|
The orthography used to represent Turkic languages on this page is a phonemic system based on Turkish orthography.
This is done to avoid focusing on the phonetic differences between different languages used.
The IPA is used when describing the phonetics of Turkic languages.
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This is here mainly to quantify lexical differences between Kazakh and Kyrgyz.
For further information on sound correspondence issues, see Turkic sound changes and Turkic words that shouldn't be as they are.
False friends A
(Words that look/sound similar, but meaning different - probably unrelated)
| Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
| word |
gloss |
word |
gloss
|
| tamaşa |
a joke |
tamaşa |
perfect
|
| zaŋ |
shit |
zaŋ |
law
|
| saz |
swamp |
saz |
melody
|
| ıya |
huh? |
iyä |
yes
|
| say- |
to plug in, stab, inject, stick in, fuck |
sayıs- |
to compete
|
| ıyıq |
holy |
ıyıq |
shoulder
|
| ayna |
powder |
ayna |
mirror
|
False friends B
(Words that are mostly cognates but with at least slightly different meanings)
| Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
| word |
gloss |
word |
gloss
|
| arman |
a regret, a sorrow |
arman |
dream / a wish for something to come
|
| eje |
older sister / female relative |
äje |
grandmother
|
| apa |
mother |
apa |
older female [relative]
|
| bayke (<*bay ake), ağa (dial.) |
older brother |
äke; ağa |
father; older brother
|
| juma |
friday, week |
juma |
friday (, dial. week)
|
| jönököy |
simple |
jönekey |
?
|
| jön |
simply |
jön |
normal?, correct?
|
| jay |
slow |
jay |
slow, simple, quiet
|
| tamga |
letter (of alphabet) |
taŋba |
~sign, tamga
|
| jığaç |
wood |
ağaş |
tree, wood
|
| baq |
tree, garden |
baq |
garden
|
| tuura |
correct, straight |
tuwra |
straight
|
| durus |
? |
durıs |
correct
|
| aruu |
~pure (adj.) |
arıw |
beautiful girl (n.)
|
| qalta |
~cloth/sack for carrying something |
qalta |
pocket
|
| uq- |
listen |
uq- |
~understand
|
| şaş- |
hurry |
sas- |
be panicked (about)
|
| oromo |
a wrapped steamed ~dumpling |
oralma |
headscarf
|
| orol- |
to be wrapped |
oral- |
return (v.i.), come back, ..?
|
| qarma- |
hold |
qarma- |
catch
|
| ata |
father |
ata |
grandfather
|
| qabırğa |
rib(s) |
qabırğa |
wall, rib(s)
|
| qalempir |
pepper |
qalampır |
clove(s)
|
| qaalağan |
any |
qalağan |
[something] that's wanted
|
| kez kelgen |
that's turn/time has come (?) |
kez kelgen |
any
|
| tuu- |
to bear child (animal) |
tuw- |
to bear child (general/human)
|
| alp |
big, strong; giant (adj.), huge |
alıp |
hero, giant (n.); big, strong
|
| döö |
cyclops, monster |
däw |
huge (slang)
|
| min- |
to ride an animal |
min- |
to ride an animal; climb up, to get on (a bus)
|
| qayra |
back (p.i.), again; (returning herd animals to corral?) |
qayıra |
returning herd animals to corral
|
| beldik |
[woman's] backband, girth?, girdle? |
beldik |
backband, girth, girdle, belt
|
| köktöm (archaic) |
early spring |
köktem |
spring, early spring
|
| jaz |
spring |
jaz |
summer
|
| el |
nation, people |
el |
nation, people, state, country
|
| ölkö |
country, state |
ölke |
area of land (specific? general?)
|
| aqırın |
quietly, slowly, (deliberately?) |
aqırın |
quietly, slowly, carefully, (deliberately?)
