Similarities to Turkic

The orthography used to represent Turkic languages on this page is a phonemic system based on Turkish orthography. This is done to avoid focusing on the phonetic differences between different languages used. The IPA is used when describing the phonetics of Turkic languages.

Turkic words which are similar to words in other language groups

Technology

• altın - gold
  • Finnish kulta - gold
  • Germanic gold

• bulat - steel, balta - axe
  • Tokharian porat, peret - axe
  • Proto-IE pelk'- - chop

Nature

• alma - apple
  • Germanic *æpl
  • Russian jablo-
  • Latin/Romance pom-
  • Greek melo-
  • Proto-IE HebOl-

• kün - day, sun
  • Germanic sun

• yil - year
  • English year

• ań - moon, month
  • (Proto-Altaic *ā́ńu, most Turkic ay)
  • Latin annus - year
  • Gothic *aþni - year

• yer - earth, land
  • Germanic erd
  • English yard, earth
  • Semitic ˀarḍ - earth

• ot - grass
  • Tokharian ati grass

Verbs

• qal - stay
  • Germanic halt, hold

• ber - give
  • Proto-IE bher - carry, bear
  • Russian брать - take

• piçir - cook
  • Proto-IE pekw-
  • Russian печь
  • Tokharian päk-

• tur - stand
  • Germanic en: dare, yi: tor

• je - eat
  • Proto-IE ed- - eat

• çab- - cut
  • English chop
  • Spanish zapatas - shoes
  • French sabotage

• ekʷ- - drink
  • Proto-IE *ekʷ- - drink
  • Turkic iç - drink
  • Tokharian yok

• gäpr - speak
  • English jabber
  • Russian говорить - speak
  • Proto-IE gebh- - jaw, mouth

• öl - die
  • Tokharian wäl

• teg - touch
  • English touch
  • Tokharian tek

Body parts

• qol - hand, arm
  • Germanic hand, hold

• PrTk. *padaq - foot
  • Proto-IE ped, pod

• el - hand
  • English el

• caq / cağ - jaw
  • English jaw

• qulaq - ear
  • Tokharian B klautso

• meŋä / miy - brain
  • Russian мозг - brain
  • Hebrew MWX - brain
    • Yiddish moyex - brain

• but - foot
  • Proto-IE *pod- - foot, en: boot, foot

Numerals

• bir - one
  • English first, fore
  • Romance prim-
  • Proto-IE prHuo-, pro-wo- - first
  • Tokharian parwe

• ek(k)i - two
  • English second
  • Finnish kaksi (?)

• beş - five
  • Proto-IE penkwe
  • Tokharian pañä, piç, piś

• jetti - seven
  • Tokharian s.pät, sukt
  • Proto-IE septom

• sekkiz - eight
  • Tokharian okat, okt
  • Proto-IE októ

People

• qağan - ruler, khan
  • Hebrew kohen

• qız - girl, daughter
  • English kid, kith

• er - male, man
  • Proto-IE *er - bull, male

• äke - father
  • Tokharian pácar, pacer

Other

• qay - (qaysı - which, qayda - where, (kim - who,) etc)
  • Proto-IE kwe (?)

• yaxşı - good
  • Proto-IE meH-, wEsu- (?)

• aul - village (field?) (awla - yard)
  • English hall

• aq - "white"
  • Proto-IE arg'- - white, shine
  • Tokharian árki , árkwi- white

• qut - fortune
  • Germanic en: good

• orta - middle, centre
  • Tokharian orto up

• oqşa- - like, similar
  • Tokharian oki like

• antar - turn over
  • Proto-IE ant front
  • Tokharian ánt through, across, ánt, ánte forehead
  • Germanic anðar other

Notes

• Tokharian (B?) /ä/ was probably [ɨ]