Mongolic words in Turkic languages

The purpose of this page is to collect words in modern Turkic languages that are of Mongolic origin. Any Turkic word that appears to be cognate to a Mongolic word should only be included in this list if it does not have a phonological equivalent in pre-13th-century Turkic. Words that do not clearly meet these criteria should be gathered as Turkic-Mongolic cognates until their history can be investigated further.

When a cognate doesn't exist in a certain language, "—" is used. When a word is similar to a Mongolic origin word, but is either not from Mongolic or is morphologically divergent, it is put in italics.

Old Turkic	Classical Mongolian	Khalkha	Modern Turkic languages					gloss	notes
			kir	kaz	tat	bak	tur
	zirɣa-	жарга-	жырга-	жырға-				‘enjoy’
—	zirɣal	жаргал	жыргал	жырғау				‘pleasure’
—	… bule	гэр бүл	үй бүлө	—				‘family’
—	ele	л	эле	—				‘just/only’
!yomaq ‘legend’	domuɣ	домог	жомок					‘fairy tale’	prob. not from Mongol
—	belterge	бэлтрэг	бөлтүрүк	бөлтірік				‘wolf cub’
—	arɣ-a	арга	арга	—?				‘way out’
—	tas	тас	тазкара					‘vulture’
timin? ‘just now’	tein/teimy	тийм	тим					‘such’
—	buɣudai	буудай	буудай	бидай (?)				‘wheat’
—	unaɣ-a	уна- ‘falling, driving’	унаа ‘means of transportation’
—	xural	хурал	курултай	құрылтай				‘meeting’
ulus/uluš ‘settlement, residence’	ulus	улс	улут	ұлт				‘nation’
—	cangɣa-	цанга-	(southern) чаңка-	—?				‘be thirsty’
—	zolbin	золбин	жолбун	—?				‘stray’
—	zegerde	зээрд	жээрде					‘chestnut horse’
—	tos-	тос-	тос-	тос-				‘receive, encounter’ → ‘meet, pick up, catch’
—	cana	цана	чана	шана				‘ski, sled’
buɣu	buɣu	буга	бугу	бұғы				‘deer’	should be 'buu' in Khalkha and Kyrgyz
—	xoruɣ-a, xorij-a(n)	хороо	короо	қора				~‘corral, yard’
uruq(?) ‘rope’	urɣ-a(n), uɣurɣ-(a)	урга, уураг, уурга	укурук					‘lasso pole’
—	tøry-	төр-	төрө-	—				‘bear child’
(ös-)	øs-	өс- ‘grow (v.i., person)’	өс- ‘grow (v.i., not person)’	өс- ‘"’				‘grow’
(qara-)	qara-	хар-	кара-	қара-				‘look at, watch’
—	belen	бэлэн	белен	—?				‘ready’
—	kørsi(n)	хөрш	—	көрші				neighbour	of Turkic origin?
uruɣ ‘seed; relatives’	uruɣ	ураг ‘relatives by marriage’	уруу ‘tribe’						+yes
			урук ‘clan; seed; relatives’
(rasayan)	(a)rasijan	рашаан	арашан					‘holy/mineral spring’	from Sanskrit originally
—	cuɣ	цуг	чогуу				çok??	‘together’
yalɣu ‘stupid person’	zalxaɣu	залхуу	жалкоо	жалқау				‘lazy’	?