|
| bat- |
to fit (in somewhere), to set (heavenly body), ... |
bat- |
to set (heavenly body), to drown, to get bogged down (in)
|
| qomuz |
plucked string instrument |
qobız |
(Kyrgyz sıbızğı) - stringed instrument played with bow
|
| qunduz |
otter |
qundız |
beaver
|
| kemçet |
beaver / Kamchatkan [sea] otter? |
qamşat |
otter
|
| sarımay |
butter-like thing |
sarımay |
butter
|
| sarımsaq |
wild onion? |
sarımsaq |
garlic
|
| suraq |
investigation |
suraq |
question
|
| jetigen |
the Big Dipper |
jetigen |
a zither-like instrument
|
| üşü- |
be cold |
üsi- |
freeze
|
| daroo |
immediately |
derew |
quickly
|
| monçoq |
bead, necklace |
monşaq |
string of beads
|
| qaljıŋ(da-) |
tease (?) |
qaljıŋ(da-) |
joke
|
| irenji- |
be disgusted |
renji- |
be offended
|
| çıqanaq |
elbow |
şığanaq |
inlet/bay (?)
|
| eskertkiç |
reminder |
eskertkiş |
memorial/statue
|
| estelik |
memorial/statue |
estelik |
reminder
|
| çoçoq |
penis |
şoşaq |
pointy-shaped
|
Words where cognate doesn't exist
(bold = word doesn't exist as cognate; every line should have at least one bolded word)
| Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
| word |
gloss |
word |
gloss
|
| üy bülö |
family |
otbası |
family
|
| ooba |
yes |
iyä |
yes
|
| ıya? |
huh? |
|
|
| tataal |
complicated/complex |
keşendi |
complicated/complex
|
| qotor- |
translate, convert |
awdar- |
translate, convert
|
| emerek |
furniture |
jıyhaz |
furniture
|
| je (emese) |
or (if so) |
nemese |
or
|
| daroo |
immediately |
birden |
"
|
| qoqus(tan) |
suddenly |
kenetten |
unexpectedly
|
| ayant |
[city] square |
alaŋ |
"
|
| (suuğa) tüş- |
|
şomalda- |
to bathe
|
| qooz |
pleasant to look at (not person) |
? |
|
| mıyzam |
law |
zaŋ |
"
|
| unaa |
means of transportation |
kölik |
"
|
| ele |
(many uses) |
— |
|
| da |
(mood marker) |
— |
|
| elek |
(tense marker - "not yet") |
— |
|
| jomoq |
fairy tale |
ertek |
"
|
| obon |
melody |
saz |
"
|
| ır |
song |
än |
"
|
| ırda- |
sing |
än ayt- |
"
|
| manja |
finger |
sawsaq |
"
|
| uy |
cow |
sıyır |
"
|
| çaqa (dial. çelek) |
bucket |
şelek |
bucket
|
| apta (dial.) |
week |
apta |
week
|
| çöntök |
pocket |
qalta |
pocket
|
| uq- |
listen, hear |
esit- |
hear
|
| uq- |
listen, hear |
tıŋda- |
listen
|
| başqaruuçu |
boss |
bastıq |
boss
|
| izilde- |
research |
zerte- |
research
|
| kiyinki |
next, following |
kelesi |
next, following
|
| jooluq |
scarf |
oralma |
headscarf
|
| toqoy |
forest |
orman |
forest
|
| qarma- |
hold, grab |
usta-, tut- |
hold, grab
|
| dubal |
wall |
qabırğa |
wall
|
| çağılğan |
lightning |
nayzağay |
lightning
|
| çoŋ |
big |
ülken |
big
|
| çoğuu |
together |
birge |
together
|
| törö- |
to bear child (human) |
tuw- |
to bear child
|
| jaşılça/köksaq |
vegetable(s)/greens |
kökinis |
vegetable(s)/greens
|
| belek |
gift |
sıylıq |
gift
|
| şüüdürüm |
dew |
şıq |
dew
|
| tilekke qarşı |
unfortunately |
ökinişke oray |
unfortunately
|
| ün alğı |
radio |
|
|
| sın alğı |
television |
teledıydar |
television
|
| qaarman (sometimes keyipker) |
hero, character |
keyipker |
character
|
|
|
munay |
[earth] oil
|
| köp |
often |
jiyi, ılğıy |
often
|
| (tap-)taqır |
completely |
mülde, tipten |
completely
|
| mayram (maarake) |
celebration, holiday |
mereke, mayram |
celebration, holiday
|
| qılım |
century |
ğasır |
century
|
