The orthography used to represent Turkic languages on this page is a phonemic system based on Turkish orthography.
This is done to avoid focusing on the phonetic differences between different languages used.
The IPA is used when describing the phonetics of Turkic languages.
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This is here mainly to quantify lexical differences between Kazakh and Kyrgyz.
For further information on sound correspondence issues, see Turkic sound changes and Turkic words that shouldn't be as they are.
False friends A
(Words that look/sound similar, but meaning different - probably unrelated)
Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
word |
gloss |
word |
gloss
|
tamaşa |
a joke |
tamaşa |
perfect
|
zaŋ |
shit |
zaŋ |
law
|
saz |
swamp |
saz |
melody
|
ıya |
huh? |
iyä |
yes
|
say- |
to plug in, stab, inject, stick in, fuck |
sayıs- |
to compete
|
False friends B
(Words that look/sound similar, but meaning different - probably related)
Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
word |
gloss |
word |
gloss
|
arman |
a regret, a sorrow |
arman |
dream / a wish for something to come
|
eje |
mother |
äje |
grandmother
|
apa |
mother |
apa |
older female [relative]
|
juma |
friday, week |
juma |
friday (, dial. week)
|
jönököy |
simple |
jönekey |
?
|
jön |
simply |
jön |
normal?, correct?
|
jay |
slow |
jay |
slow, simple, quiet
|
tamga |
letter (of alphabet) |
taŋba |
~sign, tamga
|
jığaç |
wood |
ağaş |
tree, wood
|
baq |
tree |
baq |
garden
|
tuura |
correct, straight |
tuwra |
straight
|
durus |
? |
durıs |
correct
|
aruu |
~pure (adj.) |
arıw |
beautiful girl (n.)
|
qalta |
~cloth/sack for carrying something |
qalta |
pocket
|
uq- |
listen |
uq- |
~understand
|
şaş- |
hurry |
sas- |
be panicked (about)
|
oromo |
a wrapped steamed ~dumpling |
oralma |
headscarf
|
orol- |
to be wrapped |
oral- |
return (v.i.), come back, ..?
|
qarma- |
hold |
qarma- |
catch
|
ata |
father |
ata |
grandfather
|
qabırğa |
rib(s) |
qabırğa |
wall
|
qalempir |
pepper |
qalampır |
clove(s)
|
qaalağan |
any |
qalağan |
that's wanted
|
kez kelgen |
that's turn/time has come (?) |
kez kelgen |
any
|
tuu- |
to bear child (animal) |
tuw- |
to bear child (general/human)
|
alp |
big, strong; giant (adj.), huge |
alıp |
hero, giant (n.); big, strong
|
döö |
cyclops, monster |
däw |
huge (slang)
|
min- |
to ride an animal |
min- |
to ride an animal; to get on (a bus)
|
Words where cognate doesn't exist
(bold = word doesn't exist as cognate; every line should have at least one bolded word)
Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
word |
gloss |
word |
gloss
|
üy bülö |
family |
otbası |
family
|
ooba |
yes |
iyä |
yes
|
ıya? |
huh? |
|
|
tataal |
complicated/complex |
keşendi |
complicated/complex
|
qotor- |
translate, convert |
awdar- |
translate, convert
|
emerek |
furniture |
jıyhaz |
furniture
|
je |
or |
nemese |
or
|
daroo |
immediately |
birden |
"
|
qoqus(tan) |
suddenly |
? |
|
ayant |
[city] square |
alaŋ |
"
|
? |
|
şomalda- |
to bathe
|
qooz |
pleasant to look at (not person) |
? |
|
mıyzam |
law |
zaŋ |
"
|
unaa |
means of transportation |
kölik |
"
|
ele |
(many uses) |
— |
|
da |
(mood marker) |
— |
|
jomoq |
fairy tale |
ertek |
"
|
obon |
melody |
saz |
"
|
ır |
song |
än |
"
|
ırda- |
sing |
än ayt- |
"
|
manja |
finger |
sawsaq |
"
|
uy |
cow |
sıyır |
"
|
çaqa (dial. çelek) |
bucket |
şelek |
bucket
|
apta (dial.) |
week |
apta |
week
|
çöntök |
pocket |
qalta |
pocket
|
uq- |
listen, hear |
esit- |
hear
|
uq- |
listen, hear |
tıŋda- |
listen
|
başqaruuçu |
boss |
bastıq |
boss
|
izilde- |
research |
zerte- |
research
|
kiyinki |
next, following |
kelesi |
next, following
|
jooluq |
scarf |
oralma |
headscarf
|
toqoy |
forest |
orman |
forest
|
qarma- |
hold |
usta- |
hold
|
dubal |
wall |
qabırğa |
wall
|
çağılğan |
lightning |
nayzağay |
lightning
|
çoŋ |
big |
ülken |
big
|
çoğuu |
together |
birge |
together
|
tör- |
to bear child (human) |
tuw- |
to bear child
|
jaşılça |
vegetable(s) |
kökinis |
vegetable(s)
|
belek |
gift |
sıylıq |
gift
|
şüüdürüm |
dew |
şıq |
dew
|
tilekke qarşı |
unfortunately |
ökinişke oray |
unfortunately
|
ün alğıç |
radio |