—	ɣolumta	голомт	коломто	қоламта - ‘hot ashes’				‘hearth’
—	xaɣalɣ-a(n)	хаалга	каалга	—?				‘yurt door’
örgün, örgin ‘throne’	ørgyge(n)	өргөө	өргөө					‘Khan's yurt’/‘palace’	probably of Turkic origin
—	bøle/byly	бүл	бөлө	бөле				‘progeny of sisters’
—	byky	бүх	бүкүл	бүкіл				‘all, whole, everything’
?čaɣïla- ‘be noisy’, ?čaqïl- ‘be cut’	cakilɣan	цахилгаан ‘electricity’	чагылган					‘lightning’
mal ‘wealth’	mal	мал	мал	мал			mal ‘goods’	‘heard animal’	"of Arabic origin"
aɣïl	ayil	айл	айыл	ауыл				‘settlement, village’	of Turkic origin
—	alaɣ-a(n)	алга	алакан	алақан			el	‘palm’
—	cimki-	чимхэ-	чымчы-	шымшы-			çimdik	‘pinch’
—	dalu	дал	далы					‘shoulder’
—	møndyr	мөндөр	мөндүр					‘hail’
—	coxu	цох	чоку	шоқы ‘mountain top’				‘forehead’
—	darui	даруй	дароо	дереу				‘immediately’	cf. Tajik "даррав"
—	dylei	дүлий	дүлөй	дүлей				‘deaf’
	talxan	талх ‘bread’	талкан ‘ground grain / meal’					‘bread, meal’
	?daqin		дагы ‘more, still’	тағы ‘more, still’	тагын
		тал	талаа	дала				‘steppe, field’
		сонин ‘news, interesting’	сонун ‘awesome’
—?		төл	төл	төл				‘baby herd animal’
		бүрхэх	бүркөк	—				‘overcast’
	hoimasun (MMo)	оё-/оёмол	оймо					‘sewn/patterned felt’
	jasa-	зас-	жаса-	жаса-				‘construct, arrange’ → ‘make’
		багш ‘teacher’	бакшы	бақсы				~‘shaman’
		булчин	булчуң	бұлшық?			—	‘muscle’
		чухал	чукул ‘urgent’	шұғыл ‘urgent				‘important’
	tebene (WMo)	тэвнэ	темене ‘sackcloth needle’	тебен				‘large thick needle’
		халхай		қалақай	—			‘nettle’
	abisun (WMo)		абысын					‘sister in laws’	identified by Csáki
	abura-		abra- (south) ‘be many’					to save, rescue, nurse	identified by Csáki
	alus	алс	алыс	алыс			—	far	identified by Csáki
	alisun		alısın					second crop	identified by Csáki
	alja-		aljı- ‘be wrong’					get tired, exhausted	identified by Csáki
	angqaɣu		aŋqoo ‘simple-minded’					hard palate	identified by Csáki
	angɣai-		aŋqıy- / aŋqay-					‘be wide open’	identified by Csáki
	arča		арча	арша				juniper	identified by Csáki
	arči-		аарчы-	аршы-				wipe (clean)	identified by Csáki
	asara-		asıra- ‘adopt a child’					protect	identified by Csáki
	elči (WMo)		элчи	елші				envoy	identified by Csáki, of Turkic origin?
	itelgü		itelgi					falcon	identified by Csáki
	egejegei (WMo)		ejigey					red curds, dry cheese	identified by Csáki
	baɣana (WMo)		бакан	бағана				pillar, pole	identified by Csáki
	baital		baytal					3-yo horse	identified by Csáki
	baɣatur	баатар	баатыр	батыр(?)				hero, brave	identified by Csáki
	baja	баз	бажа	бажа				brother-in-law	identified by Csáki
berkit-	berket-		бекит- ‘lock’	беркіт-				strengthen	identified by Csáki, prob. not from Mongol
	bilčara-		bıljıra- ‘be slippery’					soften	identified by Csáki
	begelei		meeley					mittens	identified by Csáki
	bulanggir(tai)		(buldur?)					dim	identified by Csáki
	büldürge (WMo)		büldürgö / büldürgü					loop on a whip handle	identified by Csáki
	boljal		boljol					term	identified by Csáki
	boro'an	бороо ‘rain’	бороон ‘storm’	боран ‘storm’				snowstorm	identified by Csáki
	buɣurul	буурал	буурул	бурыл				grey	identified by Csáki
