Lexical differences between Kazakh and Kyrgyz
The orthography used to represent Turkic languages on this page is a phonemic system based on Turkish orthography. |
This is here mainly to quantify lexical differences between Kazakh and Kyrgyz.
For further information on sound correspondence issues, see Turkic sound changes and Turkic words that shouldn't be as they are.
Contents
False friends A
(Words that look/sound similar, but meaning different - probably unrelated)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
tamaşa | a joke | tamaşa | perfect |
zaŋ | shit | zaŋ | law |
saz | swamp | saz | melody |
ıya | huh? | iyä | yes |
say- | to plug in, stab, inject, stick in, fuck | sayıs- | to compete |
False friends B
(Words that look/sound similar, but meaning different - probably related)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
arman | a regret, a sorrow | arman | dream / a wish for something to come |
eje | mother | äje | grandmother |
apa | mother | apa | older female [relative] |
bayke (<*bay ake), ağa | older brother | äke; ağa | father; older brother |
juma | friday, week | juma | friday (, dial. week) |
jönököy | simple | jönekey | ? |
jön | simply | jön | normal?, correct? |
jay | slow | jay | slow, simple, quiet |
tamga | letter (of alphabet) | taŋba | ~sign, tamga |
jığaç | wood | ağaş | tree, wood |
baq | tree | baq | garden |
tuura | correct, straight | tuwra | straight |
durus | ? | durıs | correct |
aruu | ~pure (adj.) | arıw | beautiful girl (n.) |
qalta | ~cloth/sack for carrying something | qalta | |
uq- | listen | uq- | ~understand |
şaş- | hurry | sas- | be panicked (about) |
oromo | a wrapped steamed ~dumpling | oralma | headscarf |
orol- | to be wrapped | oral- | return (v.i.), come back, ..? |
qarma- | hold | qarma- | catch |
ata | father | ata | grandfather |
qabırğa | rib(s) | qabırğa | wall |
qalempir | pepper | qalampır | clove(s) |
qaalağan | any | qalağan | that's wanted |
kez kelgen | that's turn/time has come (?) | kez kelgen | any |
tuu- | to bear child (animal) | tuw- | to bear child (general/human) |
alp | big, strong; giant (adj.), huge | alıp | hero, giant (n.); big, strong |
döö | cyclops, monster | däw | huge (slang) |
min- | to ride an animal | min- | to ride an animal; to get on (a bus) |
qayra | back (p.i.), again; (returning herd animals to corral?) | qayıra | returning herd animals to corral |
beldik | [woman's] backband, girth?, girdle? | beldik | backband, girth, girdle, belt |
köktöm (archaic) | early spring | köktem | spring, early spring |
jaz | spring | jaz | summer |
el | nation, people | el | nation, people, state, country |
ölkö | country, state | ölke | area of land (specific? general?) |
Words where cognate doesn't exist
(bold = word doesn't exist as cognate; every line should have at least one bolded word)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
üy bülö | family | otbası | family |
ooba | yes | iyä | yes |
ıya? | huh? | ||
tataal | complicated/complex | keşendi | complicated/complex |
qotor- | translate, convert | awdar- | translate, convert |
emerek | furniture | jıyhaz | furniture |
je (emese) | or (if so) | nemese | or |
daroo | immediately | birden | " |
qoqus(tan) | suddenly | ? | |
ayant | [city] square | alaŋ | " |
? | şomalda- | to bathe | |
