Faux Genders
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Revision as of 04:39, 14 January 2008 by Firespeaker (talk | contribs) (Reverted edits by Firespeaker (Talk); changed back to last version by Hannahbw)
Spanish and French, both being Romance languages, have a gender attribute to their nouns. Also, being related, many words have the same origin. These are called cognates. In French, cognates that don't have the same meaning as their source are called faux amis. Having studied French before Spanish, and not ever having been good at remembering what gender a given noun was in French, I found it convenient to rely on Spanish when I needed a noun's gender, since remembering a noun's gender in Spanish is as simple as learning only a few rules and a handful of exceptions. However, it turns out that not all French-Spanish cognates have the same gender, though probably well over 90% do.
Here's a small compilation of exceptions that Jonathan North Washington, Hannah Beth Washington, George Martin Fell Brown, and Michael-Forest Meservy have been able to collect.
The Chart
| English | Latin | French | Spanish | Portuguese | Italian | Romansh | Jèrriais | Cotentinais | Romanian | Occitan | Catalan | Sardinian | Galician |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First declension | |||||||||||||
| edge, border | ora, orae (1f) | la bordure | la orla | a orla | l'orlo (masc) | bordură (fem) | oru | o bordo | |||||
| Second declension | |||||||||||||
| nose | nasus, nasi (2m) | le nez | la nariz | o nariz | il naso | il nas | l'nez | nasu | o nariz | ||||
| journey, voyage | viaticus, viatici (2m) | le voyage | el viaje | a viagem | il viaggio | el viatge | a viaxe | ||||||
| glass | vitrum, vitri (2n) | le verre | el vidrio | o vidro | il vetro | il vaider | l'vèrre | bidru | o vidro | ||||
| la vitre | l'vitre | vetru | |||||||||||
| Third declension | |||||||||||||
| flower | flos, floris (3m) | la fleur | la flor | a flor | il fiore | la flur | la flieur | la flleur | floare (fem) | flore | a flor | ||
| înflorire (fem) | fiore | ||||||||||||
| colour | color, coloris (3m) | la couleur | el color | a cor | il colore | la colur | la couleu | la couoleu | culoare (fem) | el color | colore | a cor | |
| colorit (neut) | la color | ||||||||||||
| pain | dolor, doloris (3m) | la douleur | el dolor | a dor | il dolore | durere (fem) | el dolore | dolore | a dor | ||||
| la dolore | |||||||||||||
| bridge | pons, pontis (3m) | le pont | el puente | a ponte | il ponte | la punt | punte (fem) | el pǫnt | ponte | a ponte | |||
| ponton; pod (neut.) | ponti | ||||||||||||
| inch | pollex, pollicis (3m) | le pouce | la pulgada | a polegada | il pollice | il polesch | poddighe (mannu) | a polgada | |||||
| blood | sanguis, sanguinis (3m) | le sang | la sangre | o sangue | il sangue | il sang | l'sang | sînge ("masc") | sang (fem) | sanguni | o sangue | ||
| sang (masc) | sangu | ||||||||||||
| salt | sal, salis (3m) | le sel | la sal | o sal | il sale | il sal | sare (fem) | la sal | sale | o sal | |||
| labor, task, ploughing | labor, laboris (3m) | le labeur | la labor | o lavouro | il lavoro | o labor | |||||||
| le labour | |||||||||||||
| end | finis, finis (3m, i-stem) | la fin | el fin | o fim | la fine | la fin | fine | o fin | |||||
| il fine | finis | ||||||||||||
| tree | arbor, arboris (3f) | l'arbre (masc) | el árbol | a árvore | l'albero (masc) | l'arbre (masc); l'bouais | l'âbre (masc) | arvere | a árbore | ||||
| a(l/r)bure | |||||||||||||
| art | ars, artis (3f) | l'art (masc) | el arte | a arte | l'arte (fem) | l'art (masc) | l'art (masc) | arte | a arte | ||||
| las artes | |||||||||||||
| custom | consuetudo, consuetudinis (3f) | la coutume | la costumbre | o costume | il costume | costumene | o costume | ||||||
| origin | origo, originis (3f) | l'origine (fem) | el origen | a origem | l'origine (fem) | origine (fem) | origine | a orixe | |||||
| hail | grando, grandinis (3f) | la grêle | el granizo | o granizo | la grandine | la granella | |||||||
| milk | lac, lactis (3n) | le lait | la leche | o leite | il latte | il latg | l'lait | lapte (neut) | lach | llet | latte | o leite | |
| sea | mar, maris (3n) | la mer | el mar | o mar | il mare | la mar | la mé | la mé | mare (fem) | mare | o mar | ||
| honey | mel, mellis (3n) | le miel | la miel | o mel | il miele | miere (fem) | el mel | miele | o mel | ||||
| la mel | |||||||||||||
| Fourth declension | |||||||||||||
| Fifth declension | |||||||||||||
| ice | glacies, glaciei (5f) | la glace | el hielo | o gelo | il ghiaccio | il glatsch | ghiacciu | o xeo | |||||
| landscape | le paysage | el paisaje | a paisagem | il paesaggio | paesaggiu | a paisaxe | |||||||
| cloud | nubes, nubis (?f) | le nuage | la nube | a nuvem | la nuvola | il nivel | l'nouage | la nuaée | nue | a nube | |||
| valley | valles, vallis (?f) | la vallée | el valle | o vale | la valle | la val | la vallée | la vall | badde | o val | |||
| valli | |||||||||||||
| flag | le drapeau | la bandera | a bandeira | la bandiera | la couleu | la couoleu | a bandeira | ||||||
| spider | l'araignée (fem) | la araña | a aranha | il ragno | l'pêtre | a araña | |||||||
| Neologisms | |||||||||||||
| make-up | le maquillage | el maquillaje | a maquiagem | ||||||||||
| garage | le garage | el garaje | a garagem | la garascha | garaj (neut) | el garatge | o garaxe | ||||||
| car | l'auto (fem) | el auto | o auto | l'auto (fem) | l'auto (masc) | la vaituthe; moto (?) | la qùérette; la maringote; l'éto (?) | automobil (neut) | l'auto (masc) | ||||
| tomato | la tomate | el tomate | o tomate | la tomata | la tanmate | tomată | el tomàquet | o tomate | |||||
| Created from adjectival forms | |||||||||||||
| minute | la minute | el minuto | o minuto | il minuto | la minuta | la minnute | la minute | minut | o minuto | ||||
| Derived from verbs | |||||||||||||
| conquest | la conquète | la conquista | a conquista | la conquista | la contchête | le conqùet | a conquista | ||||||
| shelf | l'étagère (fem) | el estante | a estante | o estante | |||||||||
Footnotes
- This is the first test footnote 1
- This is the second
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