Non-productive morphemes in Turkic: Difference between revisions
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*'''jarıq''' - bright, '''jar-''' - explode | *'''jarıq''' - bright, '''jar-''' - explode | ||
*'''jalaŋ''' - naked, '''jalğız''' - lone, alone | *'''jalaŋ''' - naked, '''jalğız''' - lone, alone | ||
*'''balqaş''' - swamp, '''balır''' - swamp | |||
== Irregular forms == | == Irregular forms == |
Revision as of 02:08, 28 June 2010
-A (N→V)
- boş - empty, free (space, time); boşo- - to empty, become free (v.i.)
- at - name; ata- - to call/name (v.t.)
- san - number; sana- - to count/enumerate (v.t.)
- jaş - age (n.) / young; jaşa- - to live (v.i.)
- aş - food; aşa- - to eat by stuffing food into mouth from hands (one's own or other's)
- sın - criticism; sına- - to criticise, evaluate (v.t.)
- qıŋğır - jingling, ringing; qıŋğıra- - to jingle, ring (v.i.)
- qıyın - difficult; qıyna- - to be difficult (v.i.) ~ to torment? (v.t.)
- til - tongue; tile- - to wish
- orın - place/location; orna- - to be located
- qan - blood; qana- - to bleed? (v.t.)
- tüş - dream; tülö- - to have a dream
-sIz → -sIrA
- alsız - weak; alsıra- - to weaken (v.i.)
- Uzbek yog‘ - oil; yog‘sira- - to unoil(?)
-Ay (N→V)
- az - little (in quantity); azay- - to lessen (v.i.)
- çoŋ - big; çoŋoy- - to grow (v.i.)
- köp - a lot; köböy- - to increase in quantity (v.i.)
- keŋ - wide; keŋey- - to get wide (v.i.)
- qıyşıq - crooked; qıyşay- - to get crooked (v.i.)
- joon - thick (of cylindrical things); joonoy- - to thicken (??)
- muŋ - grief; muŋay- - to be sad
- qart - old (person); qartay- - to get old (v.i.)
r/z and l/ş alternations
- köz - eye; kör- - see
- semiz - fat (adj.); semir- - to get fat
- jetkiz-/jetkir- - to ~lead somewhere / help reach
- jatqız-/jatqır- - to make lie down
- ötköz-/ötkör- - to carry out / execute
- otqor-/otqoz - to graze (v.t.)
- tüş/tülö- - dream (n/v.?.)
-KAr
- ötkör-/ötköz- - to carry out / execute (v.t.)
- atqar- - to carry out / execute (v.t.)
- başqar- - to direct (v.t.)
- qutqar- - to save (v.t.)
- ayıpqar- -
- unutqar- - forget
- uyatqar- - to shame (v.t.)
- bütkör- - to finish (v.t.)
- kömkör- - to lay on front side (v.t.)
- tütkör- - to make be enough (v.t.)
- otqor-/otqoz- - to graze (v.t.)
- (t)omqor / tomur- - to upturn something heavy
∅ (X↔V?)
- köp - a lot; köp- - to swell, get big (in volume, not mass), rise (of dough)
- toŋ - frozen ground(?); toŋ- - to freeze (v.i.)
- qızıq - interesting (adj.); qızıq- - to be interested by (v.i.?)
- kör
- qır
- köç
- sağ - intellect (n.); saq- - think, consider
-Ar (Adj→V)
- suu - water / wet; suğar- - to water (v.t.)
- jaş - age (n.) / young; jaşar- - to get/look younger
- qısqa - short; qısqar- - to shorten / get short (v.i.)
- kök - green~blue; kögör- - to turn green (v.i.)
- aq - white; ağar- - to turn white (v.i.)
- jaŋı - new; jaŋır- - to be restored/revitalised/renewed (v.i.)
- eski - old; eskir- - to wear out (v.i.)
- içke - thin (of long things); içker- - to get thin (v.i.)
- juqa - thin (of flat things); juqar- - to get thin (v.i.)
- özgö - different/foreign; özgör- - to change (v.i.)
Other Alternations
- ??? qız - girl / qızıl - red / qızı- - to blush / qızar- - to blush
- jarıq - bright, jar- - explode
- jalaŋ - naked, jalğız - lone, alone
- balqaş - swamp, balır - swamp
Irregular forms
- Kyrgz/Kazakh bala → baldar
- Sakha kııs → kıırkıttar
Complex Codas
- Kyrgyz qarın ‘stomach’ → qard- (poss. root)
- Kyrgyz murun ‘nose’ → murd- (poss. root)
- Kyrgyz orun ‘place’ → ord- (poss. root)
- Kyrgyz dial. moyun ‘neck’ → moyd- (poss. root)
- OT oğıl → oğl-
- Tatar siŋil → siŋl-
-KArI
keri means something like "backside side" or "reverse" or something, though this seems to be from the directive case -GArU
- teskeri - backwards ← ters - opposite
- tışqarı - aside from, outside of ← tış - outside
- ilgeri