	bosaɣa	босго	босого	босаға				threshold	identified by Csáki
	bödene		bödönö					quail	identified by Csáki
	börte		börtö					dark chestnut (horse)	identified by Csáki
	bötege		bötögö					bird innards	identified by Csáki
	čagaɣan	цагаан	čağan ‘1st moth of Mongol year’					white → maple	identified by Csáki
	čabidur		čabdar					yellow horse with white mane and tail	identified by Csáki
	čečen	цэцэн	čečen ‘orator’					wise → minstrel	identified by Csáki
—	čida-	чад-	чыда- ‘put up with’	шыда- ‘"’				‘be able to’	identified by Csáki
	čilbuɣur		čılbır					chain	identified by Csáki
	čiray	царай	чырай ‘facial features’	шырай				face, appearance, expression	identified by Csáki
	čeber	цэвэр	чебер ‘prettily made’					nice, good	identified by Csáki
	čer		чер					illness	identified by Csáki
	*čöɣüče		чөйчөк ‘bowl’					small cup (bowl)	identified by Csáki
	čöregei (WMo)		čürök					loon	identified by Csáki
	demči (WMo)		demči ‘doctor’?					business man → suitor	identified by Csáki
	doluɣana (WMo)		dolono					hawthorn	identified by Csáki
	dönen		dönön					3-4yo stallion	identified by Csáki
	sar (WMo)		sar, sarı					hawk	identified by Csáki
	ilɣa-		ılğa-					choose, select → differentiate	identified by Csáki
	irjayi-		ırjay-					show one's bare teeth	identified by Csáki
	erke		эрке	ерке				spoiled, pampered	identified by Csáki
	erkele-		эркеле-	еркеле-				pamper	identified by Csáki
	jada-	зад-?	jada- / taja-					be exhausted	identified by Csáki
	yadaɣu		jadoo					worn out	identified by Csáki
	yalga-		jalğa-					connect, join	identified by Csáki
	jasaɣul		jasool ‘executive’					guard	identified by Csáki
	jaɣuči		juuču					suitor	identified by Csáki
	jüde- (WMo)		jüdö-					be tired, exhausted → be in hard times	identified by Csáki
	qabirqa	хавирга	кабырга ‘rib’	қабырға ‘wall’				rib, side, flank	identified by Csáki
	qaiči	хайч	кайчы	қайшы				scissors	identified by Csáki
	qanjuqa		qanjığa					saddle-thong	identified by Csáki
	qabturɣa		qapčıq ‘bag’					wallet, pocket, leather sack	identified by Csáki
	qaragai (WMo)		qarağay					larch, spruce	identified by Csáki
	qaraŋgui	харанхуй	караңгы	қараңғы				dark	identified by Csáki
	qaraɣul		qarool					guard, watch	identified by Csáki
	qarčiqai		qarčığa					falcon	identified by Csáki
	qariɣu		?qayruu (←qɑyır-)					objection	identified by Csáki
	kekül	хөхөл	көкүл ‘bangs’				kâkül	horse's forlock	identified by Csáki
	qiramaɣ (WMo)		qılamıq					powdery snow	identified by Csáki
	kitad		qıtat ‘black paint’					Chinese silk	identified by Csáki
	genedte		kenet-kenet ‘occasionally’					suddenly	identified by Csáki
	kenye (WMo)		кенже					youngest child	identified by Csáki
	quda		куда	құда				groom's relatives ↔ bride's relatives	identified by Csáki
	quduɣ	худаг	кудук	құдық				well	identified by Csáki, of Turkic origin
	ɣunajin	гунж	кунаажын / кунаайын					3yo female animal	identified by Csáki
	ɣunan	гуна	qunan					3yo stallion	identified by Csáki
	küren	хүрэн	күрөң	күрең				brown (horse)	identified by Csáki
