Difference between revisions of "Kyrgyz phrasal verbs"
Firespeaker (talk | contribs) (→N is in other cases) |
Firespeaker (talk | contribs) (→N without possessive morphology) |
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=== N without possessive morphology === | === N without possessive morphology === | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== "N" is limited in use to compound ==== | ||
| + | * кабыл ал- < кабыл {{eng|???}} + ал- {{eng|take}} = "accept" (+ACC) | ||
| + | * жөнгө сал- < жөн {{eng|~straight?}} + сал- {{eng|set / put in}} = "repair" (+ACC) | ||
==== N is indefinite object ==== | ==== N is indefinite object ==== | ||
* кол кой- < кол {{eng|hand}} + кой- {{eng|put}} = "sign" (+DAT) | * кол кой- < кол {{eng|hand}} + кой- {{eng|put}} = "sign" (+DAT) | ||
| − | * кол сал- < кол {{eng|hand}} + сал- {{eng|put in}} = "attack" (+DAT) | + | * кол сал- < кол {{eng|hand}} + сал- {{eng|set / put in}} = "attack" (+DAT) |
* сакал ал- < сакал {{eng|beard}} + ал- {{eng|take}} = "shave" | * сакал ал- < сакал {{eng|beard}} + ал- {{eng|take}} = "shave" | ||
==== N is in other cases ==== | ==== N is in other cases ==== | ||
| − | * турмушка чык < турмуш {{eng|lifestyle}} + чык- {{eng|leave}} = "get married (for women)" (+DAT | + | * турмушка чык- < турмуш {{eng|lifestyle}} + чык- {{eng|leave}} = "get married (for women)" (+DAT) |
| − | |||
* камакка ал- < камак {{eng|captivity}} + ал- {{eng|take}} = "arrest" (+ACC) | * камакка ал- < камак {{eng|captivity}} + ал- {{eng|take}} = "arrest" (+ACC) | ||
* жумушка ал- < жумуш {{eng|work}} + ал- {{eng|take}} = "hire" (+ACC) | * жумушка ал- < жумуш {{eng|work}} + ал- {{eng|take}} = "hire" (+ACC) | ||
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{{nowiki|== Other == | {{nowiki|== Other == | ||
| − | * кус+ку}} | + | * кус+ку, уй+ку}} |
Revision as of 01:47, 22 December 2011
V + V
There are many cases in Kyrgyz where two (or more) verbs occur in a sequence. Usually this is in combinations where there's a sequence of events (each one represented by a verb) or additional aspectual or mood information being added to an event (where a second verb is an auxiliary conveying that aspectual/mood information).
V + V as a single verb
There are, however, a few V + V combinations which can be interpreted (and certainly translated) as if they are behaving as a single verb.
- алып кел- < ал- ‘take’ + кел- ‘come’ = "bring"
- алып бар- < ал- ‘take’ + бар- ‘go (+dest)’ = "take / bring (over)"
- алып кет- < ал- ‘take’ + кет- ‘leave’ = "take away"
- алып жүр- < ал- ‘take’ + жүр- ‘go’ = "carry (in some contexts)"
Some of these have abbreviated forms in speech:¹
- апкел- = алып кел-
- апар- = алып бар-
¹ In Kazakh, the forms әкел-, апар-, and әкет- are the standard written forms of these words, and only in very high registers are they written as two separate verbs.
There are some other verbs
- басып чыгар- < бас- ‘press’ + чыгар- ‘make come out’ = "print (out)"
V1 + V2 with V2's valency
In most instances of V1 + V2 (+ V3, etc.), the main verb is V1 and the valency of the compound verb is that of V1. However, in some [rather rare] scenarios, V2 is treated as the main verb and the valency of the compound verb is that of V2.
FIXME: example
N + V
N with possessive morphology
N is 3rd person subject
- ич+[pos] айлан- < ич ‘inside’ + айлан ‘spin (v.i.)’ = "have an upset stomach"
N is object
- баш+[pos]+[acc] айлант- < баш ‘head’ + айлант ‘spin (v.t.)’ = "make dizzy / confuse"
- жүрөк+[pos]+[acc] айлант- < жүрөк ‘heart’ + айлан ‘spin (v.t.)’ ="make nauseous / gross out"
N is in other cases
- моюн+[pos]+[dat] ал- < моюн ‘neck’ + ал- ‘take’ = "accept/recognise/admit" (+ACC)
N without possessive morphology
"N" is limited in use to compound
- кабыл ал- < кабыл ‘???’ + ал- ‘take’ = "accept" (+ACC)
- жөнгө сал- < жөн ‘~straight?’ + сал- ‘set / put in’ = "repair" (+ACC)
N is indefinite object
- кол кой- < кол ‘hand’ + кой- ‘put’ = "sign" (+DAT)
- кол сал- < кол ‘hand’ + сал- ‘set / put in’ = "attack" (+DAT)
- сакал ал- < сакал ‘beard’ + ал- ‘take’ = "shave"
N is in other cases
- турмушка чык- < турмуш ‘lifestyle’ + чык- ‘leave’ = "get married (for women)" (+DAT)
- камакка ал- < камак ‘captivity’ + ал- ‘take’ = "arrest" (+ACC)
- жумушка ал- < жумуш ‘work’ + ал- ‘take’ = "hire" (+ACC)
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