Mongolic words in Turkic languages
From FirespeakerWiki
| Old Turkic | Classical Mongolian | Khalkha | Modern Turkic languages | gloss | notes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kir | kaz | tat | bak | tur | |||||
| zirɣa- | жарга- | жырга- | жырға- | ‘enjoy’ | |||||
| — | zirɣal | жаргал | жыргал | жырғау | ‘pleasure’ | ||||
| — | … bule | гэр бүл | үй бүлө | — | ‘family’ | ||||
| — | ele | л | эле | — | ‘just/only’ | ||||
| !yomaq ‘legend’ | domuɣ | домог | жомок | ‘fairy tale’ | prob. not from Mongol | ||||
| — | belterge | бэлтрэг | бөлтүрүк | бөлтірік | ‘wolf cub’ | ||||
| — | arɣ-a | арга | арга | —? | ‘way out’ | ||||
| — | tas | тас | тазкара | ‘vulture’ | |||||
| timin? ‘just now’ | tein/teimy | тийм | тим | ‘such’ | |||||
| — | buɣudai | буудай | буудай | бидай (?) | ‘wheat’ | ||||
| — | unaɣ-a | уна- ‘falling, driving’ | унаа ‘means of transportation’ | ||||||
| — | xural | хурал | курултай | құрылтай | ‘meeting’ | ||||
| ulus/uluš ‘settlement, residence’ | ulus | улс | улут | ұлт | ‘nation’ | ||||
| — | cangɣa- | цанга- | (southern) чаңка- | —? | ‘be thirsty’ | ||||
| — | zolbin | золбин | жолбун | —? | ‘stray’ | ||||
| — | zegerde | зээрд | жээрде | ‘chestnut horse’ | |||||
| — | tos- | тос- | тос- | тос- | ‘meet, pick up, catch’ | ||||
| — | cana | цана | чана | шана | ‘ski, sled’ | ||||
| buɣu | buɣu | буга | бугу | бұғы | ‘deer’ | should be 'buu' in Khalkha and Kyrgyz | |||
| — | xoruɣ-a, xorij-a(n) | хороо | короо | қора | ~‘corral, yard’ | ||||
| uruq(?) ‘rope’ | urɣ-a(n), uɣurɣ-(a) | урга, уураг, уурга | укурук | ‘lasso pole’ | |||||
| — | tøry- | төр- | төрө- | — | ‘bear child’ | ||||
| (ös-) | øs- | өс- ‘grow (v.i., person)’ | өс- ‘grow (v.i., not person)’ | өс- ‘"’ | ‘grow’ | ||||
| — | belen | бэлэн | белен | —? | ‘ready’ | ||||
| — | kørsi(n) | хөрш | — | көрші | neighbour | of Turkic origin? | |||
| uruɣ ‘seed; relatives’ | uruɣ | ураг ‘relatives by marriage’ | уруу ‘tribe’ | +yes | |||||
| урук ‘clan; seed; relatives’ | |||||||||
| (rasayan) | (a)rasijan | рашаан | арашан | ‘holy/mineral spring’ | from Sanskrit originally | ||||
| — | cuɣ | цуг | чогуу | ‘together’ | |||||
| yalɣu ‘stupid person’ | zalxaɣu | залхуу | жалкоо | жалқау | ‘lazy’ | ? | |||
| — | ɣolumta | голомт | коломто | ‘hearth’ | |||||
| — | xaɣalɣ-a(n) | хаалга | каалга | —? | ‘yurt door’ | ||||
| örgün, örgin ‘throne’ | ørgyge(n) | өргөө | өргөө | ‘Khan's yurt’ | |||||
| — | bøle/byly | бүл | бөлө | бөле | ‘progeny of sisters’ | ||||
| — | byky | бүх | бүкүл | бүкіл | ‘all, whole, everything’ | ||||
| ?čaɣïla- ‘be noisy’, ?čaqïl- ‘be cut’ | cakilɣan | цахилгаан ‘electricity’ | чагылган | ‘lightning’ | |||||
| mal ‘wealth’ | mal | мал | мал | мал | ‘heard animal’ | "of Arabic origin" | |||
| aɣïl | ayil | айл | айыл | ауыл | ‘camp, village’ | of Turkic origin | |||
| — | alaɣ-a(n) | алга | алакан | алақан | ‘palm’ | ||||
| — | cimki- | чимхэ- | чымчы- | шымшы- | ‘pinch’ | ||||
| — | dalu | дал | далы | ‘shoulder’ | |||||
| — | møndyr | мөндөр | мөндүр | ‘hail’ | |||||
| — | coxu | цох | чоку | шоқы ‘mountain top’ | ‘forehead’ | ||||
| — | darui | даруй | дароо | дереу | ‘immediately’ | cf. Tajik "даррав" | |||
| — | dylei | дүлий | дүлөй | дүлей | ‘deaf’ | ||||
| talxan | талх ‘bread’ | талкан ‘ground grain / meal’ | ‘bread, meal’ | ||||||
| ?daqin | дагы ‘more, still’ | тағы ‘more, still’ | |||||||
| тал | талаа | дала | ‘steppe, field’ | ||||||
| сонин ‘news, interesting’ | сонун ‘awesome’ | ||||||||
| abisun (WMo) | абысын | ‘sister in laws’ | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| abura- | abra- (south) ‘be many’ | to save, rescue, nurse | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| alus | алс | алыс | алыс | further | identified by Csáki | ||||
| alisun | alısın | second crop | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| alja- | aljı- ‘be wrong’ | get tired, exhausted | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| angqaɣu | aŋqoo ‘simple-minded’ | hard palate | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| angɣai- | aŋqıy- / aŋqay- | ‘be wide open’ | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| arča | арча | арша | juniper | identified by Csáki | |||||
| arči- | аарчы- | аршы- | wipe (clean) | identified by Csáki | |||||
| asara- | asıra- ‘adopt a child’ | protect | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| elči (WMo) | элчи | елші | envoy | identified by Csáki, of Turkic origin? | |||||