| boz üy (kiyiz üy) |
yurt |
kiyiz üy |
yurt
|
| tepkiç, basqıç |
stairs, ladder |
baspaldaq, şatı |
stairs, ladder
|
| jürgürtmö |
schedule |
keste |
schedule
|
| tootpo-, etibar qılba-, köŋül salba- |
ignore / not pay attention to |
eleme- |
ignore (not pay attention to)
|
|
|
täwir |
decent
|
| urmat, sıy, ızaat, qoşamat |
respect |
qurmet, sıy, qoşemet, izet |
respect
|
| qayra, qayta |
back (p.i.), again |
qayta |
back (p.i.), again
|
| çeyin, deyre |
before, until |
şeyin, deyin
|
| quur |
belt |
beldik, belbew, taspa? |
belt
|
| topçu, tüymö |
button (on clothing) |
tüyme |
|
| kir, ıplas |
dirty, morally dirty |
kir, las |
dirty
|
| jay |
summer |
jaz |
summer
|
| tübölük(kö) |
forever, eternal(ly), everlasting(ly) |
mäŋgi |
forever, eternal(ly), everlasting(ly)
|
| taarın- |
to get offended |
ökpele- |
to get offended
|
| zarıl, qajet? |
necessary/necessarily |
qajet |
necessary/necessarily
|
| küzgü |
mirror |
ayna |
mirror
|
| qoşuna |
neighbour |
körşi |
neighbour
|
| böbök, nariste, böpö, (lit. aldey) |
baby |
säbiy, närestey, böpe, äldiy?, böbek? |
baby
|
| ulaan, ula(n(t))- |
continuing (adj.); continue (v.i.), keep doing, continue (?) |
uzar(t)- |
to continue (v.i., v.t.)
|
| (aylana)-(çöyrö) |
environs |
(aynala)-(qorşaw) |
environs
|
| jooker, (sarboz, sarbaz (archaic)) |
soldier |
sarbaz |
soldier
|
| atayın |
on purpose |
qasaqana |
on purpose
|
| atayı(n) emes, qoqustan |
by accident |
abaysızdan |
by accident
|
| ırğıt- |
throw, chuck |
laqtır- |
throw, chuck
|
| paymandas, er jürök, taymanbas |
brave |
batıl, betti, jalaŋ tös |
brave
|
| muştum |
fist |
judırıq |
fist
|
| borbor |
center |
oşaq |
center
|
| soy-, moozda- |
slaughter [livestock] (and cutting other things open, like watermelons) |
bawızda- |
slaughter [livestock]
|
| tosqool, bögöt |
hindrance, obstacle |
böget |
hindrance, obstacle
|
| tekst |
text |
mätin |
text
|
| eşikte |
outside |
dalada |
outside
|
| çurqa-, jügür- |
run |
jügir- |
run
|
| ACC/ABL ooz tiy-, daam sız- |
taste (v.t.) |
GEN däm◌+ACC tat- |
taste (v.t.)
|
| tamaşa, azil |
joke, (liter.) |
äzil |
joke
|
| şakek |
ring (jewelry) |
jüzik, saqıyna |
ring
|
| qayırçılıq, tilemçilik |
alms |
qayırşılıq |
alms
|
| — |
beer |
sıra |
beer
|
| qoqo |
adam's apple |
jutqınşaq |
adam's apple
|
| bat- |
fit (be enough space to fit) |
sıy- |
"
|
| çükö |
ankle bone shooting |
asıq |
"
|
| daalı |
top of back / back of shoulders |
? |
|
| ? |
|
jawırın |
shoulder blades
|
| qumursqanın uyası/uyuğu/iyin |
ant hill |
qumursqanıŋ ini
|
| ıyıq |
holy |
kiyeli, äwliye |
holy
|
| dülöy, kereŋ |
deaf |
saŋıraw, kereŋ? |
deaf
|
| badıraŋ |
cucumber |
qıyar (dial. bädriŋ) |
cucumber
|
| ilgeri-ilgeri zamanda |
long long ago |
erte-ertede |
long long ago
|
| çıqanaq |
elbow |
şıntaq (cognate??) |
elbow
|
| jöndömö |
noun case |
septik |
noun case
|
| möŋgü |
glacier |
muzart |
glacier
|
| -ABL taja- |
be fed up with |
-ABL erğaştı bol- |
be fed up with
|
| jan◌+LOC |
next to |
qas◌+LOC, jan◌+LOC |
next to
|
| kirgiz- |
enter (information) |
engiz-, kirgiz- |
enter (information)
|
| bülö |
gum (in mouth) |
tistiŋ eti |
gum (in mouth)
|
| çalqan |
nettle |
qalaqay |
nettle
|
| sıbızğı |
bowed string instrument |
qobız |
bowed string instrument
|
| kiş, bulğun (lit.) |
sable |
bulğın |
sable
|
| şeyşep |
sheet |
aqjayma |
sheet?
