass
- Proto-IE ad- grain
- sub - water
- Proto-IE seu-, su- rain, flow
- Proto-IE *sūwe- to rain
- Tokharian su- / swāsā-
- Greek hǖei̯
- Albanian ši
- Mongolian us
- Mandarin shui3
- Cantonese seoi2
- yapraq - leaf
- Arabic varaq leaf?, page?
- Persian barg leaf?
- Tokharian pält, pilta
- Proto-IE bʰel
- bulaq - spring, well
- Latin flus- river
- Proto-IE bhleu-gʷ- overflow
- English flow, float
- teke - goat
- Proto-IE tek- to flow, to run
- lağ - meadow
- Balto-Slavic *plãka (?) pl:łąka, ru:lug
- ögiz - bull
- Germanic - en: ox
- *bāl - honey
- Proto-IE - mel
- balɯq - fish
- Proto-IE l—k salmon
- Proto-IE *pesk fish
- Germanic *bullaka-z a kind of fish - de: Bolch, nl: bolk
- *pāt - horse
- Proto-IE *mend(i)- horse
- *qāz - goose
- Proto-IE *ǵʰáns- goose
- *tal - willow
- Ket dɯˑl - willow
- Proto-Athabaskan *č’ʷətɬ’ - plant, shrub
- *köl - lake
- Proto-Yeniseian kʰul - water
- çaŋğır - sled
- Proto-Yeniseian *tsehʷəl - snowsled
- yıl- - warm
- Proto-IE ḱel- - warm/cool
- qarğa - crow
- Proto-IE *ḱórw-eh₂- - crow
Verbs
- qal - stay
- Germanic halt, hold
- ber - give
- Proto-IE bher - carry, bear
- Russian брать - take
- piş-ir - cook
- Proto-IE pekʷ-
- Russian печь
- Tokharian päk-
- tur - stand
- Germanic en: dare, yi: tor
- je - eat
- Proto-IE ed- - eat
- çab- - cut
- English chop
- Spanish zapatas - shoes
- French sabotage
- ekʷ- - drink
- Proto-IE *ekʷ- - drink
- Turkic iç - drink
- Tokharian yok
- gäp-ir - something said, speak
- English jabber, gab
- Russian говорить - speak
- Proto-IE gebh- - jaw, mouth
- öl - die
- Tokharian wäl
- teg - touch
- English touch
- Tokharian tek
- se(b/p?)- - to plant
- Proto-IE sē- sow
- öö(j?)- - to think, understand
- Proto-IE ous ear
- saqı- - to think
- Proto-IE sekʷ- - to see
- yaq- - to light, make burn
- Proto-IE dʰégʷʰ - to burn (v.t.?)
Body parts
- Pre-PrTk. *padaq - foot
- Proto-IE *ped, pod (*p—d) - foot
- Proto-IE *bʰad (*bʰ—ħd) - boot
- PrTk. *but - foot
- Proto-IE *ped, pod (*p—d) - foot
- Proto-IE *bʰad (*bʰ—ħd) - boot
- el - hand
- English ell, elbow
- Proto-IE el- elbow, forearm
- qol - hand, arm
- Germanic hand, hold
- caq / cağ - jaw
- English jaw
- Proto-IE gebh- - jaw, mouth (?)
- qulaq - ear
- Tokharian B klautso
- meŋä / miy - brain
- Russian мозг brain
- Hebrew MWX brain
- Yiddish moyex brain
- Sogdian m'g
- murt - mustache
- Proto-IE *bʰardʰ- beard
- bel - waist
- Latin balteus belt (of Etruscan origin?)
- *bod - body (Kg boy - height, length)
- English - body
- yaş - tear (from eye)
- Proto-IE *dáḱru- - tear
- yür-ök - heart
- Proto-IE *ḱḗr - heart
- *qar-ın - belly
- Proto-IE *ǵʰer- - bowels
Numerals
- bīr - one
- English first, fore
- Romance prim-
- Proto-IE prHuo-, pro-wo-, perǝ, pro first, fore, ahead
- Tokharian parwe
- ek(k)i - two
- English second
- Proto-IE sekʷ follow
- Finnish kaksi (?)