qonuq, qon-	*qonolqa (WMo)		конок ‘guest’; кон- ‘stay the night, perch, land’	қонақ ‘guest’			konuk	shelter for the night	identified by Csákiprob. not from Mongol
	qongɣur		коңур	қоңыр				dark brown	identified by Csáki
	kur		qaraqur					grouse	identified by Csáki
köküz	kökü(n)	хөх(?)	көкүрөк	көкірек			göğüz	breast → chest	identified by Csáki, prob. not from Mongol
	kömegei (WMo)		көмөкөй ‘uvula’					Adam's apple	identified by Csáki
	maɣta-	магт-	макта-	мақта-				praise	identified by Csáki
	malaqay	малгай	малакай	малақай				(men's) hat	identified by Csáki
	manglai	манлай	маңдай	маңдай				forehead	identified by Csáki
	mata- (WMo)		mata-					bend →/, disturb	identified by Csáki
	mergen	мэргэн	мерген	мерген				marksman	identified by Csáki
	mese (WMo)		meskey ‘pot’; mizdüü ‘sharp’					glutton; sharp, sword	identified by Csáki
	moqadaq		moqo- ‘make dull’; мокок ‘dull’	моқал				stupid → dull	identified by Csáki
	möče(?)	мөч?	мүчө ‘body part, member’	мүше				body part → body	identified by Csáki
	mültüre-		möltürö-					break loose → get engorged; shine	identified by Csáki
	moyil	мойл	moyul					bird-cherry	identified by Csáki
	niɣ (WMo)		nıq, (?mıq ‘nail’)					solid	identified by Csáki
	nökör	нөхөр	nögör					friend → best man	identified by Csáki
	noɣta	ногт	нокто	ноқта				‘halter’	identified by Csáki
	učira-	учр-	учура-					encounter	identified by Csáki
	onggi		уңгу ‘, stem/root (of word)’					socket for axe handle	identified by Csáki
	ölke		өлкө ‘country’	өлке ‘region’			ülke ‘country’	sunny side → area	identified by Csáki
	saɣadaq/saɣadaɣ (WMo)	саадах	саадак	садақ				quiver	identified by Csáki
	saqaɣu (WMo)		saqoo ‘stutterer’	сақау ‘mute’				a horse disease, (deaf)	identified by Csáki
	siläɣüsün	шилүүс	сүлөөсүн	сілеусін				lynx	identified by Csáki
	siltaɣ(an)		sıltoo					motive	identified by Csáki
	sirxa-n (WMo)		sırqoo					injury → illness, ailment	identified by Csáki
	sauqa		sooğa					gift → candy, nice textile	identified by Csáki
	suli (WMo)		сулу	сұлы				feather grass → oats	identified by Csáki
	söɣem	сөөм	sööm, сөөмөй ‘index finger’					span	identified by Csáki
	soqor	сохор	сокур	соқыр				blind	identified by Csáki
	*solaqai (WMo)		soloğoy					left → left-handed	identified by Csáki
	šibaɣa(n)		šıbağa					lot	identified by Csáki
	silykei/silükei (WMo)	шүлхий	шилекей	сілекей				saliva	identified by Csáki
	šiŋqor	шонхор	šumqar / šuŋqar	сұңқар				falcon	identified by Csáki
	takim	тахим	taqım					knee cap	identified by Csáki
	tanglai	тагнай	таңдай	таңдай/таңлай				soft palate	identified by Csáki
	tasam-a (WMo)	тасам	тасма ‘ribbon’					strap	identified by Csáki
	tomaɣaɣ (WMo)		томого	томаға				hawk headgear	identified by Csáki
	toqum	тохом	токум	тоқым				saddle cloth	identified by Csáki
	toɣta-	тогт-	токто-	тоқта-	тукта-			stop	identified by Csáki
	tögürig (WMo)		тегерек / төгөрөк					circle	identified by Csáki
tölä-	töle-	төл-	төлө-	төле-				pay	identified by Csáki, prob. not from Mongol
	oboɣa (WMo)	овоо	обоо	оба				stone heap → mound	identified by Csáki
	olja		oljo	олжа				loot	identified by Csáki