qooz | pleasant to look at (not person) | ? | |
mıyzam | law | zaŋ | " |
unaa | means of transportation | kölik | " |
ele | (many uses) | — | |
da | (mood marker) | — | |
elek | (tense marker - "not yet") | — | |
jomoq | fairy tale | ertek | " |
obon | melody | saz | " |
ır | song | än | " |
ırda- | sing | än ayt- | " |
manja | finger | sawsaq | " |
uy | cow | sıyır | " |
çaqa (dial. çelek) | bucket | şelek | bucket |
apta (dial.) | week | apta | week |
çöntök | qalta | ||
uq- | listen, hear | esit- | hear |
uq- | listen, hear | tıŋda- | listen |
başqaruuçu | boss | bastıq | boss |
izilde- | research | zerte- | research |
kiyinki | next, following | kelesi | next, following |
jooluq | scarf | oralma | headscarf |
toqoy | forest | orman | forest |
qarma- | hold | usta- | hold |
dubal | wall | qabırğa | wall |
çağılğan | lightning | nayzağay | lightning |
çoŋ | big | ülken | big |
çoğuu | together | birge | together |
tör- | to bear child (human) | tuw- | to bear child |
jaşılça | vegetable(s) | kökinis | vegetable(s) |
belek | gift | sıylıq | gift |
şüüdürüm | dew | şıq | dew |
tilekke qarşı | unfortunately | ökinişke oray | unfortunately |
ün alğıç | radio | ||
sın alğıç | television | teledıydar | television |
qaarman | hero, character | keyipker | character |
munay | [earth] oil | ||
köp | often | jiyi, ılğıy | often |
tap-taqır | completely | mülde, tipten | completely |
mayram | celebration, holiday | mereke, mayram | celebration, holiday |
qılım | century | ğasır | century |
boz üy | yurt | kiyiz üy | yurt |
tepkiç | stairs | baspaldaq | stairs |
keste | schedule | ||
eleme- | ignore | ||
täwir | decent | ||
urmat, sıy, ızaat | respect | qurmet, sıy, qoşemet, izet | respect |
qayra, qayta | back (p.i.), again | qayta | back (p.i.), again |
çeyin, deyre | before, until | şeyin, deyin | |
quur | belt | beldik, belbew, taspa? | belt |
topçu, tüymö | button (on clothing) | tüyme | |
kir, (ıplas??) | dirty | kir, las | dirty |
jay | summer | jaz | summer |
tübölük(kö) | forever, eternal(ly), everlasting(ly) | mäŋgi | forever, eternal(ly), everlasting(ly) |
taarın- | to get offended | ökpele- | to get offended |
zarıl | necessary/necessarily | qajet | necessary/necessarily |
küzgü | mirror | ayna | mirror |
qoşuna | neighbour | körşe | neighbour |
böbök | baby | säbiy, närestey, böpe, äldiy?, böbek? | baby |
ulaan, ula(n(t))- | continuing (adj.); continue (v.i.), keep doing, continue (?) | uzar(t)- | to continue (v.i., v.t.) |
(aylana)-(çöyrö) | environs | (aynala)-(qorşaw) | environs |
jooker, (sarboz (archaic)) | soldier | sarbaz | soldier |
atayın | on purpose | qasaqana | on purpose |
by accident | abaysızdan | by accident |
Words where cognate's form is different
(or where only part of cognate is the same; cognate pieces underlined)
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
ayıl | village | awıl | village |
iş/jumuş qıl- | to work | jumıs iste- | to work |
tiyeşelüü | concerning | tiyisti | concerning |
qatıstı | related to | ||
(bir) tuulğan | relative | tuwıs | relative |
erteŋ menen | morning | taŋ-erteŋ | morning |
etiş | verb | etistik | verb |
zat atooç | noun | zat esim | noun |
kiçinekey | little | kişkentay | little |
teskeriçe | backwards, other way around | kerisinşe | backwards, other way around |