| itelgü | itelgi | falcon | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| egejegei (WMo) | ejigey | red curds, dry cheese | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| baɣana (WMo) | mamı? | pillar, pole | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| baital | baytal | 3-yo horse | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| baɣatur | баатар | баатыр | батыр(?) | hero, brave | identified by Csáki | ||||
| baja | баз | бажа | бажа | brother-in-law | identified by Csáki | ||||
| berkit- | berket- | бекит- ‘lock’ | беркіт- | strengthen | identified by Csáki, prob. not from Mongol | ||||
| bilčara- | bıljıra- ‘be slippery’ | soften | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| begelei | meeley | mittens | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| bulanggir(tai) | (buldur?) | dim | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| büldürge (WMo) | büldürgö / büldürgü | loop on a whip handle | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| boljal | boljol | term | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| boro'an | бороо ‘rain’ | бороон ‘storm’ | боран ‘storm’ | snowstorm | identified by Csáki | ||||
| buɣurul | буурал | буурул | бурыл | grey | identified by Csáki | ||||
| bosaɣa | босго | босого | босаға | threshold | identified by Csáki | ||||
| bödene | bödönö | quail | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| börte | börtö | dark chestnut (horse) | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| bötege | bötögö | bird innards | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| čagaɣan | цагаан | čağan ‘1st moth of Mongol year’ | white → maple | identified by Csáki | |||||
| čabidur | čabdar | yellow horse with white mane and tail | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| čečen | цэцэн | čečen ‘orator’ | wise → minstrel | identified by Csáki | |||||
| — | čida- | чад- | чыда- ‘put up with’ | шыда- ‘"’ | ‘be able to’ | identified by Csáki | |||
| čilbuɣur | čılbır | chain | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| čiray | царай | чырай ‘facial features’ | шырай | face, appearance, expression | identified by Csáki | ||||
| čeber | цэвэр | чебер ‘prettily made’ | nice, good | identified by Csáki | |||||
| čer | чер | illness | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| *čöɣüče | чөйчөк ‘bowl’ | small cup (bowl) | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| čöregei (WMo) | čürök | loon | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| demči (WMo) | demči ‘doctor’? | business man → suitor | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| doluɣana (WMo) | dolono | hawthorn | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| dönen | dönön | 3-4yo stallion | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| sar (WMo) | sar, sarı | hawk | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| ilɣa- | ılğa- | choose, select → differentiate | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| irjayi- | ırjay- | show one's bare teeth | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| erke | эрке | ерке | spoiled, pampered | identified by Csáki | |||||
| erkele- | эркеле- | еркеле- | pamper | identified by Csáki | |||||
| jada- | зад-? | jada- / taja- | be exhausted | identified by Csáki | |||||
| yadaɣu | jadoo | worn out | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| yalga- | jalğa- | connect, join | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| jasaɣul | jasool ‘executive’ | guard | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| jaɣuči | juuču | suitor | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| jüde- (WMo) | jüdö- | be tired, exhausted → be in hard times | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| qabirqa | хавирга | кабырга ‘rib’ | қабырға ‘wall’ | rib, side, flank | identified by Csáki | ||||
| qaiči | хайч | кайчы | қайшы | scissors | identified by Csáki | ||||
| qanjuqa | qanjığa | saddle-thong | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| qabturɣa | qapčıq ‘bag’ | wallet, pocket, leather sack | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| qaragai (WMo) | qarağay | larch, spruce | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| qaraŋgui | харанхуй | караңгы | қараңғы | dark | identified by Csáki | ||||
| qaraɣul | qarool | guard, watch | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| qarčiqai | qarčığa | falcon | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| qariɣu | ?qayruu (←qɑyır-) | objection | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| kekül | хөхөл | көкүл ‘bangs’ | horse's forlock | identified by Csáki | |||||