- tȫrt - four
- Tokharian çtwar, çtwer
- Proto-IE kwetwores
- bēş - five
- Proto-IE penkwe
- Tokharian pañä, piç, piś
- jet(t)i - seven
- Tokharian s.pät, sukt
- Proto-IE septom
- sek(k)iz - eight
- Tokharian okat, okt
- Proto-IE októ
- yigirmä - twenty
- Tokharian wiki, ikäṃ (PTn *w'īkän)
- tümän - ten thousand
- Tokharian tmām; tumane, tmāne; tumám
People
- qağan - ruler, khan
- Hebrew kohen
- qı̄z - girl, daughter
- English kid, kith
- er - male, man
- Proto-IE *er - bull, male
- aqa/äke - father
- Tokharian pácar, pacer
- ayal - woman, wife
- Tokharian ckácar, tkácer daughter
Grammatical
- qāń - (qaysı - which, qayda - where, qana - where (to), (kim - who,) etc)
- Proto-IE kʷo
- orta - middle, centre
- Tokharian orto - up
- oqşa- - like, similar
- Tokharian oki - like
- oq - emphatic particle
- Tokarian ats - exactly
- -mA - verbal negative morpheme
- Tokharian má - not
- Greek má, mé - not
- Sanskrit má - don't
- Mandarin mei2, bu1 - NEG
- Cantonese mo5, ng4 - NEG
- beri - before, since
- IE
- Russian p(e)red - before, in front of
- English fore
- Latin pre-
- IE
Other
- yaxşı - good
- Proto-IE meH-, wEsu- (?)
- aul - village (field?) (awla - yard)
- English hall
- aq - "white"
- Proto-IE arg'- - white, shine
- Tokharian árki , árkwi- white
- qut - fortune
- Germanic en: good
- ant+ar - turn over
- Proto-IE ant front
- Tokharian ánt through, across, ánt, ánte forehead
- Germanic anðar other
- tın+ıç - peace
- Tokharian tunk love
- süːt - milk
- Proto-IE swād sweet
- ülkän - big
- Tokharian walke long
- beg, büyük, biyik (?)
- IE *mag- large, many
- Tokharian makí much
- IE *mag- large, many
- töbe - hill, peak, crest
- English top
- māl - time, moment
- Germanic *mēl time of meal
- en: meal
- yi: mol time
- de: Mahl, Mal
- Germanic *mēl time of meal
- man - great
- Latin magna
- ters - reverse, backwards
- Proto-IE *ter- - cross over
- Proto-IE *ter / *tero - over/through
Incorporate or not?
- Tokharian sále, sályi - salt (IE *sal- - grey, dirty; salt)
- Turkic tuz - salt
- Tokharian salu, sol - whole (IE *salw- - whole, healthy)
- Turkic tol- - full/fill
- Tokharian särk, sark - an illness
- Turkic ogr- - to hurt
- IE *sú- - to be born
- Turkic tuğ- - to be born
- Tokharian káryap - harm
- Turkic qab(a)- - to harm
- IE weid- - to know
- Turkic bil- (possible, due to sonority stuff)
- IE (En will, Lt vol-, etc)
- Turkic bil-
- Germanic *sūmian- - to miss
- Turkic *seb- - to love
- IE *su̯ei- - to make a noise
- Turkic *seb-le - to speak
- IE *h₂eiǵ- - goat
- Turkic eçki - goat
- IE *pel- - grey
- Turkic boz - ~grey
- IE *tark- - to twist
- Turkic tart- - to pull
Cognates with Russian
- murç / burç - pepper
- pérec - pepper
- muz / buz - ice
- moróz - frost (Slavic ?*morz-)
- yarıq, yaruğ, yarqın - light, bright
- yarkij - bright
- qara
- čer- (?*ker-)
- beri - before, since
- pered - before, in front of
- boran - storm
- burʲa - storm
- seb+kil (?) - freckle(s)
- sypʲ - rash
- sep- - scatter/sow
- ras-syp- scatter
- sıdır- - to peel, strip, tear off
- sdir-atʲ - "
Notes
- Tokharian (B?) /ä/ was probably [ɨ]
- When two Tokharian words given, first is Tokharian A, second is Tokharian B
- Tokharian /ç/ is probably [ɕ]
- Tokharian /ts/ and /c/ are different?
Sources
- IE: http://www.bartleby.com/61/
- Tokharian: http://www.wordgumbo.com/ie/cmp/toch.htm
- Altaic: http://starling.rinet.ru/