tıyın çıçqan | squirrel | tiyin | squirrel |
naqta | real | nağız | real |
suroo | question | suraq | question |
qız quumay | girl chasing | qız quwıw | girl chasing |
amerikalıq | American | amerikandıq | American |
Cognates where default variant is different
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
aqısız, tegin | free (of cost) | tegin, aqısız | " |
jardam, kömök | help, aid, assistance | kömek, jardam | " |
jönöt-, jiber- | send | jiber-, jönet-, jolda- | " |
jaqında | near | jaqında, juwıqta | " |
jaq- | to be pleasing to | jaq-, una- | " |
joluq-, kezdeş- | to meet (with) | kezdes- | " |
daraq, baq | tree | ağaş, daraq | " |
şaar | city | qala, şahar (dial.) | " |
jılmay- | smile | kül-, jımıy- | " |
muzdaq | cold (beverage) | muzdaq, muzday (dial.), salqın | " |
bat, tez, ıldam, baçım, qatuu | "fast" | tez, jıldam | " |
taqır | completely, bald | taqır | bald |
tap-taqır, müldö, tipti | completely, totally | mülde, tipti, tipten | " |
töş, kökürök | chest (anat.) | tös, kewde, omıraw, kökirek | " |
bürsügünü, ((n)arı künü?) | day after tomorrow | arı küni, bürsigüni | " |
ajatqana, daaratqana, töölöt | bathroom/toilet | däretxana, äjetxana, tuwälet | " |
dayar, dayın (dial.) | ready | dayın, dayar, saylawlı | " |
keleçek, (boloçoq) | future | bolaşaq, keleşek | future |
Cognates with different vowel harmony
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
word | gloss | word | gloss |
maani | meaning | mağına, män | meaning |
maalımat | information | mälimet, mağlumat | information |
aalam | ~world | ğalam, älem | world |
baarı | all | bäri | all |
daarat | excrement | däret | excrement |
salam | a greeting | sälem | a greeting |
jana | and | jäne | and |
araket | attempt, try (~n.) | äreket | attempt, try (~n.) |
ajatqana | toilet/bathroom | äjetxana; qajet | toilet/bathroom; necessary |
raqmat | thanks | raqmet | thanks |
urmat | respect | qurmet | respect |
qata | mistake | qate | mistake |
qana | ~"let me see" | käne | ~"let me see" |
mayram | celebration | meyram | celebration |
qalempir | pepper | qalampır | clove(s) |
azır | now | qazir, äzir | now |
misal | example | mısal | example |
kitep | book | kitap | book |
miŋ | 1000 | mıŋ | 1000 |
idiş | dish | ıdıs | plate |
tıyın çıçqan | squirrel | tiyin | squirrel |
ısım | name | esim | name |
Kyrgyz | Kazakh | ||
---|---|---|---|
jıldız | star | juldız | star |
mında/y | here / like this | munda/y | here / like this |
büt- | to finish (v.i.) | bit- | to finish (v.i.) |
münöz | person's character | minez | person's character |
tobokel | risk (n.) | täwekel | risk (n.) |
Uncategorised
- Kazakh jüye - system
- basqı, başqı
- Kazakh mülde
- Kyrgyz ayabay
- Kazakh saw bol-
- Kazakh abay bol-, Kyrgyz etiyet bol-
- Kyrgyz qamsız qıl-
- Kyrgyz jaşoo
- qarın/qursaq
- Kyrgyz adis 'specialty, specialist', Kazakh mamandıq 'specialty', maman 'specialist', ädis ?'specialty'
- Kazakh mätin
- Kazakh amal joq, Kyrgyz ayla joq
- mıq/jügir?
- Kyrgyz mint-/mınti-, anti- (antkeni), oşent-, qanti-, tigint-; Kazakh öyt- (öytkeni), söyt-, qayti-
- Kyrgyz tigi
- Kazakh/Kyrgyz
jolı/jolu, ret/iret - Kazakh lıpıl
- Kyrgyz qıtığıla- / Kazakh qıtıqta-
- Kyrgyz küü / Kazakh küy
- Kyrgyz ölöŋ / Kazakh öleŋ
- Kyrgyz taandıq / Kazakh tän
- Kazakh jarlıq
- qarapayım/kademki(/kädemgi)