| qiramaɣ (WMo) | qılamıq | powdery snow | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| kitad | qıtat ‘black paint’ | Chinese silk | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| genedte | kenet-kenet ‘occasionally’ | suddenly | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| kenye (WMo) | кенже | youngest child | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| quda | куда | құда | groom's relatives ↔ bride's relatives | identified by Csáki | |||||
| quduɣ | худаг | кудук | құдық | well | identified by Csáki, of Turkic origin | ||||
| ɣunajin | qunaajın / qunaayın | 3yo female animal | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| ɣunan | qunan | 3yo stallion | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| küren | хүрэн | күрөң | brown (horse) | identified by Csáki | |||||
| *qonolqa (WMo) | конок ‘guest’; кон- ‘stay the night, perch, land’ | қонақ ‘guest’ | shelter for the night | identified by Csáki | |||||
| qongɣur | коңур | қоңыр | dark brown | identified by Csáki | |||||
| kur | qaraqur | grouse | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| köküz | kökü(n) | хөх(?) | көкүрөк | көкірек | breast → chest | identified by Csáki, prob. not from Mongol | |||
| kömegei (WMo) | көмөкөй ‘uvula’ | Adam's apple | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| maɣta- | магт- | макта- | мақта- | praise | identified by Csáki | ||||
| malaqay | малгай | малақай | hat | identified by Csáki | |||||
| manglai | манлай | маңдай | forehead | identified by Csáki | |||||
| mata- (WMo) | mata- | bend →/, disturb | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| mergen | мэргэн | мерген | мерген | marksman | identified by Csáki | ||||
| mese (WMo) | meskey ‘pot’; mizdüü ‘sharp’ | glutton; sharp, sword | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| moqadaq | moqo- ‘make dull’; мокок ‘dull’ | stupid | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| möče(?) | мөч? | мүчө ‘body part, member’ | мүше | body part → body | identified by Csáki | ||||
| mültüre- | möltürö- | break loose → get engorged; shine | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| moyil | мойл | moyul | bird-cherry | identified by Csáki | |||||
| niɣ (WMo) | nıq, (?mıq ‘nail’) | solid | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| nökör | нөхөр | nögör | friend → best man | identified by Csáki | |||||
| noqta | noqto | horse halter | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| učira- | учр- | učura- | encounter | identified by Csáki | |||||
| onggi | уңгу ‘, stem/root (of word)’ | socket for axe handle | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| ölke | өлкө ‘country’ | өлке ‘region’ | sunny side → area | identified by Csáki | |||||
| saɣadaq/saɣadaɣ (WMo) | саадах | саадак | quiver | identified by Csáki | |||||
| saqaɣu (WMo) | saqoo ‘stutterer’ | сақау ‘mute’ | a horse disease, (deaf) | identified by Csáki | |||||
| siläɣüsün | шилүүс | сүлөөсүн | сілеусін | lynx | identified by Csáki | ||||
| siltaɣ(an) | sıltoo | motive | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| sirxa-n (WMo) | sırqoo | injury → illness, ailment | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| sauqa | sooğa | gift → candy, nice textile | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| suli (WMo) | сулу | сұлы | feather grass → oats | identified by Csáki | |||||
| söɣem | сөөм | sööm, сөөмөй ‘index finger’ | span | identified by Csáki | |||||
| soqor | сохор | сокур | соқыр | blind | identified by Csáki | ||||
| *solaqai (WMo) | soloğoy | left → left-handed | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| šibaɣa(n) | šıbağa | lot | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| silykei/silükei (WMo) | шүлхий | шилекей | сілекей | saliva | identified by Csáki | ||||
| šiŋqor | шонхор | šumqar / šuŋqar | сұңқар | falcon | identified by Csáki | ||||
| takim | тахим | taqım | knee cap | identified by Csáki | |||||
| tanglai | тагнай | taŋday | soft palate | identified by Csáki | |||||
| tasam-a (WMo) | тасам | тасма ‘ribbon’ | strap | identified by Csáki | |||||
| tomaɣaɣ (WMo) | tomoğo | hawk headgear | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| toqum | тохом | токум | saddle cloth | identified by Csáki | |||||
| toɣta- | тогт- | токто- | тоқта- | stop | identified by Csáki | ||||
| tögürig (WMo) | тегерек / төгөрөк | circle | identified by Csáki | ||||||
| töle- | төл- | төлө- | төле- | pay | identified by Csáki | ||||
| oboɣa (WMo) | овоо | oboo | stone heap → mound | identified by Csáki | |||||
| olja | oljo | loot | identified by Csáki | ||||||