|
|
sın alğıç |
television |
teledıydar |
television
|
qaarman |
hero, character |
keyipker |
character
|
|
|
munay |
[earth] oil
|
köp |
often |
jiyi, ılğıy |
often
|
tap-taqır |
completely |
mülde, tipten |
completely
|
mayram |
celebration, holiday |
mereke, mayram |
celebration, holiday
|
qılım |
century |
ğasır |
century
|
boz üy |
yurt |
kiyiz üy |
yurt
|
tepkiç |
stairs |
baspaldaq |
stairs
|
|
|
keste |
schedule
|
|
|
eleme- |
ignore
|
|
|
täwir |
decent
|
urmat, sıy |
respect |
qurmet, sıy, qoşemet, izet |
respect
|
qayra, qayta |
back (p.i.), again |
qayta |
back (p.i.), again
|
çeyin, deyre |
before, until |
şeyin, deyin
|
quur |
belt |
beldik, belbew, taspa? |
belt
|
topçu, tüymö |
button (on clothing) |
tüyme
|
Words where cognate's form is different
(or where only part of cognate is the same; cognate pieces underlined)
Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
word |
gloss |
word |
gloss
|
ayıl |
village |
awıl |
village
|
iş/jumuş qıl- |
to work |
jumıs iste- |
to work
|
tiyeşelüü |
concerning |
tiyisti |
concerning
|
|
|
qatıstı |
related to
|
(bir) tuulğan |
relative |
tuwıs |
relative
|
erteŋ menen |
morning |
taŋ-erteŋ |
morning
|
etiş |
verb |
etistik |
verb
|
zat atooç |
noun |
zat esim |
noun
|
kiçinekey |
little |
kişkentay |
little
|
teskeriçe |
backwards, other way around |
kerisinşe |
backwards, other way around
|
tıyın çıçqan |
squirrel |
tiyin |
squirrel
|
naqta |
real |
nağız |
real
|
suroo |
question |
suraq |
question
|
Cognates where default variant is different
Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
word |
gloss |
word |
gloss
|
aqısız, tegin |
free (of cost) |
tegin, aqısız |
"
|
jardam, kömök |
help, aid, assistance |
kömek, jardam |
"
|
jönöt-, jiber- |
send |
jiber-, jönet-, jolda- |
"
|
jaqında |
near |
jaqında, juwıqta |
"
|
jaq- |
to be pleasing to |
jaq-, una- |
"
|
joluq-, kesdeş- |
to meet (with) |
kesdes- |
"
|
daraq, baq |
tree |
ağaş, daraq |
"
|
şaar |
city |
qala, şahar (dial.) |
"
|
jılmay- |
smile |
kül-, jımıy- |
"
|
muzdaq |
cold (beverage) |
muzdaq, muzday (dial.), salqın |
"
|
bat, tez, ıldam, baçım, qatuu |
"fast" |
tez, jıldam |
"
|
taqır |
completely, bald |
taqır |
bald
|
tap-taqır, müldö, tipti |
completely, totally |
mülde, tipti, tipten |
"
|
töş, kökürök |
chest (anat.) |
tös, kewde, omıraw, kökirek |
chest (anat.)
|
Cognates with different vowel harmony
front/back
Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
word |
gloss |
word |
gloss
|
maani |
meaning |
mağına, män |
meaning
|
maalımat |
information |
mälimet, mağlumat |
infomration
|
aalam |
~world |
ğalam, älem |
world
|
baarı |
all |
bäri |
all
|
salam |
a greeting |
sälem |
a greeting
|
jana |
and |
jäne |
and
|
araket |
attempt, try (~n.) |
äreket |
attempt, try (~n.)
|
raqmat |
thanks |
raqmet |
thanks
|
urmat |
respect |
qurmet |
respect
|
qata |
mistake |
qate |
mistake
|
mayram |
celebration |
meyram |
celebration
|
qalempir |
pepper |
qalampır |
clove(s)
|
azır |
now |
qazir, äzir |
now
|
misal |
example |
mısal |
example
|
kitep |
book |
kitap |
book
|
miŋ |
1000 |
mıŋ |
1000
|
idiş |
dish |
ıdıs |
plate
|
tıyın çıçqan |
squirrel |
tiyin |
squirrel
|
ısım |
name |
esim |
name
|
rounding
Kyrgyz
|
Kazakh
|
jıldız |
star |
juldız |
star
|
mında/y |
here / like this |
munda/y |
here / like this
|
büt- |
to finish (v.i.) |
bit- |
to finish (v.i.)
|
münöz |
person's character |
minez |
person's character
|
tobokel |
risk (n.) |
täwekel |
risk (n.)
|
Uncategorised
- Kazakh jüye - system
- basqı, başqı
- Kazakh mülde
- Kyrgyz ayabay
- Kazakh saw bol-
- Kazakh abay bol-, Kyrgyz etiyet bol-
- Kyrgyz qamsız qıl-
- Kyrgyz jaşoo
- qarın/qursaq
- Kyrgyz adis 'specialty, specialist', Kazakh mamandıq 'specialty', maman 'specialist', ädis ?'specialty'
- Kazakh mätin
- Kazakh amal joq, Kyrgyz ayla joq
- mıq/jügir?
- Kyrgyz mint-/mınti-, anti- (antkeni), oşent-, qanti-, tigint-; Kazakh öyt- (öytkeni), söyt-, qayti-
- Kyrgyz tigi
- Kazakh/Kyrgyz
jolı/jolu, ret/iret
- Kazakh lıpıl
- Kyrgyz qıtığıla- / Kazakh qıtıqta-
- Kyrgyz küü / Kazakh küy
- Kyrgyz ölöŋ / Kazakh öleŋ
- Turkic sound changes#Scratch
- Kazakh a~ɯ problem
- Turkic words that shouldn't be as they are