|
| juurqan |
blanket |
körpe |
blanket?
|
| töşök |
sleeping mat |
körpeşe |
sleeping mat
|
| qaalğa |
door to a yurt |
? |
|
| tema |
topic |
taqırıp |
topic
|
| qalp, jalğan |
lie (falsehood) |
ötirik, jalğan |
lie (falsehood)
|
| qalpıçı |
liar |
ötirkşi |
liar
|
| şaş- |
be in a hurry |
asığ- |
be in a hurry
|
| toqoy |
forest |
urman |
forest
|
| çırmooq |
vine |
? |
|
| jön ele |
simply, just because |
jay ğana |
"
|
| topoz |
yak |
qodas |
"
|
| jörgömüş |
spider |
örmekşi" |
spider
|
| toburçaq |
pinecone/etc. |
bürşik |
pinecone/etc.
|
| mamalaq |
bear cub |
qonjıq |
bear cub
|
| mıymıy |
kitten |
marğaw, mäwlen |
kitten
|
| çekit |
dot/period |
nükte |
dot/period
|
| oroy |
rude |
döreki |
rude
|
| üşü- |
be cold |
jawra-/toŋ- |
be cold
|
| toŋ- |
freeze |
üsi- |
freeze
|
| daroo |
immediately/suddenly |
birdesten |
suddenly
|
| mala çay |
watery tea |
asıq şay |
watery tea
|
| jıt |
smell/scent |
iyis |
smell/scent
|
| tuura |
immitate |
elekte- |
immitate
|
| ibelik |
rolling pin |
dembel?, oqtaw? |
rolling pin
|
| proyekt |
project |
joba |
project
|
| plan, maqsat |
plan |
jospar |
plan
|
| badal |
bush |
buta |
bush
|
| şuru |
bead, necklace |
monşaq |
bead
|
| monçoq, şuru |
necklace |
alqa |
necklace
|
| daana |
piece |
tüyir |
piece
|
| oturğuç |
chair |
orındıq |
chair
|
| vʲílka |
fork |
şanışqı |
fork
|
| şım |
pants |
şalbar |
pants
|
| qorot- |
waste |
? |
|
| oŋdo- |
fix |
jönde- |
fix
|
| çoy- |
stretch (vt.) |
soz- |
stretch
|
| türt- |
push |
türt-, iyter- |
push
|
| telefon çal- |
call (by phone) |
zvonda- |
call (by phone)
|
Words where cognate's form is different
(or where only part of cognate is the same; cognate pieces underlined)
| Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
| word |
gloss |
word |
gloss
|
| ayıl |
village |
awıl |
village
|
| içke |
narrow |
jiŋişke |
narrow
|
| iş/jumuş qıl- |
to work |
jumıs iste- |
to work
|
| tiyeşelüü |
concerning |
tiyisti |
concerning
|
|
|
qatıstı |
related to
|
| (bir) tuulğan |
relative |
tuwıs |
relative
|
| erteŋ menen |
morning |
taŋ-erteŋ |
morning
|
| etiş |
verb |
etistik |
verb
|
| zat atooç |
noun |
zat esim |
noun
|
| kiçinekey |
little |
kişkentay |
little
|
| teskeriçe |
backwards, other way around |
kerisinşe |
backwards, other way around
|
| tıyın çıçqan |
squirrel |
tiyin |
squirrel
|
| naqta |
real |
nağız |
real
|
| suroo |
question |
suraq |
question
|
| qız quumay |
girl chasing |
qız quwıw |
girl chasing
|
| amerikalıq |
American |
amerikandıq |
American
|
| abayla! |
be careful! |
abay bol! |
be careful!
|
| jarnama, jarnaq |
advertisement |
jarnaq |
advertisement
|
| köçmön |
nomad, nomadic |
köşpendi |
nomad, nomadic
|
| balalıq |
childhood |
balawsa |
childhood
|
| oynooq |
playful |
oynaqı |
playful
|
| şırdaq |
felt rug |
sırmaq |
felt rug
|
| jetigen |
the big dipper |
jetiqaraqşı |
the big dipper
|
| qandaydır bir |
some kind of |
älde qanday |
some kind of
|
| suranıç |
demand |
suranıs |
demand
|
| üçburçtuq |
triangle |
üşburış |
triangle
|
| köbünçö |
mostly |
köbinese |
mostly
|
Cognates where default variant is different
| Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
| word |
gloss |
word |
gloss
|
| aqısız, tegin |
free (of cost) |
tegin, aqısız |
"
|
| jardam, kömök |
help, aid, assistance |
kömek, jardam |
"
|
| jönöt-, jiber- |
send |
jiber-, jönet-, jolda- |
"
|
| jaqında |
near |
jaqında, juwıqta |
"
|
| jaq- |
to be pleasing to |
jaq-, una- |
"
|
| joluq-, kezdeş- |
to meet (with) |
kezdes- |
"
|
| daraq, baq |
tree |
ağaş, daraq |
"
|
| şaar |
city |
qala, şahar (dial.) |
"
|
| jılmay- |
smile |
kül-, jımıy- |
"
|
| muzdaq |
cold (beverage) |
muzdaq, muzday (dial.), salqın |
"
|
| bat, tez, ıldam, baçım, qatuu |
"fast" |
tez, jıldam |
"
|
| taqır |
completely, bald |
taqır |
bald
|
| (tap-)taqır, müldö, tipti |
completely, totally |
mülde, tipti, tipten |
"
|
| töş, kökürök |
chest (anat.) |
tös, kewde, omıraw, kökirek |
"
|
| bürsügünü, ((n)arı künü?) |
day after tomorrow |
arı küni, bürsigüni |
"
|
| ajatqana, daaratqana, töölöt |
bathroom/toilet |
däretxana, äjetxana, tüwälet |
"
|
| dayar, dayın (dial.) |
ready |
dayın, dayar, saylawlı |
"
|
| keleçek, (boloçoq) |
future |
bolaşaq, keleşek |
"
|
| şamal, jel |
wind, breeze |
jel, samal |
"
|
| jolu, iret |
times |
ret |
"
|
| jalqoo, erin- |
lazy, be lazy |
jalqaw, erin- |
"
|
Cognates with different vowel harmony
front/back differences
| Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
| word |
gloss |
word |
gloss
|
| maalımat |
information |
mälimet, mağlumat |
official information, information
|
| aalam |
~world |
ğalam, älem |
globe, world
|
| aba |
air |
awa, äwe |
air
|
| baarı |
all |
bäri |
all
|
| daarat |
excrement |
däret |
excrement
|
| salam |
a greeting |
sälem |
a greeting
|
| jana |
and |
jäne |
and
|
| ayal |
woman, wife |
äyel |
woman, wife
|
| qana |
~"let me see" |
käne |
~"let me see"
|
| natıyja |
result |
nätiyje |
result
|
| adabiyat |
literature |
ädebiyet |
literature
|
| adabiy |
literary |
ädebiy |
literary
|
| parda |
curtain |
perde |
curtain
|
| daroo |
immediately |
derew |
quickly
|
| dart |
illness |
dert |
illness
|
| obon |
melody/tune |
äwen |
melody/tune
|
| kemçet |
beaver |
qamşat |
otter
|
| eŋse- |
desire (v.t.) |
aŋsa- |
desire (v.t.)
|
| mee |
brain |
mıy |
brain
|
| miŋ |
1000 |
mıŋ |
1000
|
| idiş |
dish |
ıdıs |
plate
|
| tıyın çıçqan |
squirrel |
tiyin |
squirrel
|
| ısım |
name |
esim |
name
|
| qadır |
reputation |
kädir |
reputation
|
| araŋ |
barely |
äreŋ |
barely
|
| alsız |
weak |
älsiz |
weak
|
| ösiyet |
|
osuyat |
|
disharmonic
| Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
| word |
gloss |
word |
gloss
|
| maani |
meaning |
mağına, män |
meaning
|
| ajatqana |
toilet/bathroom |
äjetxana; qajet |
toilet/bathroom; necessary
|
| raqmat |
thanks |
raqmet |
thanks
|
| qızmat |
service |
qızmet |
service
|
| urmat |
respect |
qurmet |
respect
|
| qata |
mistake |
qate |
mistake
|
| mayram |
celebration |
meyram |
celebration
|
| qalempir |
pepper |
qalampır |
clove(s)
|
| misal |
example |
mısal |
example
|
| kitep |
book |
kitap |
book
|
| araket |
attempt, try (~n.) |
äreket |
attempt, try (~n.)
|
| azır |
now |
qazir, äzir |
now
|
rounding
| Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
| jıldız |
star |
juldız |
star
|
| jıpar |
perfume |
jupar |
perfume
|
| mın- |
this (oblique forms) |
mun- |
this (oblique forms)
|
| büt- |
to finish (v.i.) |
bit- |
to finish (v.i.)
|
| münöz |
person's character |
minez |
person's character
|
| ötük |
boot(s) |
etik |
boot(s)
|
| sülöösün |
lynx |
silewsin |
lynx
|
| kökül |
bangs |
kekil |
bangs
|
| şökülö |
unmarried woman's tall hat |
säwkele |
unmarried woman's tall hat
|
..everything..
| Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
| tobokel |
risk (n.) |
täwekel |
risk (n.)
|
| şoola |
ray of light |
säwle, şağula |
ray of light
|
Consonantal differences
mysterious consonantal differences
| Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
| tanda- |
choose |
taŋda- |
choose
|
| çalıq- |
be tired of |
jalıq- |
be tired of
|
| bermet |
pearl |
meriwert |
pearl
|
| tegirmen |
mill |
diyirmen |
mill
|
Kazakh words some people don't know
Maybe they're from a different dialect, or literary, but they're in the dictionary and have cognates in Kyrgyz.
- mıq - nail (n.)
- öp- - kiss (v.t.)
- jıljıtpa amal - cunning plan
- jasa- - live (v.i.)
- kör - blind (adj)
- suwır - marmot
Uncategorised
- Kazakh jüye - system
- basqı, başqı
- Kazakh mülde
- Kyrgyz ayabay
- Kazakh saw bol-
- Kazakh abay bol-, Kyrgyz etiyet bol-
- Kyrgyz qamsız qıl-
- Kyrgyz jaşoo
- qarın/qursaq
- Kyrgyz adis 'specialty, specialist', Kazakh mamandıq 'specialty', maman 'specialist', ädis ?'specialty'
- Kazakh mätin
- Kazakh amal joq, Kyrgyz ayla joq
- mıq/jügir??/şege
- Kyrgyz mint-/mınti-, anti- (antkeni), oşent-, qanti-, tigint-; Kazakh öyt- (öytkeni), söyt-, qayti-
- Kyrgyz tigi
- Kazakh/Kyrgyz
jolı/jolu, ret/iret
- Kazakh lıpıl
- Kyrgyz qıtığıla- / Kazakh qıtıqta-
- Kyrgyz küü / Kazakh küy
- Kyrgyz ölöŋ / Kazakh öleŋ
- Kyrgyz taandıq / Kazakh tän
- Kazakh jarlıq
- qarapayım/kademki(/kädemgi)
- Kazakh jappay?
- juduruq/judırıq, muştum
- jubaylar?
- soqur/soqır
- Kyrgyz atayı / Kazakh arnayı, ädeyi
